改善E1级胶合板用UF胶粘剂预压性能的研究

利用氧化淀粉在树脂合成后期、API在调胶时加入分别对脲醛树脂进行改性，探讨改性UF对胶合板预压强度的影响。采用正交实验法对比改性后胶合板的预压性能和改性后胶合板的甲醛释放量的变化。结果表明：随着API量的加大，胶合板的预压性能得以提高；而氧化淀粉改性后则随着量的加大，一定范围内胶合板的预压性能得以提高，加入量继续加大后反而下降。     

利用谷氨酰胺转氨酶和结冷胶提高鱼丸凝胶强度的研究

用磷酸盐提高鱼丸凝胶强度的效果显著,但根据GB2760规定,用量有限。采用谷氨酰胺转氨酶(TG酶)和结冷胶替代磷酸盐,优化配方为:谷氨酰胺转氨酶添加量为0.4%,结冷胶添加量为0.5%,产品的凝胶强度达到使用磷酸盐的1.9倍。     

水产调味品鲫鱼汁的研制

随着人们生活水平的提高,对食品质量的要求也在不断的提高,调味品在食品质量中扮演着非常重要的角色。本实验以普通养殖鲫鱼为主要原料,研究水产调味品鲫鱼汁的最佳工艺。通过正交试验和感官评价,最终得到水产调味鲫鱼汁的最佳配方:黄原胶0.04%,鲫鱼汁30%,盐15%,糖5%,谷氨酸钠5%,5′-肌苷酸0.25%,叶黄素0.03%,鱼味香精0.03%,山梨酸钾0.05%,均质压力35MPa。水产调味品鲫鱼汁质地均匀,口感细腻,鱼鲜风味突出,色泽淡黄,气味芬芳,符合人们对于风味和营养的需求,具有广阔的市场前景。     

昆嵛山国家森林公园植物胶植物资源调查研究

通过上山实地采集调查以及实验室标本鉴定,对昆嵛山植物胶植物的种类及形态特征进行统计。结果表明:昆嵛山植物胶植物共计39种,隶属15个科;在此基础上,总结概括了植物胶植物在工业、食品、生物制药等方面的应用并提出了资源开发利用的前景与建议。     

加快绿色化,迎接新世纪

在知识经济走向我们的时代,木材胶粘剂必须加快绿色化,成为生态材料,进入高技术产业行列。在我国,下世纪前十年内,低毒脲醛肢将成为主流产品;现用树脂胶的改性技术日益成熟,如三聚氰胺改性脲醛（ＭＵＦ）、苯酚改性脲醛（ＰＵＦ）等;利用天然资源制造的可降解胶粘剂用量提高,如木素胶、单宁胶、豆蛋白胶等;室温固化型胶粘剂品种增加,新产品用胶不断出现,如异氰酸酯等。另外,集科研、开发、生产于一体的专业胶粘剂产业将较快增长。     

Effect of inorganic electrolytes on the stability of allophane in aqueous solutions of anionic xanthan polysaccharide

The polymeric (a) weak-stabilization (PWST), (b) floccelation (PFL), and (c) stabilization (PST) of ailophane with the anionic xanthan (GX) polysaccharide (He and Horikawa 1996a, b: Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 42, 603-612, 637-644) were investigated further with respect to the effect of 1-1, 2-1, and 1-2 electrolytes (MA). At pH 4.5, the PST was (i) high in 0.1 mM NaCl, MgCl₂, ZnCl₂, and PbCl₂ solutions, whereas (ii) considerably low in 100 mM NaCl, 0.1 mM Na₂SO₄ and NaH₂PO₄ solutions, respectively. At pH 6.5 (i.e.p.), the flocculated ailophane showed (i) a very low PWST in 0.01 mM NaCl, MgCl₂, and Na₂SO₄ solutions, and also (ii) a low PST in 0.01 mM MA except for NaH₂PO₄. In 0.01 mM PbCl₂ and NaH₂PO₄ solutions, ailophane was well dispersed, respectively, and marked PFL and PST were observed with further addition of xanthan. The changes and decrease of PWST and PST were discussed in relation to the iocculation of ailophane due to the (a) effect of MA on the diffuse double layer of the particles, (b) specific adsorption of phosphate and lead ions on the surface, and (c) weakening of the repulsive force between anionic GX chains by MA.     

脲醛树脂固化体系对树脂固化特性的影响

采用不同固化体系,对6种脲醛树脂的pH值、粘度、固化时间、适用期的变化情况进行研究的结果表明,一元固化体系中,以过硫酸铵为固化剂的树脂,pH值下降速度最快,固化时间短,适用期长,能满足上光工艺的要求.二元固化体系中,氯化铵与过硫酸铵组成的固化体系,树脂的pH值下降速度最快,固化时间短,适用期长,但不能满足上光工艺的要求.三元固化体系中,氯化铵、过硫酸铵与甲酸组成的固化体系固化速度稍快一些,适用期相对较短,不能满足上光工艺的要求.     

新疆果树原胶的出胶调查

以新疆果树为试材,研究了山桃、蟠桃、桃杏、杏、巴旦杏、李子、李子幼林、水蜜桃、黄果山楂、新疆梨、石榴共11个果树原胶的出胶率和出胶量.结果表明:山桃、蟠桃、巴旦杏、桃杏和杏的出胶率和出胶量较大,高达90％的树木都出胶,且单株出胶量多在40～50 g;李子和水蜜桃的出胶率则较小,一般在25％,单株出胶量1～3 g;黄果山楂、新疆梨和石榴未发现出胶.     

Cork and guar gum supplementation enhanced the buoyancy of faeces,and protease supplementation alleviated the negative effects of dietary cork on growth and intestinal health of tilapia,Oreochromis niloticus × O. aureus

To evaluate the effects of dietary cork, protease and guar gum on growth, intestinal health and faecal floatability of tilapia, fine or coarse particle cork (0.45–0.60 mm, 0.60–0.83 mm) was included in diets at 0 (control), 20 g/kg, 30 g/kg and 40 g/kg, and then, 0.175 g/kg protease (P) and 3 g/kg guar gum (G) were supplemented to the 40 g/kg coarse particle diet individually or in combination (P + G). Tilapia with an initial body weight of 15.0 ± 0.5 g were fed one of the 10 diets for 60 days. The results showed that weight gain (WG), apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) of dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP), intestinal evacuation ratio, intestinal digestive enzyme activity (IDE) and villus height decreased, and floating faeces ratio increased with the increasing cork level in diets. At the same supplementation level, coarse particle groups showed significantly higher floating faecal ratio than fine particle groups (p < .05). Dietary protease increased the WG, ADC of DM, IDE and villus height (p < .05), and guar gum increased floating faecal ratio when compared to 40 g/kg coarse particle group (p < .05). However, the ADC of DM, IDE and villus height of protease group were still inferior to those of control group (p < .05). In conclusion, dietary cork increased the floating faeces ratio, and the coarse particles produced more floating faeces than fine particles. Moreover, the supplementation of guar gum in cork‐supplemented diet further increased the floating faeces ratio. However, dietary cork negatively affected the growth performance of tilapia, which could be partially alleviated by the supplementation of protease.     

黄秋葵食用胶的制备及应用研究进展

介绍了黄秋葵食用胶的组成、基本特性、制备及其在食品工业中和其他工业中的应用。