Selection of Homozygous Cotton Lines Transformed with Two Insect-Resistant Genes

A plant expression vector containing a chimeric Bt29K gene coding for the activated Cry1Ac protein and the arrowhead proteinase inhibitior gene API-B were introduced into the cotton cultivar Jihe321 mediated by Agrobactertium tumefaciens. Based on the results of kanamycin resistant testing, PCR detection for both foreign genes and insect bioassay using Heliethis armigera, nine transgenic homozygous cotton lines with insect-resistance of more than 90% and better agronomic traits were bred through six generations from the original transgenic plants. Results from insect bioassay and sequence analysis of the PCR products of plants from some homozygous lines indicated that the chimeric Bt29K gene was stably inherited in these transgenic cotton lines. The main agronomic characters of these homozygous cotton lines, such as boll productivity and fibre strength, were better than that of the original cotton cv. Jihe321.     

纳米级小肽螯合铜对小白鼠生长性能和免疫器官的影响

此试验的目的是探讨以硫酸铜、碱式氯化铜、蛋氨酸铜、纳米铜和纳米小肽螯合铜等不同铜源供给形式对小白鼠生长性能和免疫器官的影响。将120只18日龄小白鼠随机分为6个处理组,分别为Ⅰ（小肽＋硫酸铜组）、Ⅱ（硫酸铜组）、Ⅲ（碱式氯化铜组）、Ⅳ（蛋氨酸铜）、Ⅴ（纳米铜组）和Ⅵ（纳米小肽螯合铜）等,每个处理组设4个重复,每个重复5只小白鼠。饲喂试验分0～5d、6～12d、13～19d、20～26d和27～53d五个阶段。其中0～5d为预试验期,后四个阶段为试验期。预试期和试验期各处理组采用相同的基础日粮。试验期Ⅰ～Ⅵ组饲粮铜的含量（以铜计）在6～12d、15～19d、20～26d和27～55d四个阶段分别为2．5mg、5mg、10mg及15mg。结果表明,纳米小肽螯合铜能有效促进小鼠增重。采食不同铜源日粮对小鼠免疫器官指数的影响随饲养日龄增大而减小,并随铜的供给量由低剂量变化到正常剂量而差异减小。     

转基因植物的研究与应用

介绍了转基因植物的主要研究方法及其在各个领域中的应用现状 ,并对其今后的应用前景加以展望。     

Persistence of an oilseed rape transgene in the environment

Transgenic bromoxynil (BX)-resistant spring oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) was grown commercially in Canada only for two crop seasons – 2000 and 2001. We investigated the persistence of suspected BX-resistant oilseed rape volunteers in a 64-ha wheat field in Saskatchewan, Canada in 2007, 7 years after the BX-resistant cultivar BX Armor was grown. A small oilseed rape volunteer population, estimated at less than 100 plants, was observed in three main areas or patches in the field. These patches were located in low-lying areas that were too wet to plant or spray with herbicides in 2007. Viable seed was collected from 35 mature volunteers and F₁ progeny screened with BX at 280 g ai/ha in the greenhouse. Progeny of all of the volunteers were visually rated as BX-resistant; the presence of the Oxy 235 transgene in leaf tissue of progeny of all volunteers was confirmed by PCR analysis. This study has documented the longest persistence of oilseed rape volunteers in Canada. Volunteers were not observed in 2008 or 2009, because of drought conditions in spring of both years. Results support the findings from previous studies that persistence of volunteer oilseed rape populations in western Canada is generally ephemeral or transitory in the absence of seed bank immigration. However, this study shows that oilseed rape transgenes can persist in the environment for a number of years even after all cultivars with the conferred trait are removed from the market.     

Effects of Bacillus subtilis B10 spores on viability and biological functions of murine macrophages

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Bacillus subtilis B10 spores on the viability and biological functions of murine macrophage. RAW 264.7 cells were stimulated both with and without B. subtilis B10 spores for 12 h. Then cell viability was determined to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of B. subtilis B10 spores to the cells, and the activities of acid phosphatase (ACP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), the production of nitric oxide (NO) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and the secretion of inflammatory cytokines were measured to analyze the functions of macrophages. The results showed that B. subtilis B10 spores were not harmful to RAW 264.7 cells and they also strongly enhanced the activities of ACP and LDH (P < 0.01), remarkably increased NO and iNOS production (P < 0.01), and significantly stimulated the secretion of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α), interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ), interleukin‐1 beta (IL‐1β), IL‐6, IL‐8 and IL‐12 (P < 0.01) while they reduced anti‐inflammatory cytokine IL‐10 (P < 0.01). The outcomes suggest that B. subtilis B10 spores are not only safe for murine macrophages, but also can activate these cells and enhance their immune function. The above findings suggest that B. subtilis B10 spores are potentially probiotic.     

