典型烤烟烟叶的热解动力学模型研究

[目的]通过热分析手段来研究烟草的热解动力学行为.[方法]利用C80微量量热仪研究了等容条件下典型烤烟烟叶热分解性能的影响,并对此进行了分析,确立了其热解动力学模型.[结果]研究表明,SY-1热分解过程分为3个比较明显的放热峰,均位于100～275℃,果胶和半纤维素热解所产生的热量在整个热解过程中处于主导地位;随着升温速率的增加,SY-1的初始分解温度、3个峰的峰值温度增大;从0.2到0.8 K/s的升温速率范围内,SY-1的热解反应动力学机理保持不变,热解动力学模型可用文中所述方程式表示.[结论]研究烟叶的热解特性对于进一步探讨烟支的燃烧特性、改善卷烟产品的燃吸品质具有重要的意义.     

Isolation of peroxisomal enoyl-CoA hydratase in rainbow trout and immunochemical identification with the bifunctional enzyme

Peroxisomes are the sites for β-oxidation of long-chain fatty acids. The peroxisomal bifunctional enzyme (PBE) enoyl-CoA hydratase, 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase catalyzes the second and third reactions of the β-oxidation system. Originally termed PPA-80 for peroxisome-proliferation associated 80,000 MW polypeptide, PBE levels are monitored to measure peroxisome proliferation in rodents and other species. The quantity of a 79,000 MW polypeptide in the light mitochondrial fraction of the liver, as analyzed by SDS-PAGE, increases when rainbow trout are exposed to peroxisome proliferating agents. This correlates with increases in acyl-CoA oxidase activity and peroxisome volume density. In the present study, peroxisomal enoyl-CoA hydratase was purified from trout liver and analyzed by immunoblotting with anti-PBE. A positive reaction with the 79,000 MW polypeptide band was observed providing strong evidence that this is the bifunctional enzyme.     

DMSO和Tween-80对黄芩悬浮细胞系的影响

采用植物细胞悬浮培养技术研究了有机溶剂二甲基亚砜（DMSO）和表面活性剂Tween-80对黄芩细胞悬浮系的影响。结果表明：0.5%，1%，5%（v/v）DMSO对黄芩悬浮细胞的生长没有促进作用。在黄芩细胞培养的后期（12d）添加浓度分别为0.5%、1%（v/v）的Tween-80对细胞的生长具有促进作用。5%（v/v）的DMSO和5%（v/v）的Tween-80对悬浮细胞内黄芩甙的积累都具有抑制作用，但能显著促进黄芩甙的胞外释放。     

Development and characterization of mouse monoclonal antibodies reactive with chicken CD80

This study was carried out to develop and characterize mouse monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against chicken CD80 (chCD80). A recombinant plasmid containing a chCD80/horse IgG4 fusion gene was constructed and expressed in CHO cells to produce recombinant chCD80/IgG4 protein. Chicken CD80 was purified from the chCD80/IgG4 fusion protein following enterokinase digestion, and used to immunize BALB/c mice, resulting in 158 hybridomas that produced mAbs against chCD80. Three mAbs with high binding specificity for recombinant chCD80/IgG4-transfected CHO cells were identified by flow cytometry, and one of these (#112) was selected for further characterization. Immunoprecipitation of CD80/IgG4-CHO cell extract, or lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated monocytes identified 35.0 kDa proteins. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed chCD80-expressing cells exclusively in the bursal follicles at the outer portion of the cortex, and throughout the red pulp and the outer boundary of the white pulp in the spleen. By immunofluorescence microscopy, chCD80 was observed on intestinal dendritic cells. LPS treatment of bursa or spleen monocytes for 24 or 48 h increased chCD80 expression. Finally, addition of chCD80 mAb to Con A-stimulated spleen cells inhibited the expression of major histocompatibility complex class II antigens and IL-2-driven proliferation of lymphoblast cells. In summary, these chCD80 mAbs will serve as valuable immunological reagents for basic and applied poultry immunology research.     

