Interleukin 1, a mediator of immunoadjuvant peptidoglycans

Bacterial peptidoglycans and the synthetic analog muramyl dipeptide possess various immunomodulating properties (adjuvant effect, increase of resistance to infectious agents and to tumor growth). They are able to induce B cell activation and to stimulate macrophages to produce monokines such as Interleukin 1 (IL 1). IL 1 plays an essential role in immune response. It promotes thymocytes maturation and Interleukin 2 secretion by antigen sensitive T cells, which in turn triggers regulatory T cells. Moreover, it is involved in the proliferation and differentiation of B cells.

There is a correlation between the immunoenhancing effect of PG of a definite structure and their ability to induce IL 1 secretion. Non-adjuvant PG were inactive. This suggests that one of the major mechanisms of action of adjuvant PG could be the stimulation of IL 1 synthesis.     

敲低组蛋白甲基转移酶ASH1L基因对牛卵丘细胞表达谱的影响

旨在研究干扰类缺失的、小的、同源异形1(absent,small,or homeotic 1-like,ASH1L)甲基转移酶基因表达对牛卵丘细胞表达谱的影响.本研究采用经过筛选的siRNA干扰牛卵丘细胞中ASH1L基因的表达,分别收集干扰组和对照组细胞(野生型)进行RNA测序及基因差异表达、基因功能、信号通路、可变剪...     

桑树新品种育71-1的育成初报

育71—1是通过杂交、单株选择、株系选择和品比试验等一系列选育程序,培育成功的新桑树品种。其主要经济特性与湖桑32号相比,发芽期早2—3天,发芽率提高28.7％,产叶量提高47.7％,叶质较优,丝质成绩相仿;抗旱性较强。目前,正在江苏的海安、溧阳及山东等部分地区试种。     

羊弓形虫病间接ELISA诊断方法的建立

为比较5种弓形虫抗原的诊断效果,建立实用的羊弓形虫病诊断方法,本研究制备了弓形虫速殖子全虫抗原和4个重组蛋白(GRA1、MIC3、MAG、BAG1),正交试验比较其免疫反应性,从中筛选出相对优势抗原并建立羊弓形虫病间接ELISA(iELISA)诊断方法,用于检测弓形虫特异的IgG抗体。研究结果表明：除BAG1外上述4种抗原均具有较好的免疫反应性,综合考虑选择致密颗粒蛋白1(GRA1)作为诊断抗原建立了GRA1-iELISA,其检测弓形虫抗体灵敏度大于1∶100(血清稀释度),且不与羊莫氏巴贝斯虫、吕氏泰勒虫、捻转血毛线虫阳性血清发生交叉反应,特异性良好;运用建立的方法和改良凝集试验分别对采自山羊屠宰场的80份血清样品进行检测,测得的弓形虫感染阳性率分别为28.75%(23/80)和31.25%(25/80),二者总符合率为82.5%。本研究建立的ELISA检测方法对羊弓形虫病的诊断以及商业化试剂盒的开发具有重要参考价值。     

Putative human and avian risk factors for avian influenza virus infections in backyard poultry in Egypt

Highly pathogenic influenza A virus subtype H5N1 causes significant poultry mortality in the six countries where it is endemic and can also infect humans. Egypt has reported the third highest number of poultry outbreaks (n = 1084) globally. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to identify putative risk factors for H5N1 infections in backyard poultry in 16 villages in Damietta, El Gharbia, Fayoum, and Menofia governorates from 2010–2012. Cloacal and tracheal swabs and serum samples from domestic (n = 1242) and wild birds (n = 807) were tested for H5N1 via RT-PCR and hemagglutination inhibition, respectively. We measured poultry rearing practices with questionnaires (n = 306 households) and contact rates among domestic and wild bird species with scan sampling. Domestic birds (chickens, ducks, and geese, n = 51) in three governorates tested positive for H5N1 by PCR or serology. A regression model identified a significant correlation between H5N1 in poultry and the practice of disposing of dead poultry and poultry feces in the garbage (F = 15.7, p < 0.0001). In addition, contact between domestic and wild birds was more frequent in villages where we detected H5N1 in backyard flocks (F = 29.5, p < 0.0001).     

堆型艾美耳球虫子孢子表面抗原基因cSZ1的克隆及序列分析

根据已报道的堆型艾美耳球虫(Eimeria acervulina)子孢子表面抗原基因cSZ1的cDNA序列设计特异性引物,以孢子化12h的E.acervulina广东株卵囊的总RNA为模板,用RT-PCR方法成功克隆了其子孢子表面抗原基因cSZ1(cSZ1(Gd))的cDNA。所克隆cSZ1(Gd)的cDNA全长940bp,其中第3～512位是其阅读框架,共编码170个氨基酸,两端为非编码区。与已报道的cSZ1基因的cDNA序列相比,cSZ1(Gd)有4个位置的核苷酸发生了变异,即原序列中第294、443、569、586位的G、G、G、A在cSZ1(Gd)分别为A、A、A、G,二者核苷酸序列的同源性为99.57％(936/940),其中阅读框架的核苷酸同源性为99.61%(508/510)。比较根据核苷酸序列推导的氨基酸序列,第294位的变异导致了所编码氨基酸由缬氨酸(V)变为异亮氨酸(Ⅰ),而第443位的变异则为无义突变,氨基酸序列的同源性为99.41％(169/170)。     

氨基酸缺乏诱导细胞自噬的哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白复合体C1信号通路机制研究进展

自噬是机体维持自身稳态的一种重要生理活动,当体内氨基酸或葡萄糖等营养缺乏时,细胞会启动自噬。自噬受到多种信号通路的调节,哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白复合体C1(m TORC1)信号通路是其中重要的一条,它可以使自噬相关基因13(Atg13)磷酸化,抑制自噬起始。本文将围绕近年来报道的氨基酸缺乏诱导细胞自噬的m TORC1信号通路,包括小G蛋白、腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶(AMPK)、微小RNA(miRNA)、氨基酰-tRNA合成酶在其中的作用等研究进展进行综述。     

中国荷斯坦牛GlyCAM1基因遗传多态性的研究

以273头中国荷斯坦牛为研究对象,利用CRS—PCR、PCR—SSCP及DNA测序技术检测了GlyCAM1基因外显子3、内含子3的遗传多态性。结果表明：GlyCAM1基因分别在外显子3和内含子3的第2081（A／C）、2417（C／T）位存在突变,2个位点的等位基因频率A／B分别为0．7525,0．2475和0．9046,0．0954;经菇。适合性检验,中国荷斯坦牛内含子3的突变达到Hardy—Weinberg平衡状态（P〉0．05）,但其外显子3的突变未达到Hardy—Weinberg平衡状态（P〈0．05）。     

鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫3-1E和CDPK双抗原DNA疫苗的免疫保护效果观察

将构建的含鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫(Eimeria tenella)CDPK和3-1E双抗原的真核重组质粒proEC,在14日龄和21日龄分别免疫AA肉鸡,28日龄感染5×104个E.tenella孢子化卵囊,观察其免疫保护效果.结果显示,攻虫后1周,与proC组相比,proEC组能显著增强淋巴细胞转化和血清抗体水平(P＜0.05);与proE组和proC组相比,proEC组卵囊产量最低但差异不显著(P＞0.05),其相对增重低于proE组和proC组.结果表明,proEC双抗原DNA疫苗对E.tenella攻虫表现出一定双抗原协同保护效应.