轮台白杏开心形树形冠内光分布特征

[目的]通过对轮台白杏开心形树形冠内光分布的解析,旨在深入了解盛果期轮台白杏生产园典型树体结构及其光能利用现状,为其整形修剪提供理论依据.[方法]采用等体积(50 cm×50 cm×50 cm)树冠立体分隔法,利用LAI-2000冠层分析仪和LI-191线状量子传感器测定每一树冠分隔体内叶面积指数、透光率和光合有效辐射的日变化及时节变化.[结果]盛果期轮台白杏生产园冠层消光系数(K)为0.808 5;冠内相对光合有效辐射强度上层>中层>下层,中部和内膛有交错,小于外围,在14:00达到高峰;冠内相对光合有效辐射强度随时节变化逐渐减小,叶幕稳定后冠内整体相对光合有效辐射强度在70;以下,无效光区占树冠体积的67.19;.[结论]轮台县盛果期轮台白杏生产园开心形树形主枝开张角度太小,冠层消光系数偏大,冠内光照分布不均匀,无效光区占树冠比例过高,不利于树冠对光能的有效利用.     

避雨栽培下"凤丹白"籽油提取及理化指标分析

[目的]为在江南湿热地区推广种植油用牡丹,采用避雨栽培地区模式对"凤丹白"品种进行试种,采收种子并进行籽油提取和指标测定,比较其与正常露地栽培指标异同.[方法]在杭州海涂围垦地区采用全年避雨栽培"凤丹白"品种的油用牡丹,收获种子后亚临界萃取法获得籽油,测试该种植模式下含油量、主要特征指标、主要脂肪酸含量、主要理化性质等的数据,通过与露天栽培下的该品种相关指标的比较分析,明确保护地种植下油用牡丹的籽油品质.[结果]避雨栽培下,"凤丹白"长势良好,籽油综合品质与露地产籽油没有显著差异.[结论]研究可为今后在江南湿热地区推广种植油用牡丹提供重要参考依据.     

北京松山自然保护区主要树种冠幅预测模型研究

冠幅作为林业研究的关键因子,开展冠幅的研究对于精准林业发展具有重要意义。为了更好地利用冠幅对树木其他因子进行预测,选取了北京市松山自然保护区油松、白蜡、蒙古栎等14个常见树种作为研究对象,基于6种回归方程,借助样地实测数据分别建立每个树种的胸径 冠幅和树高 冠幅模型,并针对每个树种筛选出的最优方程进行了精度检验。结果表明,研建的14个树种的模型具有较好的拟合精度,决定系数R2绝大多数都大于0.5,其中,核桃的胸径 冠幅模型最高,R2=0.951,树高-冠幅模型R2=0.887,蒙古栎树高-冠幅模型最低,R2=0.506,也超过了0.5。所建模型的精度评价指标具有一定的统计学意义,对北京市松山地区大面积林分参数的预测预估有重要的参考价值。     

昆明地区大树移植技术探讨与分析

随着昆明地区城市建设的快速发展,城市绿化规模日益扩大,大树移植被越来越多地应用到城市绿化中.为了提高大树移植后的成活率,该文探索和分析了大树移植各个环节的技术要点,以期为城市绿化中大树移植提供参考.     

应用哨兵2A多时相遥感影像对树种的识别

森林树种类别的准确识别和专题图制作对于森林经营管理具有重要作用。以哨兵2A多时相遥感影像数据源,通过对单时相影像以及根据基尼系数(Gini系数)和信息熵进行的不同影像组合,利用随机森林算法对大孤家林场的树种类别进行识别和分类制图。结果表明:哨兵2A多时相影像组合能够显著改善树种分类的精度,多时相影像组合总体分度最高为87.45%,Kappa系数为0.825,比单时相遥感影像分类总体精度提升了4%~7%。     

地基激光雷达提取单木冠层结构因子研究

在传统森林计测中,由于树木冠层的形态各异、结构复杂,往往难以精确获取结构因子。本文以地基激光雷达为工具,通过对单木扫描获取点云数据,基于球极平面投影和Lambert方位角等面积投影法计算冠层孔隙度,运用不规则面投影法和体元法提取树冠的体积和表面积,并对结果进行了对比分析。选取北京林业大学校园内6株立木为研究对象,结果表明,对于冠层孔隙度,球极平面投影的结果均小于Lambert方位角等面积投影,平均误差为0.03;对于体积和表面积,运用不规则面投影法和体元法得到树冠体积相对误差为5.32%~12.43%,平均相对误差为9.29%,提取的树冠表面积的相对误差为1.40%~5.21%,平均相对误差为3.33%。2种方法得到的结果差别不是很显著。因此利用地基激光雷达获取点云数据,通过对单木一次扫描提取冠层孔隙度、树冠体积和表面积,为计算树木的三维绿量、生物量、光合作用能力等提供了更可靠的数据支持。     

Effects of defoliation caused by the processionary moth on growth of Crimean pines in western Turkey

