Wnt10b参与外源褪黑激素促进绒山羊绒毛生长的研究

本实验旨在研究Wnt10b在内蒙古成年绒山羊皮肤中的表达变化规律和褪黑激素(MT)对其表达量的影响。每隔1个月按照2 mg/kg BW的剂量在受试内蒙古成年绒山羊耳后皮下埋植MT。连续采集12个月(从2009年8月到2010年7月)的肩胛部皮肤样品,应用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测Wnt10b的表达量。结果表明:Wnt10b在内蒙古成年绒山羊皮肤组织中毛囊生长中期和休止前期高表达;埋植MT提高了Wnt10b在内蒙古成年绒山羊皮肤组织中毛囊休止期和退行期的表达量。结果提示,Wnt10b参与内蒙古绒山羊毛囊生长的信号传递过程,并在退行期和休止期转变过程中发挥作用;Wnt10b参与了外源MT促绒毛生长的毛囊周期性变化过程。     

Stem respiration is influenced by pruning and girdling in Pinus sylvestris

Abstract

Stem respiration was measured in the growing season (June to July) and in the dormant season (October) to detect cambial activity induced by pruning live branches or girdling stems in Scots pine trees (Pinus sylvestris L.) growing in northern Sweden. Immediately after the treatments, the treatment:control ratio of stem respiration increased to between 1.38 and 1.44 in the pruning treatment and between 1.17 and 1.20 in the girdling treatment. The treatment:control ratio of stem respiration then decreased by the end of July, to 0.65 in the pruning treatment and 0.55 in the girdling treatment. In October, the treatment:control ratios were higher: between 0.87 and 0.97 in the pruning treatment and between 0.85 and 0.97 in the girdling treatment. In both pruning and girdling treatments, the time trends of stem respiration rates largely followed those of stem temperatures: the stem respiration rate increased exponentially with an increase in stem temperature. The Q ₁₀ values were 2.83–4.05 and 2.57–2.89 in the pruning treatment and control, and 2.10–2.60 and 1.99–3.19 in the girdling treatment and control, respectively. In most cases, the values of Q ₁₀ in both treatments did not differ significantly from those in the controls.     

Iridoid, phenylethanoid and flavonoid glycosides from Sideritis trojana

From the MeOH extract of Sideritis trojana, a new iridoid glycoside, 10-O-(E)-feruloylmelittoside (1) was obtained in addition to four known iridoid glycosides [melittoside (2), 10-O-(E)-p-coumaroylmelittoside (3), stachysosides E (4) and G (5)]. Moreover, five phenylethanoid glycosides [verbascoside (6), isoacteoside (7), lamalboside (8), leonoside A (9), isolavandulifolioside (10), three flavone glycosides (isoscutellarein 7-O-[6'-O-acetyl-β-allopyranosyl-(1→2)]-β-glucopyranoside (11), 4'-O-methyisoscutellarein 7-O-[6'-O-acetyl-β-allopyranosyl-(1→2)]-β-glucopyranoside (12), 3'-hydroxy-4'-O-methyisoscutellarein 7-O-[6'-O-acetyl-β-allopyranosyl-(1→2)]-β-glucopyranoside (13) and a benzylalcohol derivative (di-O-methylcrenatin) were obtained and identified. The structures were elucidated on the basis of NMR and HRMS data. All compounds were tested for their antioxidant activity by in vitro TEAC assay and some of them exhibited moderate activity (0.97-1.44 mM) when compared with the reference compound (quercetin 1.86 mM). Glycosides 6-13, the most active compounds in the TEAC assay, were also tested by flow cytometry to evaluate their ability to affect the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in human prostate cancer cells (PC3).     

