不同栽培管理措施对云南古茶树树势恢复的研究

云南省是中国古茶树分布最广、面积最大的省份,但由于对古茶园栽培管理不当,造成很多古茶树衰退。本研究采用科学的栽培管理技术对云南保塘古茶树的树冠、树幅、叶层厚度、新梢生长、鲜叶产量进行分析。结果表明,耕作-施肥-合理留叶采摘春、秋茶-留养夏梢的措施能明显使茶树生长势增强,产量提高。这对加强古茶树的保护及茶叶生产具有重要的意义。     

Digital assessments of soil organic carbon storage using digital maps provided by static and dynamic environmental covariates

Understanding the vertical and lateral distribution of soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil organic carbon density (SOCD) is indispensable for soil use and environmental management because of their vital role in soil quality assessments. Primarily, they are needed in calculating soil organic carbon storage (SOCS). The objective of this research was to provide digital maps of SOC and SOCD variation as well as their uncertainties at multiple standardized depths (H1: 0–5, H2: 5–15, H3: 15–30, H4: 30–60 and H5: 60–100 cm) using a parsimonious model with optimized terrain-related attributes and satellite-derived data. SOCS were evaluated at soil subgroup levels. An area of about 808 km² with varying elevation, plant cover and lithology from the Miandoab region, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran was selected as a case study area. A total of 386 soil samples were collected from 104 profiles comprising various soil genetic horizons. A continuous spline function was then fitted to the target properties in advance of creating a dataset at five standard depth intervals (following the GlobalSoilMap project). These were then grouped into three classes including top (H1), middle (H2, H3 and H4) and bottom (H5) depths to ease interpretation. Static and dynamic covariates (30-m resolution) were derived from a digital elevation model (DEM) and a suite of Landsat-8 spectral imageries, respectively. Four candidate models including stepwise multiple linear regression (SMLR), random forest (RF), cubist (CU) and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) Tree were tested in this study. Finally, the digital maps at 30-m resolution of SOC and SOCD and their uncertainties were prepared using the best-fit model and the bootstrapping method, respectively. Four soil subgroups (Gypsic Haploxerepts, Typic Calcixerepts, Typic Haploxerepts and Xeric Haplocalcids) were identified across the study area. The covariates had variable contributions on the evaluated models. The XGBoost Tree model generally outperformed other models for prediction of SOC and SOCD (R² = 0.60, on average). Regardless of soil subgroups, the uncertainty analysis showed that the SOCD map had a low prediction interval range value indicating high accuracy. Additionally, the highest SOCS and SOCD was observed at the top followed by middle and bottom depths in the study area. All subgroups exhibited a decreasing trend of SOCD with increasing depth. A similar trend was also observed for SOCS. The highest SOCD (on average) was observed in Gypsic Haploxerepts (4.71 kg C/m²) followed by Typic Calcixerepts (4.46 kg C/m²), Typic Haploxerepts (4.45 kg C/m²) and Xeric Haplocalcids (4.40 kg C/m²). Overall, the SOCS normalized by area within soil order boundaries was greater in Inceptisols than Aridisols across the study area. The findings of this study provide critical information for sustainable management of soil resources in the area for agricultural production and environmental health in the Miandoab region of Iran.     

STUDY ON THE TREE GROWTH, ARCHITECTURE AND STAND STRUCTURE OF KOREAN PINE PLANTATION

lNTRODUCTIONTherhythInofKorcanpinegrowingandtrpearchitectUreissubjectedtoitsownl1crcd-ityandforeststructUre.Tl1cil11portantefTcctsofgapdynamicsarethereasonsthatmaketl1cKoreanpinetrceformhighqualityoftimbcr.Whilecurrentn1anagemcntofKoreanpincforestmainlyfocusesonpurestand,thccco-logicalrelationshipsbetWcenKoreanpineandothcrsPecicsinaconununityareneglected,thcprimitivebiologicalconditionislost.TheKo-reanpinetrecsinplantationcasilydivergeonthctOpofmainsten1,thesescverelyaITectthcgrOedqu…     

