卷烟滤嘴中三醋酸甘油酯向主流烟气的转移研究

[目的]探索卷烟滤嘴中三醋酸甘油酯向卷烟主流烟气的转移情况。[方法]将4种施加了不同含量的三醋酸甘油酯滤棒切成4份作为滤嘴卷制卷烟,考察卷烟滤嘴中三醋酸甘油酯的含量与其卷烟制品主流烟气中的三醋酸甘油酯含量的关系。[结果]随着滤棒的三醋酸甘油酯施加比例从3.06%增加到10.35%,三醋酸甘油酯转移到烟气中的量也随之提高,但转移率却由10.41%下降到4.43%。[结论]该研究为了解滤嘴中三醋酸甘油酯在卷烟主流烟气中的转移情况提供了依据。     

我国农村剩余劳动力转移问题研究综述

我国农村剩余劳动力转移问题自改革开放以来就突出地表现出来,直接影响到我国的经济发展和社会稳定。鉴于这个问题的特殊性和现实性,学术界以往的研究已经很丰富,但缺乏系统全面的整合。笔者首先对农村剩余劳动力转移的研究对象和内容体系进行了确定,然后对其主要研究内容进行了梳理、阐述和评价,最后对其未来研究的方向作出了展望。     

猪流感病毒NP基因的克隆及杆状病毒转移载体的构建

本研究通过RT-PCR扩增了猪流感病毒A/ Swine/ Inner Mongolia/ 547/ 01 (H3N2)的NP基因,并将其克隆入pMD 18-T载体.重组pMD 18-T经Sal I 和 EcoR I酶切后得到的NP基因插入pMelBacB载体的Sal I/EcoRI位点.PCR和限制性内切酶分析鉴定表明成功构建了pMelBacB-NP转移载体.这为开发NP诊断抗原和亚单位疫苗奠定了基础.     

三亚市10年间景观格局变化分析

为了充分了解热带滨海城市发展过程中景观变化特征及其影响因素,利用基于SPOT的影像数据,应用RS、GIS 软件和景观生态学方法,以海南省三亚市作为研究对象,分析了2002—2012 年三亚市土地利用及景观格局的动态变化情况。结果表明：（1）三亚市仍以耕地和阔叶林为主,建设用地大幅度增加,各土地利用类型有相互转移表现,2002—2012 年,水田面积减少了25.75%,水库/坑塘减少6.21%;草丛、建设用地和旱地面积分别增加143.16%、86.89%和10.20%;（2）运用景观格局指数和转移矩阵分析,得出研究区域景观斑块总体数量减少,说明这期间三亚景观破碎化趋势降低,主要由于人类活动的干扰不断加强,城市化进程加快使原来分散的乡镇村落等居民集中地聚集成片,转变为城市化建筑群,从而导致了研究区域景观破碎化程度的下降。     

一种新型卷积神经网络植物叶片识别方法

为提高植物叶片识别的准确率及减少计算代价,在Pytorch框架下提出一种融合了深度卷积生成式对抗网络(DCGAN)和迁移学习(TL)的新型卷积神经网络叶片识别方法。首先,对植物叶片图像进行预处理,通过DCGAN对样本数据库扩充;其次,利用迁移学习将Inception v3模型应用于图像数据处理上,以提高植物叶片识别的准确率;最后,通过对比实验对该方法的有效性进行验证。结果表明:该方法可以获得96.57%的植物叶片识别精度,同时参数训练的迭代次数由4000次缩短到560次。     

南水北调河北省受水区水资源可持续利用AHP量化研究

为了充分利用调入水,实现南水北调河北省受水区水资源可持续利用,以受水区7个设区市为主要研究对象,考虑2010年南水北调工程建成为前提,预测了7个设区市现状水平年为2005年和预测的2010、2015、2020、2025、2030年在95%保证率下供需平衡状况,以此为依据,确定各设区市水资源可持续利用的权重系数,利用层次分析法(AHP)构建河北省受水区水资源可持续利用评价模型,进行定性分析和定量计算,对加大治污力度、控制地下水开采、加强节水措施、完善技术管理这4项水资源可持续利用对策进行重要程度排序。得出整个受水区及7个设区市主要可持续利用对策的重要程度排序:整个受水区可持续利用对策中,控制地下水开采最重要,其次是治污措施;邯郸市完善技术管理最重要,其次是控制地下水开采。     

