Increasing the appropriate seedling density for higher yield in dry direct-seeded rice sown by a multifunctional seeder after wheat-straw return

Dry direct-seeded rice(DDR) sown using a multifunctional seeder that performs synchronous rotary tillage and sowing has received increased attention because it is highly efficient, relatively cheap, and environmentally friendly. However,this method of rice production may produce lower yields in a rice–wheat rotation system because of its poor seedling establishment. To address this problem, we performed field experiments to determine the rice yield at five seedling density levels(B1, B2, B3, B4,...     

油桐的生产现状及其发展建议

油桐是原产我国的世界著名的工业油料树种。油桐在我国16个省、市、自治区有栽培分布,栽培分布范围广,品种资源丰富,结实早,产量高。简单介绍了油桐的资源分布、栽培与利用及其栽培的优势,并提出把油桐生产列入国家生物质能源发展的范畴、把油桐生产列入“十一五”规划项目、开展油桐作为生物柴油使用的试验研究、恢复原来的油桐研究会、迅速搜集保存油桐种质资源等建议。     

松嫩草地五脉山黧豆地上生育规律及生物量的比较研究

试验研究了松嫩草地不同生境和密度下五脉山黧豆地上部生育规律和生物量。结果表明:人工栽培五脉山黧豆植株比野生植株具有较大的株高、分枝长度、分枝数和生物量。其中,人工一年生种群株高和单株生物量比野生植株平均增加了19.1 cm和11.66 g。野生种群植株不同密度间个体生长的差异不显著(P>0.05);人工种群植株不同密度间个体生长差异显著(P<0.05),体现了密度制约的效应。人工二年生种群植株比一年生植株有较大的密度竞争压力,在生物量等方面比一年生种群植株小。     

Effects of selective cutting and timing of herbicide application on growth and development of Cirsium arvense in spring barley

Recently, a new implement for controlling weeds in cereals (CombCut) has been developed. It cuts weeds in growing cereals without damaging them by using the physical differences (in height, stem thickness, straw stiffness and branching pattern) between crops and weeds. To evaluate and compare the effects of selective cutting with different timings of herbicide application on Cirsium arvense in spring barley, a randomised block experiment was conducted in Sweden in 2015–2017, in a field with a naturally occurring C. arvense population. Treatments consisted of control (C), herbicide application at 4–5‐leaf stage of C. arvense (H1), herbicide application at 8–10‐leaf stage (H2) and selective cutting at 10‐leaf stage (S). The treatments were performed in 2015 and repeated in 2016 in the same plots, and a final evaluation was performed in 2017. Compared to the control, S, H1 and H2 were equally efficient in reducing above‐ground biomass production of C. arvense and increasing spring barley grain yield per unit area. The number of C. arvense shoots per area was, however, higher in S compared to H1 and H2. No differences in control effects on shoot number were observed between H1 and H2. Our study indicates that (i) selective cutting (S) reduces C. arvense equally efficient as herbicide application and (ii) early herbicide spraying is as efficient as spraying later in the season.     

基于无人机遥感的棉花主要生育时期地上生物量估算及验证

利用棉花主要生育时期的无人机近红外影像数据,提取4种不同的植被指数,通过与棉花地上生物量的实测值建立拟合关系,分析了不同植被指数在棉花各生育时期的估算效果并对其进行了验证。结果表明,随棉花生长,归一化植被指数（NDVI）、宽动态植被指数（WDRVI）、比值植被指数（RVI）和差值植被指数（DVI）均从苗期开始显著增加,其后则表现为基本稳定的“饱和”现象,但棉花实测生物量在不同生育期均有显著差异。植被指数与棉花实测生物量的拟合结果显示：NDVI和DVI的二元线性拟合模型对苗期生物量拟合效果最佳（R²=0.84,RMSE=0.13 kg·m^-2）;WDRVI和DVI的二元线性拟合模型对花蕾期生物量拟合效果最佳（R²=0.87,RMSE=0.52 kg·m^-2）;RVI的非线性拟合模型对花铃期生物量拟合效果最佳（R²=0.79,RMSE=0.95 kg·m^-2）;WDRVI和RVI的二元线性拟合模型对盛铃期生物量的拟合效果最佳（R²=0.86,RMSE=0.96 kg·m^-2）。     

土壤水分胁迫对紫花苜蓿光合特性及其生物量的影响

紫花苜蓿是我国重要的豆科牧草,具有较强的抗旱能力,而水分亏缺是影响其产量的主要逆境因子之一。通过大田试验对不同水分胁迫下紫花苜蓿的光合特性及产量进行研究,结果表明:①土壤水分胁迫对紫花苜蓿光响应参数影响显著(P<0.05),随着水分胁迫的加剧,最大净光合速率、表观量子效率、光饱和点逐渐降低,暗呼吸速率、光补偿点逐渐升高,从而直接影响紫花苜蓿光合作用对弱光的吸收和转化效率。②随着水分胁迫的加剧紫花苜蓿叶片的净光合速率(Pn)和蒸腾速率(Tr)呈显著的下降趋势,气孔导度(Gs)呈先下降后上升的趋势,表明轻度水分胁迫下气孔因素是Pn下降的主要因素,中度和重度水分胁迫下非气孔因素是Pn降低的主要因素。③当光合有效辐射(PAR)为1200μmol·m^-2·s^-1时,轻度水分胁迫的水分利用效率(WUE)显著大于充分灌溉的WUE(P<0.05),表明适度水分胁迫可提高紫花苜蓿叶片的水分利用效率。④轻度水分胁迫与充分灌溉干草产量之间无显著差异,表明轻度水分胁迫能达到高产节水的目的。     

