花生收获机传动系统的运动机理分析与参数优化

通过对4H-2型花生收获机传动系统的运动机理分析,得到了该收获机传动部件的运动规律以及传动部件中主要参数的关系表达式。以提高作业质量、延长机具寿命、简化结构布局、确保动力传动的高效可靠为目标,建立了传动机构的优化模型。利用Matlab等相关软件,对4H-2型花生收获机的传动机构进行了优化分析,确定了主要杆件的尺寸,提高了4H-2型花生收获机的性能与工作可靠性,降低了造价。     

小麦-簇毛麦6VS/6AL易位染色体在不同小麦背景中的遗传稳定性及其在配子中的传递

为研究小麦-簇毛麦6VS/6AL易位染色体在不同小麦背景中的遗传稳定性及其在配子中的传递,利用高抗白粉病的普通小麦-簇毛麦6VS/ 6AL易位系92R137与不抗白粉病的栽培品种百农64、百农9310、邯5310、小偃54、淮麦20、徐麦856进行杂交,并用这些品种分别与杂种F1进行正反回交.对杂种F1花粉母细胞减数分裂中期Ⅰ的细胞学观察表明,在减数分裂中期Ⅰ易位染色体6VS/ 6AL通常以6AL与6A 染色体配对形成棒状二价体.各杂种F1高抗白粉病,位于6VS上的抗白粉病基因Pm21呈显性,在F2中有69.0%～74.0%的植株抗白粉病,接近1对显性基因遗传的理论值.由于6VS与6AS在通常情况下不发生配对交换,因此可通过白粉病抗性鉴定并结合利用6VS上的分子标记来跟踪6VS/ 6AL易位染色体的传递.测交结果表明,以F1作母本6VS/ 6AL易位染色体通过雌配子的传递率为49.2%(45.8%～54.9%);以F1作父本6VS/ 6AL易位染色体通过雄配子的传递率为44.7% (43.1%～46.8%),均接近50%的理论值.但在各组合中,6VS/ 6AL易位染色体通过雄配子的传递率均低于通过雌配子的传递率.     

陆地棉三体的诱发、鉴定及其利用研究──Ⅲ雌配子发育的胚胎学观察

对３个三体（Ｆｔｒ－２，Ｆｔｒ－４和Ｆｔｒ－５），两个四体（Ｆｔｅ－４和Ｆｅｔ－５）成熟胚囊结构的胚胎学观察以及秕子率的统计分析表明，所有材料均有不同程度的胚囊败育，但不同的材料胚囊败育时期不同，Ｆｔｒ－２和Ｆｔｒ－５胚囊败育主要发生在双核胚囊期以前，Ｆｔｒ－４，Ｆｔｒ－５和Ｆｔｅ－４各时期都有一定的败育率。胚囊败育是造成Ｆｔｒ－２和Ｆｔｒ－５雌配子传递率低的主要原因，Ｆｔｒ－４雌配子传递率低是胚囊败育和幼胚败育两方面因素共同作用的结果。     

Ability of an oral formulation of afoxolaner to protect dogs from Borrelia burgdorferi infection transmitted by wild Ixodes scapularis ticks

A randomized, blinded, negative controlled study was conducted to determine whether treatment with afoxolaner (NexGard^®, Merial, Inc.) would prevent the transmission of Borrelia burgdorferi to dogs by wild caught Ixodes scapularis ticks. Twenty healthy dogs were randomly assigned to two groups of ten dogs each. Ten dogs were treated orally on Day 0 at a dose near the minimum recommended dose of afoxolaner of 2.5 mg/kg (actual doses 2.5–3.1 mg/kg) and ten control dogs were not treated. On Day 28, each dog was infested with approximately 50 adult unfed wild caught I. scapularis that had a 67% B. burgdorferi infection rate (determined by polymerase chain reaction). On Day 33, live ticks were counted and removed. No ticks were found on treated dogs while control dogs had an average of 21.4 ticks. To detect infection, the B. burgdorferi-specific C6 antibody SNAP^® 4Dx^® test (IDEXX) was performed on serum collected before infestation (all dogs seronegative on Days -6 and 27) and on Days 48, 63, 77 and 92. The ten treated dogs remained seronegative through the end of the study (Day 92), while nine out of the ten control dogs were infected, as demonstrated by their seroconversion to being positive for the presence of the B. burgdorferi-specific C6 antibody starting on Day 48. In this study, all dogs treated with NexGard^® 28 days prior to challenge with wild caught I. scapularis ticks were protected from B. burgdorferi infection, while nine out of the ten untreated control dogs were infected.     

