河南省典型土系的特定土层特征与分类研究

根据土壤发生学理论,在土壤景观相似的土壤中(如相同母质、相似气候、相同地形以及相似的植物类型和动物活动),土壤的属性具有相似性;然而由于地理环境中复杂的成土因素的影响,土壤绝无完全相同的土壤个体。在划分土壤地理发生分类基层单元土种和系统分类基层单元土系时,特定土层被用于反映土体构型差异。但特定土层类型多样,目前尚处于模糊状态,随着土系划分研究的深入,有必要对其进行分门别类与归纳整理。本文以河南省典型土系为例,梳理和总结了土系划分时涉及的主要特定土层,从特定土层形成根源上将其分为现代成土环境下土壤发生过程形成的、地质成因或地质时期土壤环境下发育形成的和人类活动产生的三个类型,并提出了基于土系概念的特定土层分类与检索体系,旨在使特定土层的概念更为系统、全面、开放,以便于使用。     

植物营养诊断专家系统知识库及症状标准集建立

研究在分析了植物营养元素知识及典型症状内在规律的基础上,以文献知识为主要获取方法。在研究过程中,收集了覆盖常见作物的元素丰缺条件下的典型与非典型症状描述,直接进入数据库的有286条。以此为基础,提出了作物营养元素症状描述的客观标准集：（1）按元素分类建立了12种元素的客观标准集;（2）在对客观标准集分析归纳的基础上,建立了植株的表观症状描述、部位的表观症状描述、叶片的表观症状描述和诊断检索表;（3）分析了以SQL server2000为数据库平台的技术优势。本知识库的建立为诊断系统成功开发奠定了知识基础。     

一例疑似鸡食盐中毒的分析研究

为了确诊一例疑似鸡的食盐中毒病例,本文以新郑某鸡场疑似食盐中毒的4000只肉鸡为研究对象。通过测定病死鸡只胃、肠内容物及肝脏中的氯化钠含量,结合临床症状、病理变化、脏器常规石蜡切片观察,结果均与鸡的食盐中毒相符。以上结果表明,该群鸡死于食盐中毒。     

羊传染性脓疱病研究进展

羊传染性脓疱病主要感染山羊和绵羊,近年来发现其也可感染包括人在内的多种动物,为一种人兽共患病。对羊传染性脓疱病的病原学、流行特点、临床症状、病理变化、诊断及防治等方面进行了综述。     

对食用植物中天然毒素的初探

概述了食用有毒植物的种类,食用植物中天然毒素的种类及毒理特性,介绍了生活中常见食用植物中毒的症状及预防措施,为防止食物中毒,具有重要的现实意义。     

水稻黑条矮缩病的发生与防治

介绍了水稻黑条矮缩病的发生规律、病害症状和病害影响,提出防治措施,以为该病的防治提供参考。     

Gemmamyces bud blight of Picea pungens: a sudden disease outbreak in Central Europe

Due to its high tolerance to acid rain, the North American Colorado blue spruce (Picea pungens) has been among the most frequent substitute tree species used in reforestation programmes in spruce mountain forests in the Ore and Sudeten Mountains in the Czech Republic after destruction by sulphur dioxide pollution in the second half of the last century. This species was planted on more than 8800 ha of destroyed mountain forest stands in the Ore Mountains alone. New plantations prospered until a massive outbreak of the gemmamyces bud blight, first identified in 2009. The causal agent, Gemmamyces piceae, induced massive bud blight in infected trees – bud loss progressively increased to 70–80% or more, and because the trees were not able to replace the natural loss of older needles, they quickly withered and died. Many plantations disrupted by the pathogen had to be cut down. Although several resistant genotypes have been identified, the cultivation of this species in forest stands has no future in this area. Because this disease was also identified in several ornamental plantations in the area, the bud blight epidemic haunts public green space administrators and nursery and Christmas tree plantation owners. Other pathogens and pests, such as Lophodermium piceae, Sirococcus conigenus and Elatobium abietinum, have also been identified as involved in the damage to P. pungens.     

Salvinia in the State of Kerala,India

Abstract

The mites attacking Important plants in the North Eastern Hill region of India were surveyed for 3 years from 1984. The mites recorded belonged to three families: Tetranychidae, Tenuipalpidae and Eriophidae. The most common and widely distributed species were Eutetranychus orientalis, Tetranychus telarius, Tetranychus cucurbitae and Brevipalpus phoenicis which attacked a number of vegetables and fruit trees. The total number of mite species recorded in Meghalaya were 10 on 28 plants, in Tripura 6 on 17 plants, in Manipur 5 on 14 plants, in Nagaland 3 on 7 plants, in Arunachal Pradesh 3 on 5 plants and Mizoram 3 on 6 plant species.     

新疆迪那凝析气田地面工程项目区水土流失关系及预测

根据不同类型建设项目的水土流失特点,采用调查分析法,在现场勘测和分析相关资料、文件的基础上,分析了迪那凝析气田地面工程水土流失与自然水土流失的关系,研究了典型项目区的水土流失,预测了水土流失面积。结果表明,该工程在建设过程中将扰动原地表面积674．02hm^2,损坏水土保持设施造成设施水土保持功能的丧失或者降低的总面积高达674．02hm^2。研究结果为迪那气田水土保持与生态修复提供了科学依据和技术支撑。     

山东省茶树抗寒变异特性的研究

经对10地市茶区,6个气象因子作最短距离聚类分析得出,山东茶主要分布在4个生态类型区域内,第一类型区域在日照岚山、莒县、大坡和巨峰;第二生态类型区域在临沂莒南和青岛胶南;第三生态类型区域在泰安小津口和新泰;第四生态类型区域在青岛崂山和潍坊诸城。从各生态类型区域茶树变异指数分析得出,茶树冻害由轻到重呈花斑式分布。经典型相关分析,各气象因子与叶片组织结构变化呈正相关性,以年降雨量和极端最低温度对茶树变异影响最大,其次是年平均温度、无霜期和日照时数,1月份年均气温对叶片结构变化影响不大。叶片结构以栅栏组织厚度对气候条件最敏感,其次是栅栏组织与海绵组织的比值、海绵组织厚度,叶片厚度和上表皮厚度与气象因子无关。