青海省互助县牦牛弓形虫病血清学调查

应用IHA方法对青海省互助县7个地区100份牦牛血清进行了弓形虫病血清学调查,以抗体效价≥1:64为阳性判定标准,结果表明互助县7个地区不同程度感染牦牛弓形虫病,平均感染率为12.15%。并且不同性别的牦牛弓形虫阳性率差异不显著(P0.05),说明互助地区的牦牛群中弓形虫病的阳性率与性别无关。     

弓形虫病免疫学诊断方法研究进展

弓形虫病是一种分布广泛、危害严重的人兽共患病,不但在公共卫生上有很重要的意义,而且对畜牧业也造成巨大经济损失.为了寻找敏感、特异、快速的弓形虫病诊断方法,国内外学者在弓形虫病诊断方面进行了大量研究.目前,弓形虫病调查、诊断的方法有病原学方法、免疫学方法、分子生物学方法,但免疫学方法仍是进行弓形虫感染调查、弓形虫病诊断的常用方法.检测抗弓形虫抗体或循环抗原的免疫学诊断方法主要有染色试验(DT)、凝集试验(AT)、酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)、免疫胶体金技术等.文章就该病的免疫学诊断方法的研究进展加以概述.     

猪附红细胞体病并发弓形虫病的诊治

[目的]诊断吉林省延边州某养猪场发病原因。[方法]对病猪的临床症状和病理剖检变化进行了观察,采集血液样本进行病原学检测和抗体检测,提取病猪的组织与血液DNA进行PCR分子生物学检测。[结果]根据临床症状、病理剖检变化以及实验室检测结果,确诊为猪附红细胞体病与弓形虫病混合感染。采取血呼平和速复欣拌料给药,并结合附红血注射液肌注给药的中西医结合的方式进行治疗,取得了满意的效果。[结论]该研究可为猪场类似疾病的诊治提供依据。     

猪弓浆虫病的临床症状诊断方法及防治措施

猪弓浆虫病是由真球虫目、肉孢子虫科、弓形虫亚科、弓型虫属的弓浆虫引发的疾病 ,其主要特征是“猪无名高热”。初期表现精神沉郁、呼吸繁促 ,皮肤有针状出血点 ;中期步态不稳 ,多如犬坐 ;重症多伴有拉稀、心力衰竭和败血症而死亡。临床诊断应以血检为主 ,注意与猪肠型炭疽、猪瘟的鉴别。治疗以驱虫消炎补液为主 ,用青、链霉素配合 VB1 、VC、氨基比林 ,每天两次 ,早期诊疗 ,一般 3- 5天即可痊愈     

Comparison of Different Commercial Serological Tests for the Detection of Toxoplasma gondii Antibodies in Serum of Naturally Exposed Pigs

Toxoplasma gondii is the aetiological agent of the zoonotic disease toxoplasmosis and transmitted among other ways by chemically and physically untreated, that is, raw pork to humans. The detection of Toxoplasma gondii is impossible by currently practiced meat inspection, but serological tests can be used to detect Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in pig herds and can consequently be helpful to identify potentially contaminated pork. Therefore, appropriate serological tests are required. In this study, serum samples of 1368 naturally exposed slaughter pigs from 73 Austrian farms were collected. Serum samples of at least 16 slaughter pigs per farm were tested. The prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in serum was measured by a commercial available modified agglutination test (MAT) and compared to three different commercial available enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). The MAT detected 6.5%, ELISA I 6.7%, ELISA II 4.8% and ELISA III 4.3% of the pigs as Toxoplasma gondii antibody positive. The agreement, according to the kappa coefficient (κ), was substantial between the MAT and ELISA I (κ = 0.62), II (κ = 0.64) and III (κ = 0.67). A better agreement was determined between ELISA I and II (κ = 0.715), ELISA I and III (κ = 0.747) and ELISA II and III (κ = 0.865). At least one pig per farm was detected Toxoplasma gondii antibody positive in 17 (23.3%) farms by the MAT, 26 (35.6%) farms by ELISA I, 16 (21.9%) farms by ELISA II and 11 (15.1%) farms by ELISA III. Pig farms with a high number of Toxoplasma gondii antibody‐positive pigs or high antibody titres were identified by all of the four used serological tests. Concerning the occurrence of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in Austrian pig farms, a monitoring and surveillance programme would be reasonable to find high‐risk farms.     

