Influence of allelic prolamin variation and localities on durum wheat quality

Thirty-seven varieties of a Mediterranean durum wheat collection grown in Tunisia and Spain were analysed for their allelic composition in prolamins, as well as their protein concentration, sodium dodecyl sulphate sedimentation (SDSS) test and mixograph parameters. Genotype was a greater source of variation in all measurements than locality. Uncommon high and low molecular glutenin subunits (HMW-GS and LMW-GS) were found (V and 2•• subunits at Glu-A1, 13 + 16 at Glu-B1, 5* subunit and ax allele at Glu-A3). The rare combinations 2 + 4+14 + 18 and 8 + 9+13 + 16+18 subunits at the Glu-B3 locus were found. Glu-A3ax had a positive influence on SDSS and mixograph parameters. Of all the prolamins, those that have the B-LMW-GS composition aaa (for Glu-A3, Glu-B3 and Glu-B2 loci, respectively), when associated with the Glu-A1c and Glu-B1d gave the best semolina quality. By contrast, semolina quality is poor when this same composition is associated with the Glu-A1c and Glu-B1e and even poorer when associated with the Glu-A1c and Glu-B1f. In addition, the cultivars with B-LMW-GS allelic composition aab (for Glu-A3, Glu-B3 and Glu-B2 loci, respectively), when associated with the Glu-A1c and Glu-B1d, gave high quality, whereas when associated with the Glu-A1c and Glu-B1e or with Glu-A1o and Glu-B1f, the quality was very poor.     

茶叶微波固样技术研究

以苹云和福鼎大毫两个品种的一芽二叶为材料,进行微波固样研究,并以蒸青固样进行比较,结果表明：微波固样效果优于蒸青固样;不同茶树品种其主要生化成分及水浸出物等存在不同程度的差异性;不同微波时间对水浸出物、茶多酚、儿茶素总量的影响差异显著,而对氨基酸、总黄酮、可溶性糖和咖啡碱的影响不明显;对苹云来说,微波时间控制在80s时茶多酚、氨基酸、水浸出物、儿茶素总量的保留量最大;福鼎大毫则以微波时间控制在60s时,各生化成分可获得最大保留量。所以,茶叶微波固样时间宜控制在60～80s。     

新疆博州大雾的气候特征

利用1961～2000年新疆博州4个气象站大雾天气的观测资料,对其气候变化规律和周期性进行分析。结果表明,博州大雾日数山区多平原少,主要出现在冬半年的11～3月,其中12月最多。年际变化具有6～9年的震荡周期,该周期在1963～1975年、1981～1992年强盛。自20世纪60～90年代,山区大雾日数先增后减,而平原地区先减后增。山区大雾多发时段较长,只有午间出现频率最低;平原地区在8：00～12：00有一个明显的高发时段。山区大雾的持续时间要长于平原地区,近半数以上的大雾持续时间大于2h。博州大雾属冬季雾型,其变化特征与地理位置、地理环境有很大关系。     

火龙果的人工辅助授粉技术

人工辅助授粉是火龙果栽培的重点和难点技术之一,是取得优质丰产的基础。该文探讨了人工辅助授粉的时间、方法和注意事项,具有很强的实用性、针对性、可操作性,便于果农正确掌握,对火龙果棚室栽培技术的推广应用具有积极的指导作用。     

新疆奇台县化肥施用量变化及其与粮食单产的关系

根据新疆奇台县1989～2005年化肥施用量和粮食单产数据,采用趋势线法分析了该县化肥单位面积施用量的时闻序列变化,并采用相关分析对化肥施用量与粮食单产的关系进行探讨.结果表明:奇台县化肥单位面积施用量受粮食价格及化肥价格变化的影响较大,从1989年的65.65 kg·hm-2上升到最大值1998年的196.6kg·hm-2后下降,整个时间序列曲线呈抛物线状,且N、P、K施用比例较为合理,为促进粮食增产发挥了作用.1989～2005年粮食单产与单位面积化肥施用量存在明显的正相关关系,随施肥量的增加,粮食单产也趋于增加,当化肥施用量达到170kg·hm-2时,再增加化肥施用量对粮食的增产效果已不明显.因此,该县今后在粮食种植过程中应防止过量施肥,推广科学施肥,以更大程度地提高粮食产量.     

