南粤居住区园林植物应用现状调查

通过对南粤地区6个居住区园林工程项目的绿化设计进行调查,收集南粤居住区常用的植物种类以及使用量,此总结了居住区绿地规划设计中园林植物品种选择的规律,为华南地区园林苗圃的生产提供参考。     

不同土层深度土壤性质对黄土地区果树黄化的影响

对黄土地区黄化和非黄化的果园不同深度土壤性状进行分析,结果表明:在对黄化有显著影响的因素中,不同土壤性状对黄化的影响的主要深度不同,但大多数土壤性状在两类果园土壤间都在40～60cm差异显著性达到0.01水平。果园土壤施肥量增大,导致氮磷钾等养分与铁比例失调是近年来黄土地区果树黄化加重的重要原因。     

非邻域相干系数估计的PolInSAR树高反演算法

为了提高全极化干涉合成孔径雷达树高反演精度,提出了一种基于非邻域窗口相干系数估计的Pol In SAR树木高度反演算法。该算法首先求取4对全极化干涉SAR图像的最优干涉相位图,再以局部窗口内像素的幅度和相位联合条件概率密度为准则选取与当前像素满足独立同分布的样本,进而获得相干系数的准确估计值,最后采用三段法进行树木高度反演。对仿真数据的处理结果表明,所提算法能够提高观测场景中树木高度的反演精度,并且能够很好地保持图像中的边界细节信息。     

履带车辆自适应预瞄跟踪模糊控制算法

针对现有单边制动履带车辆跟踪控制算法同周期内并行控制难、跟踪精度低、转向控制次数较多等问题,该研究以电控化改装后江苏筑水农机 3B55 型履带运输车为试验平台,开展单边制动履带车辆路径跟踪控制算法研究。通过单边制动履带车辆运动学分析,构建车辆预瞄跟踪模型,提出一种预瞄跟踪模糊控制算法,将横向偏差与航向偏差作为多输入输出模糊控制器输入参数,实现车辆同一控制周期内转向与直线行驶的并行控制。为了优化车辆路径跟踪精度与转向控制次数,提出改进麻雀搜索算法(sparrow search algorithm, SSA)的自适应前视距求解算法,考虑车辆的横向偏差和转向路径角度约束,解析较优前视距离,通过仿真和田间试验对算法进行跟踪精度与转向控制次数综合评价。仿真结果表明：基于自适应预瞄跟踪模糊控制算法跟踪多角度规划路径时,车辆转向控制次数为89次,误差面积为1.74 m²。田间作业路况下,由于试验路面起伏不平,并且随速度增加车辆跟踪精度下降,但跟踪精度及转向控制次数随前视距离的变化规律与仿真结果一致,当车辆分别以0.14、0.47和0.83 m/s跟踪路径时,自适应预瞄跟踪模糊控制算法相对于固定前视距离预瞄跟踪模糊控制算法车辆转向控制次数分别减少13.59%、9.87%和11.25%,误差面积分别减少19.93%、48.48%和54.59%,验证了算法的有效性。研究结果可为单边制动履带车辆的农机自动导航技术提供创新思路与技术支撑。     

基于SSA-LSTM的玉米土壤含氧量预测模型

土壤含氧量（Soil oxygen content,SOC）是影响作物生长的重要土壤环境因素之一,具有时序性、不稳定性和非线性等特点,精确预测土壤环境中含氧量的变化趋势,有助于制定更加合理的土壤通气增氧方案。本研究提出基于麻雀搜索算法（Sparrow search algorithm,SSA）和长短时记忆（Long and short-term memory,LSTM）神经网络预测模型,利用国家土壤质量湛江观测实验站记录玉米种植期间的气象环境和土壤环境数据,基于SSA-LSTM模型对SOC变化进行预测及相关性分析,并与传统的BP预测模型、LSTM预测模型、GA-LSTM预测模型及PSO-LSTM预测模型进行对比。试验结果表明,SOC与降雨量、土壤含水率、土壤温度、土壤充气孔隙度相关性极显著,相关系数高于0.8,与大气温度和风速相关性显著,与大气湿度和土壤呼吸速率相关性较弱。SSA-LSTM模型预测精度明显高于其他4组对照预测模型,R2达到0.95979,RMSE仅为0.4917%,MAPE为3.7331%,MAE为 0.3620%,预测值与试验值之间的拟合程度高。本研究可为土壤含氧量变化的精准预测及土壤通气增氧技术的应用推广提供理论支撑与科学依据。     