大白菜新品种石绿80的选育

石绿80大白菜的母本为自交不亲和系87-10-1,父本为自交不亲和系88-9-1。该一代杂种具有优质、抗病、高产、适应性强等优良性状,一般667m^2产量为7000～8000kg,比对照冀白菜六号增产20.7%,适于河北、山西、河南等地种植。     

直径1422 mm X80管道环焊接头应变能力数值模拟方法

鉴于高钢级管材的组织特征及焊缝失效对于管道安全的重要影响,管道环焊缝承载能力成为当前管道行业的研究热点,以中俄东线全自动焊口为研究对象,准确考虑环焊接头根焊、热影响区、母材、填充焊4个区域材料本构关系的差异性,基于有限元方法建立了分析管道环焊接头应变能力的数值仿真模型。定量分析了母材屈强比、运行内压、载荷类型等组合工况下焊缝强度匹配系数等对管道环焊缝裂纹扩展驱动力的影响。采用静裂纹起裂的失效判定方法,以表观断裂韧性值为临界准则,结合中俄东线管材及环焊接头材料特性参数实际变化范围,计算了在设计工况范围内最不利条件下中俄东线环焊接头的应变能力。结果表明:提高焊缝区强度匹配能够有效减小接头的裂纹扩展驱动力,增加管道内压或提高母材屈强比会使相同强度匹配条件下的裂纹扩展驱动力更大,拉伸载荷下的裂纹扩展驱动力要大于弯曲载荷下的裂纹扩展驱动力。该方法既可以用于根据焊接接头性能要求指导焊接参数的确定,也可以用于在役管道含缺陷焊接接头的适用性评价。     

Z80CPU构成实时测控专用微机优化设计

讨论用 Z80 CPU 构成最小系统的若干优化对策.通过软硬件的密切配合简化了接口设计,从而大量节约了芯片、降低了成本,并提高了抗干扰能力.该方法在小系统实时测控专用微机设计及智能仪器设计中具有较现实的意义.     

长白山原始红松阔叶林及其次生林细根分解动态和氮元素的变化

该文采用网袋分解法对长白山不同演替状态的原始红松阔叶林、白桦山杨成熟林和白桦山杨幼林中优势树种的细根分解动态及其氮元素的变化进行了研究.研究表明:在3块样地中,细根分解初期速率较快,然后趋于缓慢.在原始红松阔叶林中,水曲柳细根的分解最快,红松次之,而紫椴细根的分解最慢.在白桦山杨成熟林和幼林中,山杨的细根分解均比白桦细根快.细根的分解不仅受其本身化学性质的影响,而且也受到周围环境的影响.在原始红松阔叶林的演替过程中,细根分解过程中会释放或富集氮元素.温度较低和降雨较少的春秋季节,细根分解过程中主要表现为释放氮元素,而温度较高和降雨较多的夏季,则表现为富集氮元素.      

不同强度匹配的X80钢环焊接头力学性能及变形能力

环焊接头的强度匹配与韧性对管道服役安全至关重要。为了更深入掌握环焊缝的失效机理,采用力学性能测试、微观分析等方法,测试了两种不同强度匹配的高铌X80钢环焊接头的组织和性能,并借助数字图像相关法(Digital Image Correlation,DIC)研究了焊接接头在拉伸载荷下的应变行为。结果表明:低强匹配与高强匹配的环焊接头均具有较好的冲击韧性,二者的夏比冲击吸收能量平均值相当。在拉伸载荷下,应变集中最先出现在环焊缝的根焊及热影响区部位。随着拉伸载荷的增加,高强匹配环焊接头的应变集中逐渐转移至母材,管道承受轴向载荷及变形的能力大于低强匹配环焊接头;低强匹配环焊接头虽具有较好的韧性,但因其在焊缝及热影响区存在塑性应变累积效应,易发生断裂。(图9,表4,参22)     

抗病优质丰产甘蓝新品种秦甘80选育及其目标性状鉴定

秦甘80是利用具有抗病优质和配合力高的两个自交不亲和系B2523-3-2和FT6358-3-3配育成的杂交一代,为中熟甘蓝新品种,定植到叶球收获80d左右。植株综合经济性状优良,抗TuMV、Br、CMV 3种病害;中心柱6.2cm,紧实度0.53,帮叶比25.8％;叶质脆甜,富含营养物质,100g鲜重含粗蛋白1.125g,粗纤维0.514g,可溶性糖2.21g,VB_1208.97mg;平均产量75 980.3kg/hm~2,比对照京丰一号增产18.8％。