The addition of corn fiber gum improves the long-term stability and retrogradation properties of corn starch

This study was designed to test the hypothesis that the stability and physical properties of starch gels could be improved by adding small amounts of corn fiber gum (CFG). In the differential scanning calorimeter measurement, the enthalpy of retrogradation was 7.30 J/g for starch without CFG and 4.30 J/g for starch composite gel with 1.0% CFG. The addition of 1.0% CFG to starch significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the degree of retrogradation during the long-term storage from 61.6% to 36.5%. The addition of CFG retarded the syneresis of the starch system from 17.97% and 34.93%–6.15% and 26.57% after storage for 7 and 14 days respectively. The crystallization peak of starch containing 0.5–1.0% CFG was quite diminished. When compared with the starch gel alone, the addition of CFG significantly lowered the hardness of the composite starch gel from 60.92 to 45.81 N after 14 days storage. The starch gel without CFG showed the lowest rapidly digestible starch content and the highest resistant starch content in comparison to starch/CFG composite gels after 7 and 14 days storage. Over all, the addition of CFG considerably inhibits the retrogradation of corn starch gels during long-term storage.     

脲醛树脂胶粘剂添加剂不同配比研究*

为降低生产成本、开发新型木材胶粘剂添加剂,选用羧甲基纤维素钠和细沙为主要原料,面粉为辅料,并研究其成分配比对胶粘剂人造板产品质量及加工成本的影响。结果表明：当添加剂中羧甲基纤维素钠、面粉、细沙质量百分比为3∶30∶67时,成本比传统添加剂降低了33%,面粉使用量减少了70%。     

不同因素对马铃薯淀粉-黄原胶复配体系粘度的影响

以粘度为评价指标,由试验确定复配体系配比为马铃薯淀粉5%、黄原胶0.3%的基础上,通过单因素试验和响应面试验研究不同因素对马铃薯淀粉-黄原胶复配体系粘度的影响.结果表明:当pH 6、温度69℃、搅拌时间28min、盐离子浓度0.03mol/L时,复配体系的粘度为27 606mPa·s,与预测值27 787mPa·s的相对误差为0.65%,差异不显著,回归模型拟合良好,这一粘度均较相同浓度的马铃薯淀粉或黄原胶粘度高很多.     

魔芋胶与瓜胶未来产业竞争态势分析

比较魔芋和瓜尔豆生物学特性、现有资源区位优势及魔芋胶和瓜胶产品性状等,魔芋胶在理化指标方面明显优于瓜胶,尤其是粘度及凝胶特性显著好于瓜胶。弥勒魔芋规模种植必将伴随魔芋产量的大幅增加,可提升我国魔芋产业在全球的市场份额及产业集中度,显著增强魔芋胶的竞争力,逐渐动摇瓜胶在传统产业中的现有竞争优势。     

黄蒿籽胶提取工艺及流变学特性的研究

以黄蒿籽为原料采用盐析方法提取植物胶,研究了多种因素对提取率的影响,用正交试验L9(3)4得到最佳提取工艺条件:Al2(SO4)3用量为滤液的1/10mL,盐析pH值6.0,脱盐pH值2.5,脱盐时间60min。同时还分析测定了浓度、温度以及常见金属离子对黄蒿籽胶黏度的影响,并且与8种增稠剂黏度进行比较,试验结果表明,黄蒿籽胶具有良好的开发应用价值。     

杉木间伐材ACQ与UF复合改性初步研究

研究应用ACQ防腐剂、改性UF树脂和特制CHC添加剂,调制成相溶的环保型复合改性剂,采用一次性真空浸渍处理杉木间伐材,使处理材达防腐、防虫、防霉、强化复合改性目的.其优化工艺参数:浸渍压力0.7 MPa、加压时间2 h、ACQ/UF体积比4∶1,提高各项力学性能指标为:顺纹抗压强度、抗弯弹性模量、抗弯强度、磨耗量(径面、弦面)各增加21%、11.2%、32.92%(160%、162%).处理材密度可增加30%以上,经扫描电镜微观结构分析,其渗透性良好.     

胡麻胶在冰淇淋中应用的研究

对胡麻胶与羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC-Na)、海藻酸钠及单甘酯在冰淇淋中的协同作用进行了研究。通过正交试验得出胡麻胶与其他稳定剂、乳化剂的最佳应用比例。冰淇淋混合料中各种稳定剂履乳化剂的用量为：胡麻胶0．25％，海藻酸钠0．1％，CMC-Na0．1％，单甘酯0．05％，由此制得的冰淇淋组织状态均匀细腻。口感柔滑，抗融性好，膨胀率理想。     

In vitro ruminal fermentation characteristics of gum arabic under concentrate and forage substrate conditions

Gum arabic (GA) has potential rumen modifier functions. This is the first study to investigate the in vitro ruminal fermentation characteristics of GA. Rumen fluid was collected from ruminal fistulated wethers; rolled barley and ryegrass straw were used as substrates for concentrate and forage conditions, respectively. Besides incubating with the substrates alone (control), GA or potato starch (PS) was added at 0.2%, 1.0%, and 2.0% along with substrates. Under the concentrate substrate condition, GA treatments showed higher total gas production in 24-h incubation, but lower methane production in 24- and 48-h incubation compared with PS treatments (p < 0.05). The 1.0% and 2.0% GA and 0.2% and 1.0% PS treatments showed higher dry matter and neutral detergent fiber digestibility and lower NH₃-N, and higher short chain fatty acid concentrations compared with the control at 24-h incubation (p < 0.05). The GA treatments also showed a lower acetate/propionate ratio than PS treatments at 48-h incubation (p < 0.01). Under the forage substrate condition, the treatment effects were not significant, except for a higher proportion of propionate with GA than with PS at 24 and 48 h of incubations. We thus concluded that GA supplement may exert potential rumen modifier effects particularly under concentrate feeding condition.     

缓释化肥再认识

本文针对缓释肥的概念、研究对象、生产成本和对生态环境的影响等方面作了论述。文章强调,在室内纯水中获得的缓释肥特性测定值与将其施入田间土壤后的实际缓释值将有很大偏差;缓释肥单位养分的成本、售价将比普通肥显著提高;缓释肥在生产、运输过程中的能耗,特别是随产品带入土壤的过量硫、聚烯烃和甲醛等有害物质,将对生态环境产生不可低估的负面影响。论文提供了评价缓释肥农化性质的若干建议:如用土壤真溶液替代纯水去测定缓释肥的溶解特性;开展缓释肥的15N同位素标记研究以及规范田间与小区肥效试验等。     

硅灰石矿物粉改性脲醛树脂胶黏剂的研究

用未改性硅灰石[Ca_3(Si_3O_9)]矿物粉和硅烷类改性硅灰石矿物粉改性脲醛树脂胶黏剂,研究了硅灰石对脲醛树脂胶黏剂性能的影响和改性脲醛树脂制备的刨花板的胶合性能。研究结果表明,硅灰石矿物粉及其添加量对UF胶的固体含量、pH值、黏度、接触角、固化时间均有一定的影响,所制备的刨花板与用原胶相比胶合性能有不同程度的降低,随着硅灰石添加量的增加,刨花板的吸水厚度膨胀率增加,内结合强度有一定程度下降,但可以达到刨花板国家标准的要求。硅灰石矿物粉作为脲醛树脂胶黏剂改性剂是可行的。