白花泡桐树冠结构、生长性状的选择对于形改良的影响*

为了改良白花泡桐的干形，对树冠结构，生长性状与干形的遗传相关进行了剖析和通径分析，计算出主要树冠性状、生长性状对于干形的６３个选择指数方程。结果表明，胸径、小枝数、分枝总长、冠表面积和树高对形数，圆满度的决定系数在０．４０５～０．９４０和０．４２６～１．０６４之间。由以上５性状和形数或圆满度组成的综合选择指数方程效果最好。对形数选择遗传进度，相对效率分别为０．１５５和１５９．０１５７％。对圆满度选     

西安高校园林绿化树种的研究

高校园林绿化能够改善校园环境,增进师生身心健康,同时能够为植物学等课程提供现场教学的场所。通过对西安等高校园林绿化树种的调查,得出校园绿化树种的调查结果,提出今后西安校园绿化树种的规划设想:以乡土树种为主,选择抗性强的树种,选好骨干树种,速生树与慢长树相结合,以乔木为主,合理配置其他树种。     

低丘红壤花生南酸枣间作系统研究 IV.光能竞争与剪枝作用

农林间作导致间作花生区域光合有效辐射和花生产量的下降,而且花生产量与光合有效辐射呈极显著正相关,表明了光能竞争是导致农林间作花生产量下降的主要原因。2001年6月初剪枝后,5龄和9龄南酸枣间作系统花生相对光合有效辐射分别从5月份的79.2%和63.4%增加到88.7%和67.5%; 但随着南酸枣生长,5龄和9龄南酸枣间作系统中7月份的花生相对光合有效辐射又下降到80.8%和65.7%。2001年剪枝以后,5龄南酸枣和9龄南酸枣间作系统花生相对产量分别由2000年的64.1%和55.4%提高到68.2%和58.1%。这表明剪枝在短期内能在一定程度上减轻光能竞争,但仍然不能满足花生生长需要。     

承德市杨柳飞絮综合治理措施

介绍了承德市园林管理局治理杨柳飞絮的多种途径和措施。     

一种改进的树冠截留降雨试验方法

设计了一种基于计算承雨器四周各1m范围内树冠郁闭度，进而通过一次降雨试验可观测到不同郁闭度级林冠截留降雨量的方法，解决了以往林冠截留降雨量测试中林冠疏密和树冠间隙分布不均引起的测量结果误差较大的难题。     

Genetic diversity of Australian Fusarium graminearum and F. pseudograminearum

Genotypic diversity in Fusarium pseudograminearum and F. graminearum from Australia and the relationship between diversity and pathogen aggressiveness for head blight and/or crown rot of wheat were examined. Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis revealed a high level of genotypic diversity within each species. Sixty-three of the 149 AFLP loci were significantly different between the two species and 70 of 72 F. pseudograminearum and 56 of 59 F. graminearum isolates had distinct haplotypes. When head blight and crown rot severity data from a recently published work on isolates representing the entire range of aggressiveness were used, only the genotypic diversity of F. pseudograminearum was significantly associated with its aggressiveness for the two diseases. Cluster analyses clearly demonstrated the polyphyletic structures that exist in both pathogen populations. The spatial diversity within F. graminearum was high within a single field, while frequent gene flow ( N _m ∼ 14) and a low fixation index ( G _st = 0·03) were recorded among F. pseudograminearum isolates from the adjacent states of New South Wales and Queensland. The differences in population structure between the heterothallic F. pseudograminearum (teleomorph G. coronicola ) and the homothallic F. graminearum (teleomorph G. zeae ) were not as pronounced as expected given their contrasting mating systems. Neither species was panmictic or strictly clonal. This points to sexual recombination in F. pseudograminearum , suggesting that ascospores of G. coronicola may also play a role in its biology and epidemiology.     

篱式果园梯形树冠截面设计研究

利用天文三角公式计算太阳在不同纬度地区某日各时刻的位置,并计算在南北成行的条件下,满足光照条件的树篱的确形角.在满足光照条件下,依不同的冠高与冠间距的比值分析确定梯形树冠截面树篱适合的地理纬度,并利用前人的研究与该文相结合,进而讨论确定在不同纬度地区梯形树冠截面树篱的最佳参数,为在篱式果园中梯形树冠截面的设计提供理论依据.