SPAC系统中质能传输力学问题的新课题

综述了国内外对SPAC(土壤—植物—大气统一体)系统质能传输过程从事的理论研究进展;介绍了一些新的研究课题,以及国内近年来在SPAC系统研究中理论和实验研究方面所取得的一些重要成果,即调控亏水度灌溉技术,“脉冲”灌溉技术的研究及应用、用土壤水的定量管理改良盐碱地的措施等;提出了一些在SPAC系统研究中需要解决的研究难题,包括建立适当的模型、确定合理的边界条件、参数等问题。     

运粮河沿岸退化草地适用牧草品种的鉴选

在运粮河中游两岸建立优质牧草品种鉴定辅，对新疆大叶紫花蓿、红三叶、草木樨、沙打旺、狐毛草和羊草４个豆科和２个和禾本科计６个品种牧草苜蓿十羊草组合牧进行适应性、抗逆性以及牧草产量和质量的鉴定筛选。     

高寒地区和蟹及商品蟹的长距离运输技术

1999～2000年间，分别进行了扣蟹和商品蟹的大批量运输试验。结果表明，高寒地区扣蟹在春、秋两季均可运输，而且运输成活率很高。商品蟹的运输成活与温度、体质及出塘暂养时间有关。     

Effects of Density and Rest Stops on Movement Rates of Unrestrained Horses during Transport

The goal of this study was to provide estimates of how much loose (unrestrained) horses move during transport. Data were collected from six shipments of slaughter horses that were transported in a 16.2-m, single-deck semi-trailer in June and July of 2004 for 18 to 20 hours as part of an earlier project. Usable video was obtained from five groups of mature horses transported at “low” density (five to seven horses per group averaging 216.5 kg/m²) and three groups of horses transported at “moderate” density (10–11 horses per group averaging 345.5 kg/m²). Three low-density and two moderate-density groups had access to six water bowls inserted through the sides of the compartments during 1-hour rest stops occurring after 8 hours and at the end of transport. Twelve cameras, one mounted in each corner of the three compartments, were used to record behavior. Distance and rate of movement by individual horses during transport and during two 1-hour rest periods were determined by analysis of 206 hours of usable video footage of individual horses. Mean movement rate tended to be higher during travel (4.23 m/hour) than during the 1-hour periods when the truck was stopped (2.75 m/hour), but it did not seem to be influenced by group density. Movement was stimulated by the availability of water during the rest stops. In general, movement was strongly influenced by one or two horses causing disruption of the group, and not by independent actions of members of the group.     

高等植物硅研究进展

从硅在土壤和植物中的存在形式及含量、在植物体中的作用及特点、吸收及短距离运输机制等方面综述了高等植物硅研究进展,并展望了其研究方向。     

不同模拟糙度集中水流内红壤团聚体剥蚀特征研究

研究了5种模拟糙度和6种不同冲刷距离组合下3种粒径的红壤团聚体在集中水流内的剥蚀破坏规律,分析了糙度、运移距离以及相关水力学参数对团聚体剥蚀破坏的影响。结果表明,在相同运移距离条件下,随粒径和糙度的增加团聚体剥蚀破坏程度呈增加趋势,与粒径相比,糙度对剥蚀破坏程度的影响更大。相同模拟糙度下,随着运移距离的增加,剥蚀率均呈抛物线形先增大后减小的趋势;各运移距离下,7~5 mm粒径团聚体的剥蚀率随糙度的增加而增加;5~3 mm和3~1 mm粒径团聚体在各运移距离内随糙度的增加变化规律不一致。在不同糙度情况下,以运移距离等于36 m为例,团聚体与原始团聚体质量比(Wr/Wi)随径流水深、阻力系数、水流剪切力的增加均呈幂函数减小之后趋于平缓的趋势。该结果为研究红壤团聚体破碎理论机制提供了参考,对于完善土壤侵蚀过程模型,具有重要的理论意义。     

基于环境影响的公路路线方案优选

本文综合分析了公路建设中与公路选线相关的环境影响问题 ,在此基础上构建了基于环境影响的公路路线方案评价指标体系 ,并探讨了用于路线方案综合评价的数学模型。     

Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) parr fed genetically modified soybeans and maize: Histological, digestive, metabolic, and immunological investigations

Physiological and health related responses to dietary inclusion of genetically modified (GM) full-fat soybean meal (Roundup Ready; GM-soy) and maize (MON810 Bt-maize; GM-maize), as well as non-parental, untransformed lines (nGM-soy and nGM-maize D2), were evaluated in farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) parr during the first 8 months of feeding. Significant effects of dietary GM presence were only found in intestinal Na+-dependent d-glucose uptake and SGLT1 protein level in the region pyloric caeca in which the highest values were found in the GM-soy, intermediate in the nGM-soy, and lowest in the standard FM fed groups. Data from this study confirm that GM soybeans (RRS) and maize (MON810) at inclusion levels of about 6% appear to be as safe as commercially available nGM soy and maize in diets for Atlantic salmon parr. Results from studies with higher inclusion levels and with non-modified, isogenic or near-isogenic parental lines as control groups are pending.     

运输应激猪HSPs mRNA转录、分布及免疫器官病理性损伤相关性研究

【目的】研究长途运输应激对猪免疫器官的病理性损伤、HSPs mRNA的分布和转录水平,探讨其相关性。【方法】利用组织学、原位杂交和本实验室建立的猪HSPs mRNA一步法实时荧光定量RT-PCR技术平台等方法,研究长途运输应激对猪免疫器官的病理性损伤、HSPs mRNA的分布和转录水平的变化。【结果】在长途运输应激初期（1～2 h）,淋巴结和脾脏出现急性病理性损伤变化,损伤程度较为严重;运输应激4 h时,组织的病理性损伤与应激初期相似,但血管的充血程度有所减轻;淋巴结和脾脏中HSP70 mRNA的转录水平随着运输应激时间的延长一直呈现出上升的趋势,运输应激持续到10 h时,HSP70 mRNA的转录水平升到最高,分别为对照组的9.59和11.46倍;HSP90 mRNA的转录水平在应激初期（1～2 h）急剧升高（P＜0.01）,运输应激2 h时,淋巴结和脾脏中HSP90 mRNA的转录水平分别为对照组的59.67和13.03倍,到运输应激持续到6 h后,升高不再显著。HSPs mRNA在淋巴结和脾脏细胞中的定位无肉眼可见的随着应激时间的延长而发生相应的变化,但HSP70和HSP90 mRNA之间的定位存在着差异。【结论】运输应激可以导致组织损伤和HSPs mRNA转录水平的变化,但对不同家族的HSPs mRNA转录水平的影响不同;HSP90 mRNA的转录水平与组织损伤有着良好的相关性,有望成为猪运输应激的判定指标之一。