浙南地区杉木杂交组合再选择的研究

对4片定植于浙江和江西两地的全同胞试验林进行调查,评选出的若干优良杂交组合,进行重复制种和区域 化造林试验。于2001年11月份调查了遂昌试点3年生的杉木全同胞试验林,测定树高,地径,轮盘数,冠幅和成活 率5个性状,经过方差分析,方差一协方差分析和综合指数分析,初步评出9702(龙15×1339);9706(1419×1339); 9703(龙15×闽33)3个全同胞家系,其表聊突出,3年生树高超过223 cm,同时适应性也强,造林成活率在97．9％ 以上,值得在浙江省南部类似地区推广应用。     

温室测控技术的发展及我国温室测控面临的问题

介绍了国内外温室测控技术的发展历史、现状、发展趋势及研究动向,提出了进一步发展我国温室测控技术、提高我国温室现代化程度所亟待研究和解决的问题.     

模态分析在板材不同位置孔洞缺陷检测中的应用

采用模态分析技术对落叶松板材试件进行振动测试,获取了试件的频响函数,并运用单模态法对频响函数进行了参数辨识,得到了试件的前四阶固有频率和前三阶模态振型.研究表明,含有孔洞试件的固有频率与标准试件相比略低一些,但差别不大.试件在含有孔洞的节点处模态振型会发生突变,因而可运用模态分析技术判定孔洞在试件上的具体位置,对板材孔洞缺陷进行定量检测.     

基于计算机断层扫描技术的木材密度检测研究

使用计算机断层扫描技术进行原木无损检测,通过对原木树种断层 CT 值的统计,对 CT 设备在检测过程中的窗宽与窗位进行了设定,同时拟合出了木材 CT 值一密度值的线性方程,为原木缺陷的无损检测及木材密度的测定提供一种新方法。     

林业专家系统软件开发测试方案的探讨

针对我国林业专家系统设计特点和研究中存在的问题,讨论了林业专家系统软件规范性测试的若干问题.从数据库测试、知识库测试、人工智能领域的测试、维护、健壮性测试等角度,分析研究软件测试技术在开发林业专家系统的应用及重要作用,并通过一个林业专家系统测试实例提出了一套全新的软件测试方案.     

Testing and evaluation of natural durability of wood in above ground conditions in Europe – an overview

Natural durability of wood is determined by the European standard EN 252 for specimens in ground contact and EN 113 for basidiomycetes in the laboratory, but no test exists for above ground conditions. For above ground conditions, the European prestandard ENV 12037 and EN 330 are used to determine the durability of treated wood. The most important factors for fungal establishment on the surface and within wood are the moisture content, the surrounding temperature, and the relative humidity. Strength tests are the most sensitive for decay detection, but neither strength tests nor identification of fungi responsible for the decay are included in the standards of above ground durability in field tests. To detect decay, visual examination, pick or splinter tests, and mass loss determination are used. Identifying fungi with traditional methods, e.g., growth on solid medium, is time consuming and complicated. Molecular methods like polymerase chain reaction and sequencing do not require mycological skill for identification to species level, and furthermore the methods do not depend on the subjective judgement like most traditional methods, but are based on the objective information of the target organism (e.g., nucleotide sequences). The next generation of standard field tests will probably consider the drawbacks of standard tests today and be rapid and include both quality tests like molecular identification and nondestructive quantitative tests, e.g., acoustic tests. Laboratory tests can be improved by using fungi identified from field trials and by combining different fungi in the same test and thus simulate degradation in practice.     

Application of modal analysis by transfer function to nondestructive testing of wood II: modulus of elasticity evaluation of sections of differing quality in a wooden beam by the curvature of the flexural vibration wave

 The shape of the flexural vibration wave of wooden beams at the first mode was detected using the transfer function. The dynamic modulus of elasticity (MOE) of beam sections of differing quality was estimated from the ratio of the curvature of the wave shape in this section to that of a clear beam. The results were as follows: (1) If a section with a lower dynamic MOE was introduced into a clear wooden beam, the curvature of the wave shape in that section became higher. (2) The ratio of the MOE and the reciprocal of the curvature ratio were highly correlated. (3) The MOE of a defect could be estimated, and the position of the defect could be determined accurately by examining the curvature of the flexural vibration wave shapes. Received: March 22, 2002 / Accepted: May 15, 2002 Part of this report was presented at the 50th Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Kyoto, April 2000. This article is translated from the Japanese version, which was published in Mokuzai Gakkaishi 47(5), 2001 Correspondence to:Y. Ishimaru     