Marine Antitumor Peptide Dolastatin 10: Biological Activity,Structural Modification and Synthetic Chemistry

Dolastatin 10 (Dol-10), a leading marine pentapeptide isolated from the Indian Ocean mollusk Dolabella auricularia, contains three unique amino acid residues. Dol-10 can effectively induce apoptosis of lung cancer cells and other tumor cells at nanomolar concentration, and it has been developed into commercial drugs for treating some specific lymphomas, so it has received wide attention in recent years. In vitro experiments showed that Dol-10 and its derivatives were highly lethal to common tumor cells, such as L1210 leukemia cells (IC₅₀ = 0.03 nM), small cell lung cancer NCI-H69 cells (IC₅₀ = 0.059 nM), and human prostate cancer DU-145 cells (IC₅₀ = 0.5 nM), etc. With the rise of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), milestone progress was made in clinical research based on Dol-10. A variety of ADCs constructed by combining MMAE or MMAF (Dol-10 derivatives) with a specific antibody not only ensured the antitumor activity of the drugs themself but also improved their tumor targeting and reduced the systemic toxicity. They are currently undergoing clinical trials or have been approved for marketing, such as Adcetris^®, which had been approved for the treatment of anaplastic large T-cell systemic malignant lymphoma and Hodgkin lymphoma. Dol-10, as one of the most medically valuable natural compounds discovered up to now, has brought unprecedented hope for tumor treatment. It is particularly noteworthy that, by modifying the chemical structure of Dol-10 and combining with the application of ADCs technology, Dol-10 as a new drug candidate still has great potential for development. In this review, the biological activity and chemical work of Dol-10 in the advance of antitumor drugs in the last 35 years will be summarized, which will provide the support for pharmaceutical researchers interested in leading exploration of antitumor marine peptides.     

Penicillinolide A: A New Anti-Inflammatory Metabolite from the Marine Fungus Penicillium sp. SF-5292

In the course of studies on bioactive metabolites from marine fungi, a new 10-membered lactone, named penicillinolide A (1) was isolated from the organic extract of Penicillium sp. SF-5292 as a potential anti-inflammatory compound. The structure of penicillinolide A (1) was mainly determined by analysis of NMR and MS data and Mosher’s method. Penicillinolide A (1) inhibited the production of NO and PGE₂ due to inhibition of the expression of iNOS and COX-2. Penicillinolide A (1) also reduced TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 production, and these anti-inflammatory effects were shown to be correlated with the suppression of the phosphorylation and degradation of IκB-α, NF-κB nuclear translocation, and NF-κB DNA binding activity. In addition, using inhibitor tin protoporphyrin (SnPP), a competitive inhibitor of HO activity, it was verified that the inhibitory effects of compound 1 on the production of pro-inflammatory mediators and NF-κB DNA binding activity were partially associated with HO-1 expression through Nrf2 nuclear translocation.     

黑曲霉M10对采后砀山酥梨腐烂的影响

[目的]分析黑曲霉M10侵染砀山酥梨过程。[方法]通过不同接种方式、不同接种量对酥梨进行黑曲霉M10侵染,比较酥梨腐烂情况,考查温度对黑曲霉侵染酥梨效果的影响。[结果]损伤接种侵染效果明显,当接种浓度大于1×102个/ml时,酥梨发病率为100%;温度超过10℃时,砀山酥梨易受黑曲霉M10的侵染。[结论]明确了黑曲霉M10对砀山酥梨侵染过程,为防治砀山酥梨的贮藏病害提供理论依据。     

烟花爆竹试燃放时段浏阳市城区PM10和PM2.5的污染特征及影响分析

利用浏阳市2018年烟花爆竹试燃放时段污染天气作为研究背景,选取浏阳市环境空气自动监测省控站点2018年全年期间周1至周5实时监测数据及气象参数进行了分析。结果表明:烟花爆竹试燃放时段对环境空气中PM 10和PM 2.5影响显著,集中试燃放对PM 10和PM 2.5的小时值增长倍数贡献明显,烟花爆竹试燃放时段对PM 10和PM 2.5的小时值最大贡献量分别为17~31μg/m^3和11~19μg/m^3;最大增高倍数分别为0.4~0.7倍和0.4~0.9倍。PM 10和PM 2.5小时浓度均为秋季增幅最大。     

