弓形虫病诊断方法研究进展

弓形虫病是一种分布广泛、危害严重的人兽共患病。因此建立快速、准确、特异的弓形虫病诊断方法尤为重要,本文就该病的诊断方法研究进展加以简要概述。     

Infectious diseases of dogs and cats on Isabela Island, Galapagos

BACKGROUND: Vaccination and importation of dogs and cats are prohibited in the Galapagos, resulting in a uniquely isolated population. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of infectious diseases of dogs and cats that impact their health, could spill over to native wildlife, or sentinel diseases of concern to humans. HYPOTHESIS: The isolation of dogs and cats in the Galapagos protects them from diseases common in mainland populations. ANIMALS: Ninety-five dogs and 52 cats presented during a neutering campaign. METHODS: A prospective cross-sectional study was performed. Blood was collected for serological and DNA evaluation of a panel of infectious diseases. RESULTS: Antibodies against parvovirus (100%), parainfluenza virus (100%), adenovirus 1/2 (66-67%), and distemper virus (22%) were present in dogs. Dirofilaria immitis was also common in dogs (34%), with lower prevalences of Wolbachia pipiens (22%), Bartonella sp. (13%), Ehrlichia/Anaplasma spp. (1%), and Mycoplasma haemocanis (1%) observed. Antibodies against panleukopenia virus (67%), Toxoplasma gondii (63%), calicivirus (44%), and herpesvirus 1 (10%) were detected in cats. Feline leukemia virus antigen, feline immunodeficiency virus antibody, or coronavirus antibodies were not detected. Bartonella sp. (44%) infections were common in cats, but only one was infected with M. haemofelis. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Despite their relative seclusion from the rest of the world, cats and dogs of Isabela were exposed to many pathogens found in mainland South America. Parasite prophylaxis, neutering, and strict enforcement of animal movement restrictions would control a majority of the diseases. In the absence of vaccination, a reservoir of susceptible animals remains vulnerable to new disease introductions.     

天峻县半野血牦牛弓形虫病血清学检测

应用弓形虫抗体间接血凝诊断试剂,对半血野公牦牛84份进行了弓形虫抗体的检测,结果检出22份阳性血清,血清阳性率26.19%。为该地区制定有效措施防治牦牛弓形虫病提供了一定的参考依据。     

弓形虫病病原的实验诊断研究进展

综述了诊断弓形虫病的方法,包括血清学试验、核酸检测(如PCR)、组织学检测寄生虫和/或其抗原(如免疫过氧化酶染色)或组织分离。其他较少使用的方法包括细胞培养、动物接种、弓形虫皮肤试验和抗原特异性淋巴细胞转化试验。论述了细胞培养、动物接种、血清学方法和核酸检测方法检测弓形虫的研究进展。     

一种简易,快速检测弓形虫循环抗原的酶联免疫吸附试验

应用双抗体酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)夹心法,检测人工感染弓形虫兔血清循环抗原(CAg)的结果:潜伏期内的阳性检出率为10％;急性期和亚急性期的阳性率为40％～100％;慢性早期为20％。检出弓形虫抗原量为0.63μg/ml。本法与血吸虫、肺吸虫、丝虫、钩虫、蛔虫及旋毛虫抗原试验,均呈阴性。上述结果表明,本法具有特异、敏感、简易、快速等特点,可作为急性弓形虫病的快速诊断方法。     

Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in free-ranging wild boars hunted for human consumption in Estonia

Background

Although the prevalence of human Toxoplasma gondii infections is high in Estonia, no information is available on the prevalence of infections in the local animal populations. Wild boars are a good indicator species for estimating the prevalence and spread of T. gondii and were thus investigated in this nationwide cross-sectional study. Volunteer hunters sampled cardiac or skeletal muscle of 471 wild boars legally hunted for human consumption in Estonia during the hunting season of 2012–2013. Serosanguineous meat juice samples were obtained from thawed tissue samples, diluted 1:40, and screened for specific anti-T. gondii IgG antibodies with a commercial direct agglutination test.

Results

Almost one-quarter (113; 24%) of the wild boars examined were seropositive for T. gondii. The seroprevalence did not differ significantly between age groups or sexes. The seroprevalence was lowest in Viljandimaa, which is located in the southern part of Estonia. In other counties, the infection was evenly prevalent.

Conclusions

In Estonia, wild boars are commonly exposed to T. gondii, which is endemic and widespread. The consumption of raw or undercooked meat of Estonian wild boars may pose an infection risk to humans and other hosts.     

福建省猪弓形虫病流行病学调查

用IHA方法对我省6个地区猪场520份血清进行了弓形虫病血清学调查,结果我省猪场不同程度的感染了弓形虫病,平均感染率为28%,感染率由20.0%~39.6%不等,这表明许多规模猪场虽未发生典型的弓形虫病临床症状,但该病对福建省猪群感染已达到一定程度,应该引起养猪业的高度重视。     

猪弓形虫血清学检测方法比较

采用弓形虫间接血凝试验（IHA）和弓形虫IgG抗体ELISA两种方法检测来自宁夏区内16个规模场61个散养户的510份猪血清。结果显示,两种方法存在关联性,前者阳性率为19.22%,后者阳性率为22.94%。表明宁夏区内不同类别的养猪场户存在弓形虫病的感染,此外,ELISA方法检测弓形虫抗体检出率高于间接血凝试验。     

青海省三角城种羊场部分流产母羊的血清学检测

应用布鲁氏菌病RBPT、衣原体和弓形虫IHA,对来自青海省三角城种羊场发生流产的23只生产母羊血清进行特异性血清抗体的检测,结果检出衣原体阳性血清3份,阳性率为13.04%:未检出布氏杆菌和弓形虫阳性血清。     

Immunological response and markers of cell damage in seropositive horses for Toxoplasma gondii

Toxoplasmosis is an important parasitic disease affecting several species of mammals, but little is known about this disease in horses. This study aimed to investigate the levels of several immunological variables and markers of cell damage in the serum of seropositive horses for Toxoplasma gondii. Sera samples of adult horses from the Santa Catarina State, Brazil used on a previous study were divided into groups according to their antibody levels for T. gondii determined by immunofluorescence assay, i.e. 20 samples from seronegative horses (Group A – control), 20 samples from horses with titers of 1:64 (Group B), 20 samples of horses with titers of 1:256 (Group C), and five samples from horses with titers of 1:1024 (Group D). Positive animals (Groups B, C, and D) had higher levels of immunoglobulins (IgM and IgG), pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1, IL-4, and IL-6) and protein C-reactive protein, as well as lower levels of IL-10 (anti-inflammatory cytokine) when compared to seronegative horses (Group A). The nitric oxide levels were also elevated in seropositive horses. Therefore, we have found humoral and cellular immune responses in seropositive horses, and a correlation between high antibody levels and inflammatory mediators. Markers of cell injury by lipid peroxidation (TBARS) and protein oxidation (AOPP) were elevated in animals seropositives for T. gondii when compared to seronegatives. Therefore, seropositive horses to T. gondii can keep active immune responses against the parasite. As a consequence with chronicity of disease, they show cellular lesions that may lead to tissue damage with the appearance of clinical disease.