Decay Detection of Ancient Wood Rafters in Tibet by Stress Wave Testing Method

Visual classification and stress wave non-destructive testing technology were adopted to evaluate the decay status of ancient Populus wood members （rafters） replaced from the Potala Palace. The decay status of wood members was evaluated by stress wave testing and visual observation. For most of the ancient wood members, the evaluation results by two methods were consistent with each other. Also stress wave testing techniques can find the internal wood member decay to eliminate the hidden hazard for ancient wood members, and offer relatively accurate quantitative information for the safety status of ancient wood members. Thus during the maintaining for ancient architectures, visual observation combined with stress wave testing techniques is a good way to evaluate the degradation of ancient wood members.     

Challenges of thermal nociceptive threshold testing in the donkey

ObjectiveTo evaluate a thermal nociceptive threshold (TNT) testing device in the donkey, and the influence of potential confounding factors on TNTs.AnimalsTwo groups (Group 1 and Group 2) of eight castrated male donkeys aged 4–9 years, weighing 105–170 kg.MethodsTNTs were measured by heating a thermal probe on skin until an end-point behaviour (threshold temperature) or a cut-out temperature (51 °C) was reached. The withers and the dorsal aspect of the distal limb were used as sites for TNT testing. The effects on TNT of different confounding factors: the limb tested; rate of heating; and ambient temperature were evaluated. Data were analyzed using general linear models, and Mann-Whitney tests, p < 0.05 was considered significant.ResultsEnd-point behaviours (skin twitch or donkey looking at test device) when the thermal probe heated the withers were observed in approximately half of tests. TNT was (mean ± SD) 46.8 ± 2.85 °C. Subsequently the limb was evaluated as the test site in Group 1 followed by Group 2 donkeys; end-point behaviour being a foot-lift. In Group 1, 72% of tests ended in an end-point behaviour but the response rate was lower in Group 2 (20%), although TNTs were similar [(47.6 ± 3.3) and (47.3 ± 3.0) °C respectively] for responding animals. Rate of heating, ambient temperature and laterality (right or left) did not affect thresholds, but mean TNT was significantly higher in the forelimb (48.5 ± 2.8 °C) than the hind limb (47.4 ± 2.8 °C) (p = 0.012).ConclusionsWhen a thermal probe cut-out temperature of 51 °C was used in TNT testing in the donkey a high proportion of tests did not produce an identifiable end point behaviour. Higher cut-out temperatures damaged the skin. Under these conditions, thermal nociceptive threshold testing appears not be an appropriate analgesiometry technique in the donkey.Clinical relevanceTNT testing under these conditions is not suitable form of analgesiometry for donkeys.     

便携式豆类品质监控系统研究

传统的破坏性检测方法已难以满足豆类品质快速检测的需求。现有的无损检测设备存在稳定性及准确性不高等问题,为提高豆类品质含量检测装置的性能,基于近红外光谱技术研发了豆类品质无损检测装置,体积小、便于携带,能够适用于现场检测。基于所研发的装置,各取30个黄豆、绿豆、红豆、黑豆样本,通过旋转静态采集多次光谱求平均值与采集1次光谱的方式,对同一样品重复测量20次,得出随着采集次数的增加,光谱反射率变异系数平均值逐渐减小直至平缓,选取最佳豆类采集次数分别为16、8、14、16,对应的光谱变异系数平均值为2.9%、2.435%、2.763%、3.019%。以黄豆为例,选取80个样品,使用不同的预处理方法,分别建立黄豆蛋白质、粗脂肪和淀粉含量的偏最小二乘预测模型,结果表明,蛋白质、粗脂肪、淀粉质量分数预测的最优模型预处理方式分别为SG-MSC、SNV、SNV,其预测集相关系数R_p分别为0.974 6、0.950 5、0.960 7,均方根误差分别为0.249%、0.572%、0.623%。取40个黄豆样本对装置模型进行试验验证,蛋白质、粗脂肪、淀粉质量分数的独立验证相关系数R