An outbreak of the pine processionary moth (PPM), Thaumetopoea wilkinsoni Tams (Lepidoptera: Thaumetopoeidae), began in spring 1998 and lasted 6 years in a Crimean pine (Pinus nigra Arnold) plantation in western Turkey. The effects of PPM on the radial, height and volume growth of Crimean pine trees were investigated by examining the increment losses for three defoliation intensities (groups). PPM activity in Crimean pine stand was assessed through radial increment analysis of cores extracted at breast height. In 2004, increment cores were collected from moderate and high defoliation and low defoliation dominant or co-dominant trees. Based on the sample, annual radial growth indices from 1998 to 2004 were calculated. Growth functions were defined as the cumulative sum of radial, height and volume increment graphically compared between Crimean pine defoliation group sample trees. The sample trees are the same subspecies and varieties. After the defoliations, radial, height and volume growth of low defoliation group trees was found to be significantly greater than that of the other affected groups. During the 1998–2004 period the total radial growth of low, moderately affected and highly affected trees was, respectively, 49, 33 and 31 mm; the total height growth was 3.1, 1.8 and 1.0 m; and the total volume growth was 50, 14 and 10 dm³.     

SSR-based genetic linkage analysis of resistance to crown rust (Puccinia coronata f. sp. lolii) in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne)

Crown rust (caused by Puccinia coronata f. sp. lolii) is a serious foliar disease of the pasture and turfgrass perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne). Previous genetic studies have detected both qualitative and quantitative resistance mechanisms, and interpretation of the genetic system is complicated by variation within the sexually reproducing pathogen. Resistant and susceptible parental genotypes of ryegrass were identified using a composite urediniospore population collected from three geographically distinct locations. A two-way pseudo-testcross mapping population was obtained as the F₁ progeny of the pair-cross between ryegrass parental genotypes Vedette₆ and Victorian₉. Both parents showed intermediate resistance against a pathogen population collected in a single geographical zone (Hamilton, Victoria), but in the F₁ population, significant variation for a range of resistance-associated characters was detected. Statistical analysis of phenotypic data suggested a major gene effect, hence bulked segregant analysis with map-assigned simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers was used to scan the genome. A marker showing strong association with resistance was assigned to linkage group (LG) 2 of perennial ryegrass. Analysis of 11 LG2 SSR markers defined an interval between loci xlpssrh03f03 and xlpssrk02e02 as containing the gene or genes (LpPc1) conferring crown rust resistance. Resistance gene determinants were inherited from both parents, with up to 80% of the total phenotypic variation explained by markers segregating from Vedette₆ and up to 26% of the variation explained by markers segregating from Victorian₉. The two contributions together resulted in an additive increase in effect, with fully resistant individuals requiring determinants from both parents. A conserved syntenic relationship was observed with linkage group B of Avena strigosa, which is the location of a cluster of resistance genes to the oat form of crown rust. The implications of this study for marker-assisted selection of disease resistance in perennial ryegrass are discussed.     

基于江苏茶园施肥及空间分布特性分析江苏茶园可持续发展

【目的】茶树是一种多年生作物,现已成为我国乡村致富的重要产业,为了掌握江苏茶园土壤养分现状及施肥方式对茶园养分环境的影响分析。【方法】通过对江苏省主产茶128个茶园施肥方式进行调研,测定其有机质、pH值、碱解氮、速效磷、全钾以及钙、镁等微量元素及部分重金属物质含量,同时对经纬度和不同茶园营养元素之间的相关性进行分析。【结果】江苏茶园pH值介于3.82～6.14之间,有机质含量介于11.10～29.4g/kg之间,碱解氮含量介于42.23～119.45mg/kg之间;速效磷含量介于13.75～289.71mg/kg之间;全钾含量介于53.61～79.35g/kg之间;有机质含量与取样点经纬度均存在显著相关关系(相关系数分别为0.7430和-6910),同时土壤全钾含量与取样点经度均存在显著负相关关系(r=-0.820),与取样点纬度存在显著正相关关系(r=0.6992),有机质含量与碱解氮和速效磷含量显著正相关(r=0.8319和r=0.6681),与速效钾含量间存在显著负相关关系(r=-0.9093);土壤pH值和镍元素之间存在极显著正相关关系(r=0.9049)。【结论】尿素的大量施用是导致江苏茶园土壤酸化严重的重要原因,总体而言,江苏茶园土壤总体肥力较好,部分茶园存在酸化现象,茶园有机质含量越高,碱解氮和有效磷含量越高,有效钾含量越低。施肥习惯应结合有机肥(菜籽饼)与尿素相结合的方式,并注意土壤改良剂的应用和尿素的施用,更有利于茶园营养物质的可持续利用和高质量发展。     

商丘市道路绿化现状与分析

为做好商丘市树种规划与选择,笔者对商丘市城市道路绿化现状进行调查。结果表明,商丘市道路绿化中栽植的植物共167种(包括12个品种及变种),隶属42科,城区中的15条道路,整体配置模式有一板二带式、二板三带式、三板四带式,四板五带式,共有行道树树种15个,分车带绿化植物约有72种。研究分析了商丘市区道路绿化的现状及存在的问题,在此基础上提出了商丘市城市道路绿化的发展对策。