Growth,yield and fruit quality of ‘Marisol’ clementine grown on four rootstocks in Egypt

To evaluate the most appropriate rootstocks for mandarin production in Egypt, vegetative growth, yield and fruit quality of ‘Marisol’ clementine (as newly introduced cultivar in Egypt) grafted on Sour orange (the common rootstock), Cleopatra mandarin, Carrizo citrange and ‘Swingle’ citrumelo were evaluated under the Egyptian conditions during 2004/2005 and 2005/2006 seasons. Trees were grown in a private farm at ‘Wady El-Mullak’ region, Ismailia Governorate (Latitude, 30°36′ N; longitude, 32°14′ E; Altitude, 10 m above sea level).     

Mechanism of JAK2-STAT3 signaling pathway in ischemic postconditio-ning neuroprotection after cerebral ischemia in tree shrews

AIM: To investigate the regulatory effect of JAK2-STAT3 signaling pathway on the neuroprotection of ischemic postconditioning (IPoC) in tree shrews, and to explore the mechanisms of cerebral injury deterioration after inhibiting the JAK2-STAT3 pathway. METHODS: The model of thrombotic cerebral ischemia was induced by photochemical reaction in tree shrews and the IPoC was established at 4 h after ischemia followed by clipping ipsilateral common carotid artery on the ischemia side for 5 min (3 times). After IPoC and intracerebroventricular injection of AG490 (JAK2 inhibitor), the changes of cerebral infarction area were detected by TTC staining, and the histological and ultrastructural changes of cortical neurons were observed under light and electron microscopes, respectively. The protein levels of t-STAT3 and p-STAT3 in the cortical tissue were determined by Western blot. RESULTS: The neuronal pycnosis, mitochondrial swelling and vanish of the mitochondrial cristae were found in cortical cortex, and the infarction area was (24.78±3.30)% at 24 h after cerebral ischemia. Meanwhile, the phosphorylation level of STAT3 protein in the cortical tissue was significantly increased (P<0.01). The cortical neuronal damage and mitochondrial swelling were decreased after IPoC, the area of cerebral infarction was significantly reduced to (17.67±1.83)% (P<0.01), and the phosphorylation level of STAT3 protein was further increased (P<0.01). However, the neuronal damage was aggravated, the infarction area was expanded to (23.85±2.77)%(P<0.05) after treatment with AG490, and the phosphorylation level of STAT3 protein was also significantly reduced (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: IPoC may reduce cerebral injury by regulating the phosphorylation of STAT3 protein, and inhibition of JAK2-STAT3 signaling pathway may counteract the cerebral protective effect of IPoC and aggravate brain injury.     

基于最小生成树模型的树状灌溉管网的优化设计

针对灌溉管网优化中的管网布置和管径选择问题,以追求管网投资最小为目标,采用结合设计者工程经验的Kruskal算法生成符合工程要求的灌溉管网最小生成树。将管网中的线路根据节点之间的距离进行边权赋值,参与最小生成树求解,保证算法的可用性,并与相关生成树算法进行比较。实例研究表明,该方法能克服局部最优解的缺陷,能快速求解符合工程实际的树状管网布置和管径。     

苹果梨果园土壤营养与叶片营养的调查

对内蒙古河套地区15个苹果梨果园进行土壤与叶片营养调查。结果表明,土壤营养普遍贫瘠,N、P、有机质含量偏低,K含量中等;树体N、Fe含量偏高,P、Ca、Mg、Mn、Cu含量适中,K、Zn含量偏低;土壤与叶片营养主要影响果实的硬度和酸度;提高土壤营养可提高树体营养水平,进而提高果实品质。