白三叶草中绿原酸的提取及含量测定

采用70％的甲醇溶液为提取剂,索氏提取法对白三叶草中绿原酸进行提取,HPLC法对其中绿原酸进行检测。Luna C18柱（4．6nml×150mm,5μm）,流动相为乙腈-0．4％磷酸溶液（体积比1：9）,波长327nm,流速1．0mL／min。绿原酸在0．240～3．600μg呈良好线性关系,相关系数r为0．9996。结果表明白三叶草中含有绿原酸且含量较高。     

豫东地区白三叶草坪昆虫群落调查及分析

对河南省豫东地区主要城市白三叶草坪昆虫群落进行调查,以期为豫东地区白三叶草坪害虫的综合治理提供科学依据。调查鉴定结果表明,豫东地区白三叶草坪昆虫群落包括13目41科93种,其中害虫种类67种,天敌25种,杂食性昆虫1种。害虫的优势种包括中黑盲蝽、大豆蚜、烟粉虱、花蓟马、棉尖卷叶蛾、暗黑鳃金龟、黄斑跳甲、甜菜夜蛾等,不同季节优势种不同,它们是综合治理的主要对象。     

白车轴草夏枯病菌的生物学特性及药剂敏感性

对白车轴草夏枯病菌Rhizoctonia solani AG-1-IB的生物学特性及药剂敏感性进行了研究。结果表明:病菌菌丝生长适宜温度为25~30℃,最适温度28℃,菌核形成适宜温度为15~30℃,最适温度28℃;最适菌丝生长的培养基为PSA,最适菌核形成的培养基为PDA;最适菌丝生长的碳源为Richard培养基,最适菌核生长的碳源为可溶性淀粉;以L-精氨酸为氮源的培养基最适菌丝生长,L-α-丙氨酸为菌核形成最佳氮源;p H5.0~10.0适宜菌丝生长,p H 6.0菌核产量最高;半光照利于菌丝生长,全光照利于菌核形成。药剂敏感性研究表明,病菌对吡唑醚菌酯、肟菌·戊唑醇、咯菌腈、多粘类芽孢杆菌、唑醚·代森联、异菌脲和多菌灵的敏感性较高,EC501.0 mg/L,EC905.0 mg/L,可进一步用于田间试验。     

未腐菇渣替代草炭作为三叶草育苗基质的研究

为了缓解草炭资源短缺的压力,实现菌渣废弃物的资源化,提高农民增收和企业效益,以不同含量的未腐熟菌渣做育苗基质,对比市场常规配方(蛭石∶珍珠岩∶草炭=1∶1∶3)和园土,分析了不同含量菌渣对基质理化性质和三叶草出苗率的影响。结果表明,未腐菌渣可以提高基质的通气性,可以部分甚至全部取代市场常规配方中的草炭;添加未腐菌渣能提高基质有机质和全磷含量,同时也会使EC值增高,但菌渣含量在60%以下时EC值均在适宜范围内;未腐菌渣含量在25%时,与市场常规配方相比效果无明显差异,且以配比T5(菌渣∶蛭石∶珍珠岩∶草炭=1∶1∶1∶1)出苗率最高(55.56%),即菌渣部分替代草炭的复合有机基质效果最好。     

Influence of single applications of nitrogen on white clover nitrogen fixation in autumn and winter dairy pastures in south‐west Victoria,Australia

Abstract

Effects of nitrogen (N) (0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 kg N ha^?1) applied at five different times during autumn and early winter on the N fixation of Trifolium repens L. (white clover) in Lolium perenne L. (perennial ryegrass) / white clover pastures were examined (Experiment 1). Effects of applying different N fertilisers (e.g. urea and ammonium nitrate) at 45 kg N ha^?1 in autumn, with and without phosphorus (P), potassium (K) and sulphur (S) on N fixation were also tested (Experiment 2). In Experiment 1, percentage N derived from the atmosphere (percent Ndfa) by white clover varied between 87% and 91% in the period after (24 to 36 days) N application. Increasing rates of N and time of application did not influence percent Ndfa. The amount of N fixed by white clover ranged from 0.8 to 3.7 kg N ha^?1 in the period after N application. Increasing rates of applied N produced a significant (P<0.05) linear increase in the amount of N fixed. In Experiment 2, percent Ndfa and amount of N fixed (1.9 to 4.1 kg N ha^?1) were unaffected by different N fertilisers, with and without P, K and S, in the period after (37 days) fertiliser application. For both experiments, fertiliser N increased dry matter yield while having no effect on white clover composition. It is concluded that single applications of N during the autumn and early winter benefit pasture growth without adversely affecting white clover N fixation or clover composition. This finding, however, will require further investigation.     