基于MODIS／EVI时间序列数据分析冰冻灾害对植被绿叶始期的影响

在全球气候变化的研究中,植被物候与气候的关系是一个重要的课题,它显示陆地生态系统对全球变化的响应。笔者用2005～2008年1～7月每8d时间序列的MODIS／EVI数据及其相应的地面数据,运用时间序列谐波分析（HANTS）算法对EVI数据进行去云处理。对处理后的结果,采用动态阈值法获取该区域2005～2008年植被物候（生长始期）及其分布格局,并将冰冻灾害年份跟正常年份植被物候分布格局进行对比,分析冰冻灾害对该地区植被物候的影响。结果表明,处理后的EVI数据能较好地反映冰冻灾害对植被物候的影响,准确地反映了冰冻灾害的实际影响范围。该研究结果说明,通过HANTS法分析卫星遥感数据可较为准确地反映植被的生态特征。     

Evaluation of 12-month interval methods for estimating animal-times at risk in a traditional African livestock farming system

Demographic parameters are useful for assessing productivity and dynamics of tropical livestock populations. Common parameters are the annual instantaneous hazard rates, which can be estimated by m/T (where m represents the number of the considered demographic events occurred during the year and T the cumulated animal-time at risk). Different approaches are encountered in the literature for computing T from on-farm survey data. One crude approach (“the 12-month interval approach”) only uses estimations of herds’ sizes at beginning and end of the year and aggregated counts of demographic events over the year. I evaluated the potential biases in using four 12-month interval methods (M1–M4) to estimate T. Biases were evaluated by comparing the 12-month estimates to gold-standard values of T. Data came from long-term herd monitoring on cattle and small ruminants in extensive agro-pastoral systems. Animal-times at risks were correctly estimated in average by methods M1, M2 and M4 (average relative biases <=6% in absolute values), except for adult-male small ruminants. For young animals, M2 and M4 showed equivalent biases. M2 is simple to implement and has the advantage of being applicable for any age-group, although M4 is only applicable for young animals. M3 was highly biased and I do not recommend it. Although accurate in average, 12-month interval methods showed highly variable biases. This variability results from interactions between the dates delimiting the 12-month interval and the distributions of the demographic events over time. This phenomenon is particularly important for the adult-male small ruminants. Based on the bias variability observed in the study, the user of 12-month interval methods has to remember that they only provide approximate results and that they cannot completely replace the gold-standard approaches.     

伐木联合机间伐作业性能和时间研究

本文介绍了伐木联合机间伐针叶林的时间研究过程和方法。通过欧洲赤松和落叶松的间伐试验、测量了单株作业时间和各动作时段比例。得到(?)SA250EVA型伐木联合机的生产能力为每小时57～68株或6.8～8.5m~3分析不树种、林木胸径及作业方式对伐木联合权作业性能的影响,作业评估表明,伐木联合机生产率高、工作条件舒适安全。对林木和林地捐伤小,适合在针叶林间伐中使用。     

串励直流电动机使用无触点可控硅斩波调速的研究

本文提出了串励直流电动机使用新型无触点斩波调速的新方法。通过两组二段式斩波电路,主电路完全无触点化成为可能,而且扩大了调速使用范围,也证明了可应用于双机车牵引同步自动化控制。     

基于Matlab的时序数据两种建模和预测方法比较

利用Matlab工具箱,对时序数据进行了两种不同形式的建模和预测。一是利用系统辨识方法来建立AR模型,利用所建模型进行预测;二是利用单隐层BP神经网络,对数据进行非线性拟合和预测。通过可视化,比较了两种方法的优劣。