蒲公英多糖对小鼠免疫器官的影响

从蒲公英中提取多糖,观察其对小鼠免疫机能的影响。30只昆明种小鼠随机分成试验组和对照组,每组15只。试验持续10 d,于试验第3天给试验组小鼠灌服制备的蒲公英多糖溶液,对照组小鼠则以生理盐水灌胃。试验结束后脱颈处死小鼠,剖检,取胸腺和脾脏分别称重,并取适当组织制备切片镜检。结果显示,蒲公英多糖能显著提高脾脏指数和胸腺指数,改善器官内部组织结构,促进小鼠免疫器官的生长发育,有利于提高小鼠的免疫功能。     

以 Balb／c 小鼠为动物模型的 PCV-2疫苗效力检验方法的建立

为建立以Balb／c小鼠为动物模型的 PCV-2疫苗免疫效力检验方法,选取4周龄 SPF级雌性Balb／c 小鼠20只,随机分成4组（Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组）,每组5只,Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组分别背部皮下1点,背部皮下2点和背部皮下、腿部肌肉2点接种 PCV-2疫苗0．1、0．2、0．2 mL／只,Ⅳ组空白对照组不接种;各免疫组分别于首免疫后7、14、21 d 加强免疫一次,免疫后7、10、14、21、28、35、42 d 采血分离血清,用 ELISA 方法测定PCV-2特异性抗体,确定最佳免疫途径和免疫剂量。另选取4周龄 SPF 级雌性 Balb／c 小鼠,随机分成免疫组、攻毒对照组和健康对照组,免疫组和攻毒对照组于二免后14 d 用 PCV-2强毒株进行攻毒,比较各试验组小鼠在临床症状、病理变化、相对日增重、PCV-2核酸载量等方面差异性,确定小鼠动物模型检测指标。抗体测定表明,一免背部皮下、腿部肌肉2点免疫0．2 mL／只,间隔21 d 加强免疫为最佳免疫程序,免疫后35 d 抗体水平达到峰值,显著高于Ⅰ和Ⅱ组。对照组小鼠免疫攻毒后出现消瘦、被毛凌乱、精神紧张等临床症状,淋巴结肿胀、出血、肺脏出血等病理变化,相对日增重显著降低,PCV-2核酸载量差异在103以上等临床变化。本研究以 Balb／c 小鼠为动物模型建立了 PCV-2疫苗免疫效力检验方法,优化了小鼠免疫途径及剂量,确定了相应的检测指标及技术参数,为 PCV-2疫苗免疫效力检验奠定了基础。     

转基因玉米双抗12-5对根际土壤酶活性及 微生物多样性的影响

采用田间试验研究了转基因玉米瑞丰1号-双抗-12-5(RF1-12-5)种植对根际土壤酶活性、微生物群落的影响,可为RF1-12-5的环境释放和商业化应用提供科学的安全性评价数据支持。研究结果表明:①在5个生育期内,RF1-12-5与其非转基因对照品种瑞丰1号(RF1)根际土壤碱性蛋白酶、脲酶和酸性转化酶活性均没有显著性差异;RF1-12-5根际土壤过氧化氢酶活性在收获期、碱性磷酸酶活性在乳熟期显著低于RF1,其他生育期差异不显著。②在5个生育期内,RF1-12-5与RF1根际土壤微生物群落的Shannon多样性指数、McIntosh均匀度指数和Simpson优势度指数均不存在显著性差异,主成分分析未发现RF1-12-5与RF1根际微生物功能多样性存在规律性差异。     

转基因抗虫水稻中BT蛋白表达量的研究(英文)

对转基因抗虫水稻中Bt蛋白表达量进行研究。[方法]应用酶联免疫吸附测定法(ELISA)定量检测转基因抗虫水稻生同生长期不同部位的Bt蛋自表达量。[结果]转基因水稻灌浆期不同组织中Bt蛋白表达绝对含量的高低顺序为:叶片>未成熟种子及颖壳>根>茎杆;在水稻不同的生长发育(分蘖期、抽穗期和灌浆期)阶段,转基因Bt水稻中Bt蛋白的含量有一些变化;一般在水稻生长后期Bt蛋白的浓度有所下降,但幅度不大,对其抗性不会造成太大影响。[结论]该试验对田间害虫的防治以及转基因水稻的育种都具有重要意义。     

转基因抗虫水稻研究进展

介绍了水稻害虫及其化学防治产生的问题,综述了转基因抗虫水稻的研究进展,分析了转基因抗虫水稻的安全性,并展望了抗虫水稻转基因的发展方向。