太湖鹅产肉性能及肌肉品质测定

以70日龄太湖鹅为试验素材,测定其屠宰性能和相关肉品质指标。结果表明：①全净膛率公母鹅分别为69.01%和70.31%,差异显著（P＜0.05）;半净膛率公母鹅分别为77.46%和79.17%,差异显著（P＜0.05）;胸肌率公母鹅之间差异显著（P＜0.05）。②无论公鹅还是母鹅,腿肌肉色、pH显著高于胸肌;剪切力范围在2.45～3.91 kg,胸肌剪切力极显著高于腿肌（P＜0.01）;系水力为71.30%～73.05%。③水分含量为75.88%～76.70%,粗蛋白质含量为20.33%～20.91%,各指标间差异均不显著;粗脂肪含量为1.18%～1.45%,母鹅胸肌含量为1.45%,公鹅为1.18%,两者之间差异显著（P＜0.05）。     

不同陈化条件下烤烟褐变与芸香苷含量变化关系

采用高效液相色谱法测定不同陈化时间和条件下烤烟中芸香苷含量及烟叶颜色的变化,分析芸香苷含量变化与烟叶褐变的关系。结果表明,陈化过程中温度越高、湿度越大,烤烟K326和云烟85的芸香苷含量越低,褐变度越大。     

运用致病毒素筛选抗烟草黑胫病细胞突变体I抗毒素愈伤组织的有效筛选

以６０Ｃｏ－γ射线照射烟草优质感病品种的花药作为诱变手段,用烟草黑胫病疫霉菌粗毒素为筛选剂,对烟草花粉植株叶片的愈伤组织,进行抗病突变体细胞的筛选．试验表明：毒素对烟草愈伤组织的存活和增殖有明显的抑制作用,抑制程度随毒素浓度提高而加强,同一浓度对不同品种也存在着差异．综合毒素浓度对烟草愈伤组织抑制、增殖程度及筛选的有效性,初步认为：筛选红大和Ｋ３２６抗黑胫病突变体细胞的最适粗毒素浓度分别为３０％和４５％．所筛选出的抗病突变体细胞,其细胞水平的抗性与再生植株的抗病性鉴定相吻合．     

世界溶解浆生产消费情况及未来发展趋势

文中总结分析了1961—2017年世界溶解浆生产和消费情况。溶解浆的生产和消费呈现由发达国家（地区）向发展中国家（地区）转移的趋势短期内不会改变。溶解浆生产属于技术和资金密集型产业,随着中国和印度等发展中国家制浆造纸工业的技术进步,溶解浆的生产量将增加,进口占比逐年降低。世界溶解浆的生产和消费量在今后若干年内仍呈增长趋势。2017年世界溶解浆的消耗量为792.9万t,进口量占比为64.3%。乐观预测到2030年世界溶解浆消费量将达到1 230万t,在2017年的基础上增加60%。中国是世界最大的溶解浆生产国、进口国和消费国,但溶解浆的生产成本居高不下,浆料品质不够稳定,与先进国家存在一定差距。亟待投入研究力量,开发适宜的溶解浆生产工艺,提升溶解浆质量并降低生产成本。     

慈溪大粒1号蚕豆大棚标准化生产技术研究

菜用蚕豆既是城乡居民的佳肴,又是出口创汇的主要种类。由于受季节影响,鲜蚕豆供应期主要集中在5月份。根据多年的试验和实践,总结了一套菜用蚕豆慈溪大粒1号品种大棚促成栽培标准化生产技术。采用大棚促成栽培,鲜豆上市可提早20~30d;鲜豆产量达到22,500kg/hm2.,比露地栽培提高40%;病虫害减轻,商品性更好,一般大棚促成栽培经济效益比露地栽培可提高8倍左右。大棚促成栽培,宜选用健壮无病大粒蚕豆播种,播种期可适当提早,一般比露地栽培蚕豆可提早10~20d播种,以促进主茎多分枝,适宜密度为37,500株/hm2;当50%植株形成第一鹰爪荚,且植株复叶出现第7小叶后,择晴天中午打顶。要提早进行蚜虫的防治,加强肥水管理。在蚕豆开花结荚期放蜂授粉,可提高蚕豆的结实率。     

Environmental controls on photosynthetic production and ecosystem respiration in semi-arid grasslands of Mongolia

