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21.
Comparing mating designs to restore seed production of interspecific hybrids between Trifolium repens (white clover) and Trifolium uniflorum
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Muhammad Naeem Isabelle Marjorie Verry Peter D. Kemp James P. Millner Warren Mervyn Williams 《Plant Breeding》2017,136(3):420-426
Interspecific hybrids between Trifolium uniflorum and cultivated white clover (Trifolium repens) have highly useful characteristics for temperate pastoral systems derived from both parent species. However, the early hybrids (F1 and BC1) also have unacceptably poor seed production for commerce. This study analysed the basis for the poor seed production and investigated breeding strategies for overcoming the problem. The BC1F1 generation produced lower‐than‐expected numbers of heads per plant and seeds per floret. Backcrossing of selected hybrids to white clover corrected these deficiencies and created new variation. Seed numbers were also returned to near target levels by recurrent selection within the BC1 generation. Thus, it was possible to retain a theoretical average of 25% of T. uniflorum genome and still achieve high seed production per plant. The BC1F2 and BC2F1 generations produced high seed numbers per plant, along with reasonable variation. Both of these second‐generation hybrid forms have high reproductive potential and should be the focus for the selection of the desired combinations of agronomic and seed production traits. 相似文献
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[目的]研究豆链格孢菌(Alternaria azukiae)对寄主白三叶草(Trifolium repens L.)生理生化特性的影响。[方法]采用盆栽试验研究豆链格孢菌对寄主白三叶草生长及活性氧代谢系统的影响。[结果]与对照株相比,感菌株株高矮小,单株鲜重明显降低,分别为对照株的83.27%和47.06%;叶片发黄,叶绿素含量下降,蛋白质含量明显降低;破坏了叶片膜结构,丙二醛(MDA)含量显著上升,感菌9d后,处理组是对照组的1.33倍;活性氧清除系统遭到破坏,超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性均显著下降,感菌9d后,处理组较对照组分别下降了34.70%和45.00%。[结论]了解了胁迫条件下白三叶草的生长情况及活性氧代谢系统的变化进程和变化规律,为探索白三叶草对豆链格孢菌的抗病机制及其抗病遗传育种提供了参考。 相似文献
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R. P. Mauro A. Occhipinti A. M. G. Longo G. Mauromicale 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2011,197(1):57-66
A field‐experiment (2004/2005 and 2005/2006 seasons) was conducted in the coastal plain of south‐eastern Sicily (37°03′N, 15°18′E, 15 m a.s.l.), on a Calcixerollic Xerochrepts soil, aimed at quantifying the effect of shading on chlorophyll (Chl) content, Chl fluorescence, photosynthesis and growth of subterranean clover. Four levels of photosynthetically active radiation reduction (from 0 % to 90 %) were tested on Trifolium brachycalycinum cv. ‘Clare’ and Trifolium subterraneum ecotype ‘Ragalna’. In both species shading progressively increased Fv/Fm, internal CO2 concentration, diffusive leaf resistance and specific leaf area (up to 8 %, 34 %, 18 % and 68 %, respectively), and decreased Chl content, Tmax, photosynthetic rate and plant dry weight (up to 9 %, 24 %, 79 % and 39 %, respectively). As plants aged, characteristic bell‐shaped trends were evident for photosynthetic parameters, with Fv/Fm increasing up until the onset of flowering, and thereafter declining. This implies that Fv/Fm may be a useful indicator of earliness in subterranean clover genotypes. The aboveground dry biomass response to shading was both genotype‐ and season‐dependent, but was predictable from the measurement of relative leaf Chl content. Moreover, our results suggest that an improvement in the interaction between host‐rhizobium may represent a major potential breeding target for enhancing subterranean clover tolerance to shading. 相似文献
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研究了白三叶无性系植物种群,在相互连接的分株之间生理上相互依存的程度。结果显示子代在生理上取决于母株资源的转移,这一依赖性随时间而下降。相互连接的分株,一部分被遮荫至10%,而照光分株光合速率明显增加。光被限制期间,分株将重新整合,遮荫分株无性系中由其它分株提供同化物。在子代匍匐茎数目和长度上有一个权衡。当资源受限制时,产生极少较长的子代匍匐茎,结果提高了子代能够占据更有利条件的可能性。在分株之间,生理整合作用降低了子代建立所面临的危险,使同源分株在资源的可利用能力上整合到一个局部的异质环境,增加同源分株间的竞争能力,缓冲所面对的局部微生境的选择。 相似文献
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T. A. Williams M. T. Abberton D. R. Evans W. Thornley I. Rhodes 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2000,185(2):121-128
Two medium leaf size varieties of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) were grown in mixture with a range of grass species and varieties in a field experiment conducted over 4 years. The clovers were grown singly or as a blend in swards with a tetraploid perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), a diploid Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.) or tetraploid hybrids between these two species (Lolium x boucheanum Kunth). These grasses were also grown in monoculture. Swards were managed in a regime involving two periods of sheep grazing, two periods of cattle grazing and a silage cut in the same year for 4 years. The objectives of this experiment were 3‐fold: (1) to examine the yield and persistency of white clover in highly productive systems with modern perennial, hybrid and Italian ryegrasses; (2) to compare the performance of white clover varieties grown singly in mixture with grasses with their performance together as a blend, and (3) to examine the persistency of new Italian ryegrass varieties, exemplified by AberComo. The clover content of the sward remained high throughout the experiment, with a mean of 31 % overall. Differences in clover yield between plots were largely attributable to the effects of companion grasses. Total yields were very similar in plots containing different clover varieties and in plots where these varieties had been grown singly or as a blend. Grass yields in mixture were greater than those in monoculture but showed similar relative rankings. The diploid Italian ryegrass variety AberComo showed an unexpectedly high yield in the 4th year of the experiment. The implications of these results for strategies for productive, sustainable agriculture using modern white clover and ryegrass varieties are discussed. 相似文献
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Several authors have suggested that edible plants could avoid herbivory by mimicking olfactory cues of toxic plants. However, very few studies have been carried out to test this hypothesis. The aims of the present study were to identify the volatiles of three clover species and to test whether a species lacking chemical defences, such as red clover, could avoid being grazed by rabbits by mimicking the volatiles of the cyanogenic white clover. Two main volatiles were identified in all three clover species, and a further two volatiles were present in white clover only. Rabbits presented with a choice between white clover, red clover and red clover sprayed with white clover extract ate significantly more red clover than white or white-flavoured red clover. The results suggest that the volatiles of toxic plants could be used and exploited as a source of natural, safe and effective repellents to control the impact of pest herbivores on plants. 相似文献
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采用盆栽苗期模拟盐胁迫的方法,对不同NaCl胁迫下46份偃麦草种质材料的地上生物量、地下生物量、叶片枯黄率进行测定,并对其耐盐性进行综合评价。结果表明,随盐浓度的增加,偃麦草的地上生物量、地下生物量的响应机制并不一致,而叶片枯黄率则呈现上升趋势;46份偃麦草种质耐盐性存在较大的差异,地上生物量、地下生物量、叶片枯黄率半致死盐浓度变异系数依次为42.48%~43.37%,26.9%~38.6%,18.98%;隶属函数综合分析认为,偃麦草材料的耐盐性从强到弱依次为E35、E14、E42、E25、E31、E26、E39、E36、E41、E22、E15、E21、E19、E34、E38、E16、E44、E02、E03、E37、E07、E18、E49、E46、E10、E48、E30、E04、E06、E08、E50、E24、E17、E27、E43、E40、E29、E28、E32、E11、E33、E23、E09、E13、E01、E12。 相似文献
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