超声波提取红三叶异黄酮工艺的研究

对利用超声波提取红三叶异黄酮的工艺进行了研究。结果表明,通过正交试验确定出最佳工艺条件为:乙醇体积分数为95%;乙醇用量(固液比)为11∶0;提取时间为20 min;提取温度为20℃。     

Pasture legumes differ in herbage production and quality throughout spring,impacting their potential role in fodder conservation and animal production

This study reports on the herbage production and quality of a range of pasture legume species during spring, at three sites with moderate to strongly acidic soils in southern NSW, Australia. These data have enabled prediction of livestock production when legumes are conserved as silage or hay. Total herbage production, its timing and quality differed significantly between species, which generally was not predicted by the traditional metric of time to flowering. Trifolium incarnatum L., T. michelianum L., Biserrula pelecinus L., Ornithopus sativus Brot. and Hedysarum coronarium L. all maintained growth rates exceeding 200 kg DM/ha/d for 4 weeks over spring, while T. vesiculosum Savi. maintained this for 6 weeks, with a peak growth rate of 561 kg DM/ha/d. Herbage quality of all species declined over time and was greatest in species with a rapid increase in stem‐to‐leaf ratio or with weak stems, resulting in lodging. The modelling inferred that maximizing potential livestock production via fodder conservation required earlier cutting. Only the indeterminate species B. pelecinus and Ornithopus spp. increased potential liveweight gain per hectare through delayed harvesting from (probable) silage to hay‐making time.     

白车轴草对冬季富营养化水体总磷净化效果研究

冬季是大多数水生植物处于衰亡的时期,植物资源匮乏,不利于植物对富营养化水体的周年净化,因此筛选适合于水生的旱生植物来修复富营养化水体是生态修复的发展方向。采用水盆浮板栽培技术,首次研究了白车轴草(Tri-folium repens Linn.)在冬季对成都犀池富营养化人工湖泊中主要元素磷的净化效果及动态过程,并与凤眼莲(Eichhorniacrassipes Solms.)的净化效果进行了对比。结果表明,浮板白车轴草在试验期间生长良好,对富营养化水体中总磷具有非常明显的净化效果,当投放量为1.25 g/L时,对总磷的去除率48 d内可达80%,并且重复性好,对总磷的去除过程拟合曲线符合三次方程。与凤眼莲相比较,白车轴草在冬季更易存活且对磷的净化效果更佳。     

Forage quality of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) × Caucasian clover (T. ambiguum M. Bieb.) hybrids and their grass companion when grown over three harvest years

Interspecific hybrids between white clover (Trifolium repens L.) and Caucasian clover (Trifolium ambiguum M. Bieb.) have been developed to introgress the rhizomatous growth habit into white clover, to increase persistence and drought tolerance. The forage quality of T. repens, T. ambiguum and the backcross 1 (BC1) and backcross 2 (BC2) hybrids and companion grass, when grown in mixtures with an intermediate perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) under a cutting‐only management, was measured. In vitro dry‐matter digestibility (DMD), water‐soluble carbohydrate (WSC) and crude protein (CP) concentrations of the legume and grass fractions were measured throughout the growing season over three harvest years. Trifolium repens had a lower WSC but a higher CP concentration than the perennial ryegrass companion in all harvest years and at all cuts. The legume fractions from the BC1 and BC2 hybrid plots had a higher WSC and a lower CP concentration but an in vitro DMD value comparable with white clover throughout the growing season and in each harvest year. The grass fractions from the mixtures with the backcross hybrids had a higher WSC and a lower CP concentration than the grass fraction from the T. repens plots, in all harvest years and throughout the growing season. No difference in in vitro DMD between parental species and backcross hybrids was observed. The implications of these results for the development of these hybrids and animal performance are discussed.     

Effect of temperature on germination and early growth of subterranean clover, capeweed and Wimmera ryegrass

Germination of annual pasture species was studied under controlled‐environment conditions in south‐western Australia at temperatures in the range from 4°C to 35°C. Subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum) and Wimmera ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) had a germination of 90% between 12°C and 29°C, whereas capeweed (Arctotheca calendula) had a high germination percentage in a much narrower temperature range with an optimum of 25°C. Growth of subterranean clover, capeweed and Wimmera ryegrass between 28 and 49 days after sowing (DAS) was also studied at two photon flux densities, 13 and 30 mol m^?2 d^?1, and at diel temperatures in the range from 15/10°C to 33/28°C. Pasture species grown at a density of 1000 plants m^?2 accumulated at least twice the amount of shoot dry matter when subjected to temperatures of 21/16°C and 27/22°C, compared with a lower temperature of 15/10°C and a higher temperature of 33/28°C. Except at the highest temperature and at high photon flux density, capeweed had lower green area indices (GAI) than the other two species at 28 DAS. Crop growth rates between 28 and 49 DAS were higher in Wimmera ryegrass than in the other two species, whereas subterranean clover had a lower relative growth rate than the other two species at all temperatures and both photon flux densities. Subterranean clover and capeweed intercepted a greater proportion of the incident radiation compared with Wimmera ryegrass. The values of radiation interception and GAI were used to estimate the number of DAS to reach 75% radiation interception [f_(0·75)]. The number of days to reach f_(0·75) decreased with increasing temperature from 15/10°C to reach a minimum at 27/22°C. The time taken to achieve f_(0·75) was always shorter by about 10 d when the photon flux density was 30 mol m^?2 d^?1 in the autumn compared with 13 mol m^?2 d^?1 in the winter. These results are discussed in relation to the early growth of annual pasture in the field.