小麦栽培管理动态知识模型的构建与检验

 将系统分析方法和数学建模技术应用于小麦管理知识表达体系，通过解析和提炼小麦生育及管理指标与环境因子及生产水平之间的基础性关系和定量化算法，创建了小麦管理动态知识模型WheatKnow；充分利用软构件的技术特点，在Visual C++和Visual Basic平台上研制了数字化和组件化小麦管理动态知识模型系统，实现了播前栽培方案的设计和产中适宜调控指标动态的预测2大功能。其中，播前栽培方案包括产量目标、适宜品种、播期、基本苗及播种量、肥料运筹和水分管理；产中调控指标包括适宜生育期、穗分化进程、生长指标、源库指标和营养指标动态。利用不同生态点、不同品种、不同土壤等资料及大田对比试验对所建知识模型进行实例分析和检验的结果表明，所提出的小麦管理动态知识模型总体上具有较好的广适性和决策性。本研究克服了传统作物栽培模式与专家系统地域性强和广适性弱的不足，从而为实现作物栽培管理的精确化和数字化奠定了基础。     

关于土地开发整理项目水土保持有关问题的探讨

防治水土流失是土地开发整理项目的重要内容。土地开发整理项目本身是一项水土保持工程,其是否需要水土保持方案,如何编制是亟待解决的科学与生产问题。从分析其自身特点入手,从现状与法律的规定性两方面对此问题进行了探讨,认为把水土保持方案设计的思路渗透到土地整理开发项目的相关设计中是目前解决该问题的最佳办法,并以山区、风沙区和丘陵区的3个项目为例进行了阐述。     

高等级公路水土保持绿化工程方案探讨

以天水一谗口高等级公路工程为例,系统地介绍了可行性研究阶段水土保持方案中绿化工程设计的要求及内容。首先根据项目主体的要求,确定不同绿化功能和要求的地块的分布和面积,并划分不同的防治分区;其次分析和评价各类绿化地的立地条件,合理划分立地因子,提出不同防治分区各绿化地块拟采用的植物种及布局方案;最后,根据项目立体建设的要求,研究项目对绿化的特殊要求,提出可行的绿化方案,并进行典型设计。     

丘陵地区水环境保护的生态农业规划方法--以山东省文登市为例

结合文登市水环境综合整治规划研究，作者应用生态学基本原理，对文登水环境生态系统结构和功能进行了系统的分析，阐明了文登水环境污染的现状以及存在的生态问题，提出文登市区域水环境保护与发展的生态农业建设方案与策略。     

建设秀美山川 实现黄河长治久安——写在国务院批准《黄河近期重点治理开发规划》之际

国务院批准的《黄河近期重点治理开发规划》 ,把水土保持生态建设作为黄河治理开发的三大任务之一 ,确立了水土保持工作在治黄中的根本地位 ,明确了今后黄土高原水土保持生态建设方略、工作思路、奋斗目标、防治重点及保证规划实施的措施。规划的实施 ,对于黄河长治久安、加快区域经济社会的发展、促进西部大开发战略的顺利实施 ,具有十分重要的意义     

区域水土保持规划中重点防治区的划定--以广州市为例

重点防治区的划定是区域水土保持规划的一项重要内容。以广州市为例 ,在区域水土流失综合调查的基础上 ,确定重点防治区划分的原则和依据 ,结合相关法律法规和基础资料 ,以镇为基本单元 ,在广州市范围内划定 4个重点治理区 ,3个重点监督区和 2个重点预防保护区 ,并指出各区的重点防治方向     

绥德王茂沟流域淤地坝调查及坝系相对稳定规划

王茂沟流域面积５．９７ｋｍ￣２，位于陕北黄土丘陵沟壑区，地形破碎，水土流失严重。１９５３年开始综合治理以来，在沟谷建成大小淤地坝４５座，已拦泥１７６．１８万ｍ￣３，淤垫坝地３３．３ｈｍ￣２，形成较完整的坝系．使年输沙模数由１８０００ｔ／ｍ￣２减少到４６０ｔ／ｋｍ￣２。随着淤地坝的逐年淤积，坝系的抗洪拦沙能力有所降低，暴雨中水毁坝体和坝地作物保收问题尚未得到很好解决。在调查分析坝系布局和抗洪能力基础上，按坝系相对稳定条件和标准，采用坝系相对稳定系数（坝地面积与坝控集流面积之比）１／２０、暴雨洪水频率２％，对流域内的１０座淤地坝进行加高加固规划，使其达到坝系相对稳定，以实现对流域洪水泥沙的长期控制、坝地作物保收。     

Expectations for population growth at new breeding locations for the vulnerable New Zealand sea lion (Phocarctos hookeri) using a simulation model

Management plans for threatened or recovering large vertebrate species that are increasing in population size and range focus on the establishment of viable populations within set temporal limits. New Zealand (Hookers) sea lions (Phocarctos hookeri) were declared a threatened species in 1997, and New Zealand legislation requires that threatened species of marine mammals must be managed to reduce human-induced mortality and achieve a non-threatened status within 20 years. The present breeding distribution of P. hookeri is highly localised, with over 95% of total annual pup production located at Auckland Islands and almost all of the remainder at Campbell Island. Breeding elsewhere has been ephemeral or restricted to <10 adult females. The only recorded sustainable breeding at a new location has been at Otago, South Island, New Zealand. This breeding population consisted of a total of four breeding females in 2002 and is derived from one immigrant female that gave birth to her first pup in the 1993/1994 breeding season. The New Zealand Department of Conservation management plan specifies that to achieve a non-threatened status P. hookeri (1) at Otago must increase in the number of breeding females to ?10, and (2) must establish ?two new breeding locations within the 20-year time frame, each with ?10 breeding females. This study 1) projects the population growth trends at a new location (Otago) to see if it will achieve ?10 breeding females within the legislated time frame, and (2) examines the likelihood that other breeding locations will establish elsewhere given the demographic information available for this species. We present 20 deterministic and three stochastic Leslie matrix model scenarios for female population growth for the initial years following the start of breeding at a new location. Our results indicate that (1) a new breeding population derived from one immigrant female is unlikely to reach 10 breeding females in 20 years; this duration is more likely to be 23-41 years (deterministic models) or 23-26 years (stochastic model), (2) the likelihood of two new sites establishing within 20 years is unquantifiable, but the probability is low, and (3) if the legislated outcome and time limit are not revised in the population management plan, the feasibility and effectiveness of re-locating young females could be investigated.     

Introduction of Action Plan of Forestry Sustainable Development of Qinzhou-Fangchenggang area, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China

Guanngxi Autonomous Region is an important tropical forestry region in south of China. The main purpose of this research supported by FAO is to generate action plan for sustainable forestry development of this region. Through two-year broad and deep investigation, the programme of the action plant has been made, which includes 12 fields, 38 projects, with duration of 5 years.