Serological survey of Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii in cattle (Bos indicus) and water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) in ten provinces of Brazil

The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of antibodies to Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii among 500 cattle (Bos indicus) and 500 buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) using the indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) technique. Blood samples from were collected from water buffalo and cattle in 10 municipalities in the northern region of Brazil. The frequency of cattle and water buffaloes seropositive for Neospora caninum in Pará state, Brazil, was 55% and 44%, respectively, and the frequency of cattle and water buffaloes seropositive for Toxoplasma gondii was 52% and 39%, respectively. Seropositivity for both N. caninum and T. gondii was detected in 10.6% of the cattle samples and 14.8% of the buffalo samples. The frequency of cattle positive for N. caninum and T. gondii was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than that of buffalo in two and three provinces, respectively. Buffaloes had a lower seroprevalence for N. caninum or T. gondii in all of the provinces studied. These results suggest that both species, when exposed to the same risks for N. caninum and T. gondii infection, have a high serological prevalence. Cattle showed a higher probability of being seropositive when exposed to the same risks for N. caninum and T. gondii. Our study, which included an extensive number of blood samples, provides important epidemiological information pertinent to buffalo production in tropical countries that can be used as a basis for disease-management practices in Latin America.     

High rate of feline immunodeficiency virus infection in cats in the Brazilian semiarid region: Occurrence,associated factors and coinfection with Toxoplasma gondii and feline leukemia virus

To evaluate the occurrence of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and factors associated with this and to demonstrate occurrences of coinfection with Toxoplasma gondii and feline leukemia virus (FeLV) in cats, a total of 103 blood samples were collected from owned cats, during home visits. To diagnose FIV and FeLV, immunochromatographic kit was used and serological diagnoses of T. gondii, the indirect immunofluorescence test was performed. The occurrence of FIV-seropositive cats was 23.3% (24/103) and the factor associated with infection was male sex. T. gondii seropositivity of 53.4% (55/103) was observed and 75% of FIV cases (18/24) were positive for T. gondii coinfection. Only 0.9% (1/103) was positive for FeLV. It can be concluded that the seroprevalence of FIV in cats in the Brazilian semiarid region is high and that FIV positive cats were also likely to be T. gondii seropositive, while FeLV had very low occurrence in the study region.     

伊川县猪弓形虫病血清学调查与分析

利用间接血凝试验,对河南省伊川县部分规模化猪场的897份血清样品进行了弓形虫抗体检测,以抗体效价≥1：64为阳性判定标准,结果发现,上述被检样品的总阳性率为17．7％（159／897）,母猪、保育仔猪、育肥猪的阳性率分别为27．9％（76／272）、158％（29／183）、12．2％（51／442）。阳性母猪、保育仔猪和育肥猪抗体效价的几何平均数分别为1：229．4、1：89．4、1：169．7。     

青海地区喜马拉雅旱獭弓形虫病的ELISA检测

用弓形虫的重组蛋白GST-SAG1作为ELISA诊断抗原,进行了ELISA诊断方法的建立,并对青海省喜马拉雅旱獭进行了弓形虫病的血清学调查。经对所收集的68份喜马拉雅旱獭血清抗体进行检测,共检出阳性血清15份,阳性率约为22.06%,表明青海省喜马拉雅旱獭中存在弓形虫病的感染。     

Toxoplasma gondii in invasive animals on the Island of Fernando de Noronha in Brazil: Molecular characterization and mouse virulence studies of new genotypes

This study aimed to genetically characterize and to determine virulence from Toxoplasma gondii samples from invasive animals in the Island of Fernando de Noronha, Brazil. Blood samples were collected from 21 tegu-lizard (Salvator merianae), 12 rock-cavies (Kerodon rupestris) and 154 black-rats (Rattus rattus) from the Island and MAT (cutoff 1:25) detected anti-T. gondii antibodies in 0% of the tegus (0/21); 58.3% of the rock-cavies (7/12) and 22.7% of rats (35/154). Tissue samples (brain, heart, liver and lung) from positive animals in MAT were collected for molecular analysis and for bioassay in Swiss Webster mice. After observation period, mice were euthanized, and serological detection and tissue cyst search in the brain were performed. The brain of positive animals for serological detection or tissue cyst search was cultured in MARC-145 cells for maintenance of the T. gondii isolate. No isolate was obtained from rock cavies. Nine isolates were obtained by bioassay of 35 seropositive black rats. DNA samples were extracted from rat tissues and from parasite isolates in cell culture, and genotyped using 10 PCR-RFLP markers. ToxoDB genotypes #78 (1) from rat tissue and #146 (4), #163 (2), #260 (2) and #291 (1) from cell culture were detected. Markers of genes ROP18 and ROP5 were analyzed and in vivo virulence test was conducted in mice. Analysis revealed two allele combinations, 3/1 and 3/3, indicating non-lethal T. gondii strains, which is supported by mouse virulence test.