The Mongolian steppe zone comprises a major part of East Asian grasslands. The objective of this study was to separately evaluate the quantitative dependencies of gross primary production (GPP) and ecosystem respiration (R_eco) on the environmental variables of temperature, moisture, radiation, and plant biomass in a semi-arid grassland ecosystem. We determined GPP and R_eco using transparent and opaque closed chambers in a grassland dominated by Poaceae species in central Mongolia during five periods: July 2004, May 2005, July 2005, September 2005, and June 2006. Values of GPP were linearly related to live aboveground biomass (AGB) enclosed by the chamber. The amount of GPP per unit ground area differed among the study periods, whereas GPP normalized by the amount of AGB did not differ significantly among the periods, suggesting that plant production per unit green biomass did not depend on the phenological stage. GPP/AGB fit well a rectangular hyperbolic light–response curve for all the study periods. When the air and soil were dry, considerable reduction in GPP was observed. The GPP/AGB ratio was also expressed as individual functions of air temperature, vapor pressure deficit, and volumetric soil water content. R_eco was exponentially related to the soil temperature and the relationship was modified by soil moisture. The amount of R_eco and its temperature sensitivity (Q₁₀) declined with decreasing soil moisture. Sharp increases of R_eco after rainfall events were observed. The values of R_eco, even including the rain-induced pulses, were expressed well as a bivariate function of soil temperature and soil moisture near the soil surface.     

农业机器人在新疆兵团农业生产中的应用前瞻

针对当前新疆生产建设兵团(以下简称新疆兵团)实际情况及高科技农业发展要求,提出了在新疆兵团发展农业机器人的必要性;简要地介绍了农业机器人的技术特点和国内外研究现状,详细阐述了未来农业机器人在新疆兵团的应用领域;最后,指出了新疆兵团发展农业机器人的优势以及目前还存在的一些问题。     

四川烟草炭疽病的鉴定及防治技术研究

[目的]鉴定四川烟草上的一种叶斑病害,并探讨其防治技术.[方法]采用“柯赫氏法则”,对2012年在四川会东育苗温室红花大金元上发现的一种叶斑病害进行了鉴定,并研究了几种药剂对该病菌的防治效果.[结果]依据病害症状和病原形态特征确认为烟草炭疽病菌(Colletotrichum nicotianae Averna-Sacca);75％百菌清600倍稀释液、80％代森锌800倍稀释液、80％代森锰锌800倍稀释液、50％退菌特800倍稀释液、50％福美双500倍稀释液对炭疽病有较好的防治效果.[结论]为烟草炭疽病的防治提供了参考.     

不同杂交组合羔羊产肉性能的研究

利用短期育肥试验研究了无角陶赛特羊不同杂交组合羔羊的产肉性能,结果表明:陶蒙F3公羔平均日增重304.50 g.d-1,比陶寒F3母羔267.50 g.d-1高37.00 g.d-1,两者间的差异显著(P<0.05).经育肥后陶蒙F3公母羔屠宰率分别为50.62%和49.68%,均高于陶寒F3公母羔,陶蒙F3和陶寒F3屠宰率与对照相比差异极显著(P<0.01).陶蒙F3公母羔胴体净肉率分别为77.58%和75.96%.陶蒙F3和陶寒F3大理石纹在3~4之间,剪切力3~4 kg,失水率小,肉质柔嫩多汁.育肥组羔羊与对照组相比每只多获纯利分别是89元和67元,经济效益明显.无角陶赛特羊杂交改良当地现有绵羊品种杂交优势明显,陶蒙F3杂交组合优于陶寒F3.     

Effect of shade on biomass accumulation and partitioning for Eucalyptus camaldulensis sprouts

ABSTRACT

Eucalyptus is widely cultivated in homogeneous monocultures throughout the world alongside plants of the same age. Furthermore, the productivity of forest stands is highly dependent on how solar radiation is intercepted and used. Meanwhile, it is possible to consider cultivating trees of different ages in the same area, and thus under different regimes of available solar radiation, creating a sequence of plantings and harvestings and to develop Eucalyptus-based agroforestry systems. We have examined biomass accumulation of Eucalyptus camaldulensis along a shade gradient. Eucalyptus trees presented power-law responses to increasing irradiance for biomass, indicating it has low plasticity and is unable to maintain growth under lower irradiance levels. Biomass partitioning showed no dependence on available irradiation. Leaf density presented very little increase toward sunnier places meaning that an increment in Eucalyptus biomass would be mostly due to its increase in size and thus higher radiation interception. Careful management of shade will be a key consideration for the integration of Eucalyptus into agroforestry. With knowledge of the growth habits of different species, we will have the potential to propose more perennial ways in which to manage land and reduce anthropogenic disturbances by avoiding clear-cuts of areas that removes all plant structures.