Transmission of some species of internal parasites in horses born in 1993, 1994, and 1995 on the same pasture on a farm in central Kentucky

Data are presented on the last 3 years of a 7-year study (1989–1995) on transmission of natural infections of internal parasites in horse foals (n = 27) born in 1993, 1994, and 1995 on the same pasture on a farm in central Kentucky. The foals were in a closed breeding herd of horses. Research on the first 4 years (1989–1992) of the study was published earlier (Lyons et al., 1991, 1994). Thirty-five species of endoparasites were identified, including 24 species of small strongyles. Monthly, seasonal, and host-age transmission patterns were elucidated for the parasites. Comparison of data between the first 4 years and last 3 years of the study indicates similarities, but also differences, including an increase in prevalence and numbers of Thelazia lacrymalis and Anoplocephala perfoliata.     

机械手式水稻钵苗移植机传动系统设计

对机械手式水稻苗移植机的总体传动设计，横向进给传动机构进行了全面论述，提供了传动系统图，并对系统进行了运动分析，列出了传动结构式和运动平衡方程式。     

紫外线杀灭营养液中黄瓜枯萎病病菌试验研究

设计、试制了一种可以用于无土栽培循环营养液消毒的紫外线消毒系统,并对其杀灭黄瓜枯萎病病原菌的性能和效果进行了实验室研究。先将黄瓜枯萎病病原(Fusariumoxysporumf.sp.cuc鄄umerinum)菌株接种于PDA培养基上,培养后将其加入到营养液中进行紫外线照射。通过对紫外线照射前后的病原浓度进行计数,发现紫外线对黄瓜枯萎病病原有较好的杀灭效果。在营养液紫外线透射率(T10)为96.65%、病原浓度为6.87×102conidia/ml、最大流量为36L/min时,灭菌率为100%;在营养液紫外线透射率(T10)为95.42%、病原浓度为1.14×105conidia/ml、最大流量为36L/min时,灭菌率为100%;在T10降低为11.58%、病原浓度为1.44×104conidia/ml、最大流速为35L/min时,灭菌率也在50%以上。     

带毒灰飞虱对水稻条纹叶枯病的传毒率测定

[目的]为了明确湖州市条纹叶枯病主要病区灰飞虱的传毒率。[方法]用人工饲养的五代灰飞虱,对“嘉花1号”水稻进行水稻条纹叶枯病的接毒试验。将饲养的5代灰飞虱成虫每穴1头接入瓶内的试验苗上,用网罩隔离培养接虫苗,连续观察60 d,通过统计计算带毒灰飞虱传毒率。[结果]主要病区灰飞虱的传毒率为5.69%。[结论]带毒灰飞虱对水稻条纹叶枯病的传毒率较高,应密切监控灰飞虱的发生动态,防止条纹叶枯病扩散蔓延。     

1RS／1BL易位对蓝粒小麦异代换染色体传递的影响

利用一个普通小麦与中间偃麦草形成的 4 E/ 4 D蓝粒二体代换系 ,同时也是一个 1RS/ 1BL 纯合易位系 ,与不同的普通小麦品种 (系 )杂交 ,以籽粒颜色作为标记性状 ,研究了 1RS/ 1BL 易位染色体对 4 E染色体在杂种中的传递行为的影响。结果发现 ,在杂种 F1 中 ,1RS/ 1BL易位极显著地降低了 4 E染色体通过雌雄配子传递的频率。但当1RS/ 1BL 易位染色体在杂种 F1 中以二体存在时 ,其对 4 E染色体传递的影响在雌雄配子中有所不同 ,可能会进一步降低 4 E染色体通过雌配子传递的频率 ,而在雄配子中 4 E染色体的传递频率则有所提高 ,导致 F2 籽粒颜色分离出现极显著变化。这一结果表明 ,4 E染色体在杂种中的传递强烈地受 1RS/ 1BL 易位染色体及其存在状态影响 ,也说明不同外源染色体位于同一小麦遗传背景中可能存在相互作用的制约     