赤水河鱼类资源量的初步估算

为了解赤水河的鱼类资源现状,于2010年5～6月和9～10月在赤水河赤水镇、赤水市和合江县的3个江段进行了渔获物调查工作。通过统计各江段的渔业捕捞情况,计算年捕捞量。采用体长股分析的方法,对云南光唇鱼（Acrossocheilus yunanensis）、大鳍鳠（Mystus macropterus）和张氏歺鱼又（Hemiculter tchangi）的资源量进行了估算,并以此推算各江段鱼类的总资源量。结果显示,赤水镇江段的鱼类年总资源量为10.76t,其中云南光唇鱼为1.23t;赤水市江段的年总资源量为     

不同光照条件对浮游植物生物量与多样性的影响

通过构建光照强度与浮游植物生物量和群落结构特征参数的关系曲线,为三峡水库水华预测预报模型的构建提供基础数据,同时也为水库调度的方案提供理论依据。基于三峡水库野外原位观测数据的分析结果,针对性设计不同梯度光照强度下浮游植物的生长演替规律室内控制实验。结果表明:(1)光照是影响浮游植物生物量和多样性的关键要素,光照强度0~4 500 lx,浮游植物的生物量随着光照强度的增加而增加,在光照强度为4 500 lx时,浮游植物生物量达到最大,但光强超过4 500 lx之后,浮游植物的生物量随着光照强度的增加而减少;光照强度0~1 500 lx,浮游植物群落多样性随着光强的增加而增加,在光照强度为1 500 lx时,浮游植物群落多样性达到最大;光照强度1 500~4 500 lx,浮游植物群落多样性随着光照强度的增加而减少;当光强超过4 500 lx,浮游植物群落多样性随着光照强度的增加而增加;(2)从制定三峡水库生态调度方案的角度来看,当光照强度在1 500 lx时,浮游植物生物量达到最低,此时其群落多样性达到最大,为最佳的调度方案光照参数;(3)浮游植物生物量(y)与光照强度(x)的关系为:y=2×10~(-8)x~3-5×10~(-4)x~2+3.1923x-122.92(R~2=0.934,P0.01),两者极显著相关;多样性指数(y)与光照强度(x)的关系式为:y=2×10~(-12)x~3-3×10~(-8)x~2+10~(-4)x+0.3266(R~2=0.554,P0.01),两者极显著相关。     

Use of Dried Fermented Biomass as a Fish Meal Replacement in Practical Diets of Florida Pompano,Trachinotus carolinus

Substitution of fish meal (FM) as a protein source in aquaculture diets is required to reduce cost and promote a sustainable industry. Potential protein sources include a range of traditional products from agricultural production such as plant or animal proteins. However, there are also a number of manufacturing coproducts, including bacterial dried fermented biomass (DFB,) for which there is an increased interest. Hence, the objective of this study was to evaluate DFB as a replacement for FM in practical diets for Florida pompano, Trachinotus carolinus. Four diets were prepared in which different levels of FM (15%, 10%, 5%, and 0% of the diet) were replaced with DFB (0%, 4.27%, 8.54%, and 12.82%) on an iso-nitrogenous and iso-lipidic basis, to contain 40% crude protein and 10% lipid. A 10-week growth trial was conducted in a recirculating system consisting of 12 indoor 1.0 m³ tanks, stocked with 20 juvenile pompano (mean initial weight 8.1 g) per tank. There were no significant differences in final weight (64.5 g?79.5 g), survival (81.7%–96.7%), percent weight gain (711.6%–879.0%), FCR (2.1–2.0), or thermal-unit growth coefficient (0.1013?0.1149), regardless of the levels of dietary FM or DFB tested. Based on these results, it is recommended that DFB can be included up to 12.8% in practical diets for Florida pompano without significantly reducing growth performance. The response to higher levels of DFB inclusion should be evaluated.     

东海区短鳄齿鱼数量分布及其与环境因子的关系

根据2005年东海区(26°30′～35°00′N、121°00′～127°00′E)渔业资源监测底拖网调查资料,结合广义相加模型(GAM)方法分析了东海区短鳄齿鱼资源的时空分布特征以及水深、水温、盐度与数量分布的关系。结果表明:东海区短鳄齿鱼主要分布区域为:28°00′～30°00′N、123°00′～126°30′E;生物量季节变化明显,以秋季(9月)最高,春季(4月)最低;短鳄齿鱼适宜水深、温度、盐度范围分别为70～110 m、17～23℃、34.3～35.2。结合东海海流分布特点,初步推断短鳄齿鱼为暖水性海洋小型鱼类,其生物量分布和季节变化受台湾暖流影响。