玉米ZmCCT10耐低氮功能研究

【目的】土壤氮素缺乏影响玉米的产量和品质,是中国玉米生产面临的重大问题。ZmCCT10编码转录因子,具有一因多效性,ZmCCT10是调控玉米生长发育和响应非生物胁迫重要的调节因子。解析玉米耐低氮的分子机制、聚合抗性基因,为培育耐低氮和氮高效玉米品种奠定基础。【方法】通过比较ZmCCT10近等基因系在低氮胁迫和完全营养水培条件下与耐低氮胁迫相关的性状,分析低氮胁迫后ZmCCT10的表达模式,选择ZmCCT10在近等基因系表达量差异最大的部位与时间点,进行转录组测序。发掘玉米ZmCCT10响应耐低氮反应的特征,探究其参与耐低氮反应的分子机制。【结果】在低氮胁迫条件下,ZmCCT10近等基因系Y331-ΔTE和Y331的根长性状、生物量、氮素生理指标显著差异。其中,ZmCCT10不带有转座子插入的单倍型Y331-ΔTE的总根长、主胚根长、侧根长均显著长于Y331;根干重、地上部干重、氮积累量、硝酸还原酶活性也显著高于Y331。在低氮胁迫后,ZmCCT10在根部和叶片的表达量均显著高于对照处理,且近等基因系间的表达量也具有显著差异,根部和叶片的表达模式也不同。胁迫处理3 h后,ZmCCT10在...     

Alanine-substituted mutant on Gly~(373) and Asn~(375) of Cry1Ai-h-loop 2 causes reduction in both toxicity and binding against Helicoverpa armigera

Cry1Ai-h-loop 2 is a mutant of Cry1Ai constructed by exchanging loop 2 from Cry1Ah protein and shows insecticidal activity against Helicoverpa armigera. The toxicity of Cry1 Ai-h-loop 2, in contrast to the very low toxicity of Cry1Ai, is closely associated with the eleven residues in the loop 2 region. To characterize the key sites of loop 2 in Cry1Ai-h-loop 2, alaninesubstituted mutants were generated. The toxicity of these mutants against H. armigera indicated that dual-mutant on Gly373 and Asn375 caused a significant decrease in toxic activity. ELISA binding and competition binding assays demonstrated that the reduction of toxicity in the mutant of interest was correlated with decreased binding affinity.     

Assessment of the contribution percentage of inherent soil productivity of cultivated land in China

The contribution percentage of inherent soil productivity (CPISP) refers to the ratio of crop yields under no-fertilization versus under conventional fertilization with the same field management. CPISP is a comprehensive measure of soil fertility. This study used 1 086 on-farm trials (from 1984–2013) and 27 long-term field experiments (from 1979–2013) to quantify changes in CPISP. Here, we present CPISP3 values, which reflect the CPISP states during the first three years after site establishment, for a series of sites at different locations in China collected in 1984–1990 (the 1980s), 1996–2000 (the 1990s), and 2004–2013 (the 2000s). The results showed that the average CPISP3 value for three crops (wheat, rice, and maize) was 53.8%. Historically, the CPISP3 in the 1990s (57.5%) was much higher than those in the 1980s (50.3%), and the 2000s (52.0%) (P≤0.05). Long-term no-fertilization caused CPISP levels to gradually decline and then stabilize; for example, in a mono-cropping system with irrigation, the CPISP values in Northwest and Northeast China declined by 4.5 and 4.0%, respectively, each year for the first ten years, but subsequently, the CPISP values stabilized. In contrast, the CPISP for upland crops in double-cropping systems continued to decrease at a rate of 1.1% per year. The CPISP for upland-paddy cropping decreased very slowly (0.07% per year), whereas the CPISP for paddy cropping decreased sharply (3.1% per year, on average) for the first two years and then remained steady during the following years. Therefore, upland crops in double-cropping systems consume the most inherent soil productivity, whereas paddy fields are favourable for maintaining a high level of CPISP. Overall, our results demonstrate a need to further improve China's CPISP3 values to meet growing productivity demands.