差动轮系的传动比选择区域

研究了各种不同输入输出型式下差动轮系有关传动比的选择区域，并据此绘出了差动轮系的传动比选择区域图     

A comparative longitudinal study of bovine trypanosomiasis in tsetse-free and tsetse-infested zones of the Amhara Region, northwest Ethiopia

A study was conducted to determine the incidence of trypanosome infections in cattle in tsetse-free and tsetse-infested zones of the Amhara Region of northwest Ethiopia. A total of six sentinel herds were established and the cattle observed during a period of 8 consecutive months. The prevalence of seropositive cattle was high in both the tsetse-free and tsetse-infested zones. The average monthly incidence of trypanosome infection, determined using molecular diagnostic tools, was 20.9% and 25.7% in the tsetse-free and the tsetse-infested zones, respectively. In the tsetse-free, Trypanosoma vivax was responsible for 90.9% of the cattle trypanosome infections. In the tsetse-infested zone, Trypanosoma congolense and T. vivax contributed almost equally to the trypanosome infections in cattle. Trypanosome infection, regardless of species, resulted in anaemia as evidenced by a significant decrease in the packed cell volume of the infected animal. The outcome of this longitudinal study suggests that control of trypanosomiasis in the Amhara Region cannot be achieved by tsetse control alone. Supplemental measures to include drug therapy and biting fly control are discussed.     

Infectivity of pestivirus following persistence of acute infection

Bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) is an endemic pathogen worldwide and eradication strategies focus on the identification and removal of persistently infected (PI) animals arising after in utero infection. Despite this, acute infections with BVDV can persist for months or years after the removal of the PI source despite repeated screening for PIs and tight biosecurity measures. Recent evidence for a prolonged duration of viraemia in the testicles of bulls following acute BVDV infection suggests the possibility of a form of chronic persistence that may more closely resemble the persistence strategies of hepatitis C virus (HCV). To investigate the potential for virus transmission from infected and recovered cattle to virus naïve hosts we established an acute infection of 5 BVDV-naïve calves and monitored animals over 129 days. Infectious BVDV was detected in white blood cells between days 3 and 7 post-challenge. The animals seroconverted by day 21 post-infection and subsequently were apparently immune and free from infectious virus and viral antigen.Animals were further monitored and purified white blood cells were stimulated in vitro with phytohaemagglutinin A (PHA) during which time BVDV RNA was detected intermittently.Ninety-eight days following challenge, blood was transferred from these apparently virus-free and actively immune animals to a further group of 5 BVDV-naïve calves and transmission of infection was achieved. This indicates that BVDV-infected, recovered and immune animals have the potential to remain infectious for BVDV-naïve cohorts for longer than previously demonstrated.     

Implications derived from a mathematical model for eradication of pseudorabies virus

Simple mathematical models based on experimental and observational data were applied to evaluate the feasibility of eradicating pseudorabies virus (PRV) regionally by vaccination and to determine which factors can jeopardise eradication. As much as possible, the models were uncomplicated and our conclusions were based on mathematical analysis. For complicated situations, Monte-Carlo simulation was used to support the conclusions. For eradication, it is sufficient that the reproduction ratio R (the number of units infected by one infectious unit) is < 1. However, R can be determined at different scales: at one end the region with the herds as units and at the other end compartments with the pigs as units. Results from modelling within herds showed that contacts between groups within a herd is important whenever R between individuals (R_ind) is 1 in one or more groups. This is the case within finishing herds. In addition, if the R_ind is more than 1 within a herd, the size of the herd determines whether PRV can persist in the herd and determines the duration of persistence. Moreover, when reactivation of PRV in well-vaccinated sows is taken into account, R_ind in sow herds is still less than 1. In sow herds with group-housing systems, it is possible that in those groups R_ind is 1. Results from modelling between herds showed that whether or not R_herd is < 1 in a particular region is determined by two factors: (1) the transmission of infection between nucleus herds and rearing herds through transfer of animals and (2) contacts among finishing herds and among rearing herds. The transmission between herds can be reduced by reduction of the contact rate between herds, reduction of the herd size, and reduction of the transmission within herds.     

栗疫菌弱毒力的转化及转化菌株的毒力测定

采用配对转化和室内、大田接种的方法研究栗疫菌低毒力的传递和生防潜力。从12个配对菌株中得到了6个转化菌株,不同的dsRNA供体菌和受体菌配对转化的效率不同,转化率从0到100%不等。室内枝段接种和大田接种测定的毒力表明,6个转化菌株、12个供体菌株、6个不能转化的受体菌+供体菌、6个转化菌株+供体野生型菌株处理的相对毒力都在80%以下,4者之间没有显著性差异,比12个受体菌和12个供体野生型菌株的毒力都低,表现弱毒力或中等毒力。前4者与后2者的差异都达到极显著水平,而供体野生型菌株的毒力(相对毒力72.73%-108.69%)与受体菌的毒力差异不显著。实验表明低毒力菌株的生防潜力比预期的高。     

检测皮棉内部杂质的透射成像影响因素分析

目前对皮棉杂质检测仅限于皮棉表面的图像分析,而检测皮棉内部杂质,才是完整检测皮棉杂质的关键。在分析皮棉杂质透射特性的基础上,确定了光透射成像系统中若干成像参数。对光透射成像中的若干关键技术进行深入研究,定量分析了光源种类、光源能量与透射效果的关系,分析了增强杂质透射效果的方法。通过杂质图像的分析,可有效检测皮棉中各种内部杂质。