多孢木霉HZ-31菌株侵染对野燕麦生理机制的影响

选用青海农田常见杂草野燕麦作为靶标杂草,盆栽接种后测定了多孢木霉HZ-31菌株对野燕麦体内各种生理指标的影响,分析了寄主与病原菌相互作用的生理变化机制.结果表明,多孢木霉HZ-31菌株侵染野燕麦后,对植株生理机制防御酶的影响是多方面的,PAL和POD活性增加,以抵御菌株侵染,其余生理防御指标包括MDA含量、CAT、PP...     

木霉菌对抑制梨轮纹菌的生理特性研究

梨轮纹病菌被木霉菌感染后,多酚氧化酶(PPO)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性最终下降;丙二醛(MDA)含量和超氧阴离子(O2-)产生速率上升。初步确定,梨轮纹病菌被木霉感染后,活性氧清除系统等被破坏,膜脂过氧化作用加强,是最终导致菌体受害的原因之一。     

产纤维素酶原生质体形成和再生条件选择

研究了4种营养缺陷型产纤维素酶的原生质体形成和再生条件。结果表明,它们原生质体形成条件均以0．2mol.L^-1（pH5.8)磷酸缓冲液为好。绿色木霉（Trichoderma viride)UV2-11和另一未定木霉（T．sp.)UV2-2以0．2mol.L^-1KCl的渗透稳定剂为好,菌丝菌龄分别为20,18－20h;康宁木霉（T.Toningii)UV2-15以0．6mol.L^-1NaCl的渗透稳定剂为好,菌丝菌龄均为16－20h,酶解时间均为2－3h。原生质体再生培养基以加入0．5％酵母膏和0．5％泛酸钙钙的改良Czapek培养基效果好,用0．7mol.L^-1KCl和NaCl作为渗透稳定剂。菌株原生质体的生率较高。     

木薯炭疽病拮抗木霉菌筛选与室内防效研究

本文对木薯炭疽病的病原进行鉴定,筛选和鉴定拮抗该病原物的木霉菌,并测定了其室内防效.通过组织分离法和柯赫氏法则,明确了引起木薯炭疽病的病原菌为胶孢炭疽菌Colletotrichum gloeosporioides;采用平板对峙试验,从15株木霉菌中筛选获得3株对胶孢炭疽菌具有较强抑制作用的木霉菌LG004-52、LS0...     

化肥减施条件下木霉菌生物有机肥对西瓜生长及产量的影响

为探寻减肥条件下西瓜的施肥配方,研究了4个不同施肥处理(T1,不施肥料;T2,常规施肥;T3,在常规施肥基础上减施30％化肥;T4,木霉菌生物有机肥+减施30％化肥)对西瓜产量与品质的影响.试验结果表明,施用木霉菌生物有机肥可显著增加西瓜植株的株高、茎粗、叶片SPAD值以及果实可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、VC含量;产量、产值...     

短密木霉菌株GAS1-1的分离鉴定、拮抗作用及其生物学特性

为了解短密木霉Trichoderma brevicompactum对植物病害的生防作用及其生物学特性,利用稀释平板分离法从甘肃省景泰县马铃薯连作田植株根际土壤中分离获得1株木霉菌株GAS1-1,经形态观察、rDNA-ITS和EF-1α序列分析明确其分类地位;用生物学方法研究该菌的营养生长和产孢条件;采用对峙培养法测定该菌株对5种植物病原真菌的抑制作用。结果表明,基于形态学特征和基因序列分析结果,菌株GAS1-1被鉴定为短密木霉Trichoderma brevicompactum,为甘肃省木霉新记录种。该菌株对玉米镰孢茎腐病菌Fusarium graminearum、玉米穗腐病菌F. verticillioides、棉花枯萎病菌F. oxysporum、玉米腐霉茎腐病菌Pythium inflatum和灰葡萄孢霉Botrytis cinerea均具有较好的拮抗效果,尤其对玉米腐霉茎腐病菌的抑制作用最好,抑菌率达100.00%。该菌株营养生长和产孢的最适碳源和氮源分别为葡萄糖和酵母膏;其在15～35℃均可生长,菌丝最适生长温度为30℃,最佳产孢温度为25℃;在pH 5～12的培养基上菌丝均可生长,菌丝最适生长和产孢的pH均为5;24 h黑暗条件下菌丝营养生长最快,12 h光暗交替条件有利于产孢;孢子致死温度为69℃,10 min。表明短密木霉菌株GAS1-1具有较好的生防应用潜力。     