剑麻叶片纤维细胞形态结构差异分析

观察分析剑麻叶片纤维细胞形态结构特征,及明确取样部位,为深入研究剑麻纤维细胞发育机制及形态提供基础性和实验性的参考。根据剑麻叶片及植株植物学特征确定取样部位,利用透射电镜（TEM）观察2个生长时期成熟叶片的不同区域和3个成熟度叶近轴端纤维细胞形态结构的差异。由电镜图片可知,剑麻不同生长时期叶片的中部和近轴端纤维细胞紧密相连、大小不一,但叶片中部区域多为不含原生质体的细胞壁结构,而近轴端细胞中存在含有细胞器的原生质体。进一步观察了3个成熟度叶片近轴端的纤维细胞形态,发现叶片纤维细胞中的各种细胞器被液泡挤压到细胞边缘,叶绿体为最突出的细胞器。幼年叶和成熟叶中的叶绿体多呈梭形,外膜完整,可见较清晰的片层结构和垛叠区,稚嫩叶的细胞中叶绿体出现皱缩及片层结构排列较紊乱,线粒体肿胀,胞浆内出现空泡,存在细胞核中异染色质增多和质壁分离的现象。综合分析图像信息推测,剑麻叶片纤维细胞生长发育活跃部位位于叶片近轴端,是观察剑麻纤维细胞结构的理想区域。     

Application of PU-sealing into Cu/Ni electroless plated polyester fabrics for e-textiles

Electroless metal plated fabrics are favorable to be used as e-textiles due to the excellent conductivity and peculiar properties of textiles such as flexibility. But, the electrical durability is not enough to be used as e-textiles. Therefore, we applied polyurethane(PU)-sealing (single-sealing vs. double-sealing) onto the electroless metal plated polyester fabrics (Ripstop vs. Mesh) to reinforce the electrical durability. We investigated the changes of electrical properties of the PU-sealed metal plated fabrics after laundering by a multi-meter, examined the surface changes using scanning electron microscope, and checked the metal existence using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. And, we finally proved the possibility of the fabric strips as transmission lines by alternating conventional earphone lines. PU double-sealing showed higher performance on Ripstop polyester fabrics even after being laundered 10 times, which was almost the same as Cu-based typical conductive lines did.     

Eremothecium ashbyi causes soybean yeast-spot and is associated with stink bug, Riptortus clavatus

Many fusiform ascospores observed on soybean seeds with yeast spot disease symptoms differed significantly from those of Eremothecium coryli, the known causal agent of yeast spot disease in soybean. On the basis of morphological and physiological characteristics and sequence data of the internal transcribed spacer regions including the 5.8S rDNA and D1/D2 regions of 26S rDNA, this fungus was identified as E. ashbyi. Pathogenicity of E. ashbyi was confirmed by reinoculation test. This report is the report on E. ashbyi causing soybean yeast spot disease. In addition, this study showed that E. ashbyi was transmitted by the stink bug, Riptortus clavatus, as was E. coryli, the two Eremothecium yeasts may have been acquired when the stink bug fed on infected soybeans and overwintered in this insect species. The nucleotide sequence data reported are available in the GeneBank/EMBL/DDBJ database as accessions AB294407 to AB294412 for E. ashbyi EA1, EA7 and EA11.     

Dynamics of shiga-toxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and their virulence factors in cattle

Starting at birth, twenty Holstein calves were housed individually, in groups of five and finally in one large freestall while fecal samples were collected weekly for 25 weeks. From each sample, twenty isolates of Escherichia coli were screened for 6 virulence markers including shiga-toxin 1, 2, intimin, enterohemolysin, the fimbrial antigen efa1 and the adhesin saa. Dynamic models of transmission of E. coli were used to model the transmission of different virulotypes between calves and the loss of the same virulotypes from the calves. It was found that, once E. coli encoding shiga-toxins in combination with enterohemolysin were transmitted and established in a calf, they tended to be eliminated less efficiently compared to E. coli without this combination of virulence markers. It was concluded that the presence of certain combinations of virulence markers coincided with persistence of E. coli in the bovine gastrointestinal tract. In addition, the combinations of stx with either eae or ehxA in E. coli have a greater impact on the loss rates than on the transmission rates.     

蜂王信息素传递方式对工蜂出勤情况及王台形成的影响

研究了蜂王信息素在蜂箱内通过单独以气流方式传递(A组)、工蜂与气流两种方式传递(B组)以及蜂王、工蜂和气流3种方式共同传递(C组)时对蜂群内工蜂出勤情况以及王台形成数量的影响。结果表明,工蜂出勤情况为:C组一天的出勤总次数和各时刻出勤次数多于B组和A组,B组出勤总次数和各时刻出勤次数多于A组;王台形成数量为:A组第3 d出现自然王台,第10 d出现改造王台;B组第6 d出现自然王台,第17 d出现改造王台,比A组分别推迟了3 d和7 d;C组第10 d出现自然王台,但直至试验结束仍没有出现改造王台;A组自然王台和改造王台数量高达929只,B组634只,C组194只,这一数据表明,如果没有蜂王传递信息素,蜂群就会出现改造王台。