Application of modal analysis by transfer function to nondestructive testing of wood II: modulus of elasticity evaluation of sections of differing quality in a wooden beam by the curvature of the flexural vibration wave

 The shape of the flexural vibration wave of wooden beams at the first mode was detected using the transfer function. The dynamic modulus of elasticity (MOE) of beam sections of differing quality was estimated from the ratio of the curvature of the wave shape in this section to that of a clear beam. The results were as follows: (1) If a section with a lower dynamic MOE was introduced into a clear wooden beam, the curvature of the wave shape in that section became higher. (2) The ratio of the MOE and the reciprocal of the curvature ratio were highly correlated. (3) The MOE of a defect could be estimated, and the position of the defect could be determined accurately by examining the curvature of the flexural vibration wave shapes. Received: March 22, 2002 / Accepted: May 15, 2002 Part of this report was presented at the 50th Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Kyoto, April 2000. This article is translated from the Japanese version, which was published in Mokuzai Gakkaishi 47(5), 2001 Correspondence to:Y. Ishimaru     

引江济汉工程起始段面源污染现状及防治对策

指出了防治面源污染是保护水源地的重要措施。对引江济汉工程起始段面源污染现状进行了调查分析,结果表明:引江济汉工程运行后,农田面积减少了40%,其中部分农田改为蔬菜等经济作物用地;化肥使用总量下降了41.7%,农药的使用总量也呈相同趋势下降,但农用地的平均化肥、农药使用量未发生显著变化,工程前后基本持平;区内水渠、沟渠阻塞严重,配套基础水利设施匮乏,灌溉条件差,地表径流与灌溉用水任意流失,面源污染的潜在威胁大,急需采取有针对性的治理措施。有针对性地提出了面源污染防治对策建议。     

南水北调东线徐州段水环境现状及其污染防治对策

对南水北调东线徐州段7个控制断面2004年水质监测结果进行评价分析,结果表明,水质达标率仅为42.9%,水体污染以耗氧性污染物和氨氮为特征的有机污染为主。结合当地实际,分析了南水北调东线徐州段水质超标的原因,并根据当地经济、自然特征,提出了针对性较强、切实可行的水污染防治对策和措施。     

Factors associated with morbidity,mortality, and growth of dairy heifer calves up to 3 months of age

Calfhood disease is an important problem on many dairy operations that can have substantial effects on heifer survival and productivity, and has economic and welfare impacts. Neonatal calf diarrhea (NCD) and bovine respiratory disease (BRD) are the most common causes of morbidity and mortality in young dairy cattle. The objective of this observational study was to investigate factors associated with the risks of morbidity and mortality, and with growth, in commercial dairy heifers calves. A total of 2874 heifer calves from 19 commercial dairy farms in Minnesota and Ontario were enrolled at 1–7 days of age and followed for approximately 3 months. Using cut-points of serum total protein of 5.2 and 5.7 g/dl, the incidences of failure of transfer of passive immunity (FTPI) were 11 and 32%, respectively. A cut-point of 5.7 g/dl was the most predictive of BRD before 5 weeks of age (sensitivity = 40%, specificity = 69%). The positive predictive value was poor (PPV = 18%), but the negative predictive value was good (NPV = 87%). A cut-point of 5.2 g/dl was most predictive of death before 5 weeks of age (sensitivity = 27%, specificity = 89%, PPV = 5%, NPV = 98%). Serum total protein during the first week of life was a poor predictor of NCD. Over 23% of calves were treated for diarrhea. Risk factors were weight at enrollment, other diseases before 2 weeks of age, and an interaction between season of birth and herd-level incidence of NCD. Almost 22% of calves were treated at least once for BRD. Factors associated with an increased risk of BRD included herd-level incidence of BRD, season of birth, navel dipping, other diseases before 2 weeks of age, failure of transfer of passive immunity, and manual control of temperature in pre-weaning housing. Administration of supplemental antibody products at birth was associated with a reduced incidence of BRD. Overall mortality was 3.5%. Risk of mortality was increased by treatment for BRD and other diseases. The mean average weight gain was 0.95 kg/day (range: 0.11–1.62 kg/day; SD = 0.2). Twinning status, FTP, treatment for NCD or other diseases, and month of birth influenced body weight. This study illustrated relationships among various diseases, mortality, and growth. Furthermore, it demonstrated the importance of colostrum for protection against BRD and improved growth performance, while bringing into question the optimal method of determining failure of transfer of passive immunity.