Production of chitinolytic enzymes with Trichoderma longibrachiatum IMI 92027 in solid substrate fermentation

Thirty Trichoderma strains representing 15 species within the genus have been screened for extracellular production of chitinolytic enzymes in solid substrate fermentation (SSF). T.longibrachiatum IMI 92027 (=ATCC 36838) gave the highest yield (5.0 IU/g dry matter of substrate) after 3 days of fermentation on wheat bran-crude chitin (9:1 mixture) medium. The optimum moisture content (66.7%), chitin content (20%), initial pH of the medium (2-5) and time course (5 d) of SSF were determ…     

4种木霉对核盘菌的抑制作用

通过对峙培养以及对木霉菌(Trichoderma spp.)次生代谢物对病原菌的抑菌率进行了测定,结果表明,供试哈茨木霉(T.harzianum)、绿色木霉(T.viride)、康氏木霉(T.koningii),以及一株未知种名的木霉菌株TY(Trichoderma sp.)均对核盘菌(Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib) de Bary)有明显的抑制作用.在对峙培养中,木霉菌菌落与核盘菌的菌落相向生长一定时间后,挑取核盘菌菌落内部的菌丝进行镜检,发现有木霉菌孢子存在,且核盘菌发生菌丝变形,如原生质浓缩,菌丝断裂,或菌丝消解等现象.并发现不同种木霉所产生的次生代谢物的活性不同,对核盘菌的抑制作用也存在显著差异.     

The potential of nonpathogenic Fusarium oxysporum and other biological control organisms for suppressing fusarium wilt of banana

The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of nonpathogenic F. oxysporum and Trichoderma isolates from suppressive soils in South Africa to suppress fusarium wilt of banana in the glasshouse. Several biological control agents and commercial biological control products were included in the study. The isolates were first screened in vitro on potato dextrose agar. In glasshouse evaluations, the fungal and bacterial isolates were established on banana roots before they were replanted in pathogen-infested soil, while the commercial biocontrol agents were applied as directed by the supplier. Banana plantlets were evaluated for disease development after 7 weeks. In vitro tests showed none of the nonpathogenic isolates suppressed Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense ( Foc ), while slight suppression was observed with the two Trichoderma isolates. Results of the glasshouse evaluations revealed that two of the nonpathogenic F. oxysporum isolates, CAV 255 and CAV 241, reduced fusarium wilt incidence by 87·4 and 75·0%, respectively. The known biological control agent Fo47 did not suppress Foc significantly. Pseudomonas fluorescens strain WCS 417, known for its ability to suppress other fusarium wilt diseases (WCS 417), reduced disease incidence by 87·4%. These isolates should be further evaluated for potential application in the field, independently and in combination.     

里氏木霉利用玉米秸秆形成类胡敏酸（HAL）的特异性研究

为探明里氏木霉(Trichoderma reesei)在腐殖化过程中,不同培养时间下利用玉米秸秆得到的培养产物(HLS)的碱提取物——类胡敏酸(HAL)的结构特征是否具有与土壤胡敏酸相似的特异性,通过固体培养的方式模拟秸秆堆肥,在玉米秸秆中添加里氏木霉进行为期30 d的腐殖化培养,并以灭菌后不添加微生物的处理作为对照,在培养的0、15、30 d采样观察研究。通过元素组成、红外光谱及差热的技术手段对里氏木霉利用玉米秸秆形成的类胡敏酸(HAL)进行分析,与土壤的胡敏酸(HA)比较观察其特异性。对比CK,在模拟腐殖化的过程中,接种里氏木霉可以显著改变其HAL的结构特征,其芳香性/脂族性的比例变化符合多酚学说。里氏木霉可以在30 d内将HAL的元素结构集中在O/C=0.528、H/C=1.322左右,与土壤HA的O/C值、H/C值差异缩减了71.08%、49.25%,使其更加接近土壤HA的结构特征。总体来看,里氏木霉在分解矿化玉米秸秆中纤维素和木质素的同时,可以有效促进玉米秸秆向腐殖质的转化,其形成的HAL的结构变化支持了多酚学说。里氏木霉培养下的HAL可随着腐殖化培养时间的增加,与土壤HA的结构特征差异持续缩小,逐渐具有特异性。