渗灌次数对西北荒漠灌区紫花苜蓿栽培草地土壤化学性质的影响

渗灌是节水农业中最有效的措施之一,有利于作物产量和水分利用率的提高。本研究以甘肃省金昌市杨柳青公司紫花苜蓿‘艾迪娜’(M.sativa L.‘Aidina’)试验地渗灌区土壤为研究对象,通过田间试验与室内分析相结合的方法,研究不同渗灌次数(0次、1次、2次、3次)对苜蓿出苗期不同土层深度及管距位置土壤化学性质的影响。结果表明:在0~10cm和10~20cm土层深度,pH最高值均出现在管上,较CK升高了8.21%和8.68%,最低值都出现在管中,较CK降低了2.70%和3.37%;2水和3水均能显著提高不同土层深度及不同管距位置的pH值(P0.05)。不同渗灌次数,不同土层深度管中的水溶性盐含量均高于管上和管近,且最大值都出现在1水,较CK分别增加了83.26%和96.34%;不同土层深度,2水的水溶性盐含量平均值都低于1水和3水;不同渗灌次数,不同土层深度,钠离子和钾离子含量的最大值均出现在管中。不同渗灌次数,不同土层深度,管中的水解性氮含量均高于管上和管近,最大值都出现在1水管中,较CK分别增加了112.68%和34.48%。随着渗灌次数的增多,0~10cm土层深度不同管距的速效磷含量均呈现下降趋势,速效钾含量均呈现上升趋势。随着灌水次数的增加,不同土层深度及管位的有机质含量均呈现先上升后下降的趋势,2水显著提高了各位置土壤有机质含量(P0.05)。综上所述,渗灌2次比较好,土壤水溶性盐含量较低且有机质含量较高,利于苜蓿幼苗生长。     

氮磷钾不同施肥量对杨树菌根化苗生长的影响

通过实验对氮磷钾不同施肥量对杨树菌根化苗生长的影响方面进行了初探。     

SALTIRSOIL: a simulation model for the mid to long‐term prediction of soil salinity in irrigated agriculture

The SALTIRSOIL model predicts soil salinity, sodicity and alkalinity in irrigated land using basic information on soil, climate, crop, irrigation management and water quality. It extends the concept of the WATSUIT model to include irrigation and crop management practices, advances in the calculation of evapotranspiration and new algorithms for the water stress coefficient and calculation of electrical conductivity. SALTIRSOIL calculates the soil water balance and soil solution concentration over the year. A second module, SALSOLCHEM, calculates the inorganic ion composition of the soil solution at equilibrium with soil calcite and gypsum at the soil’s CO₂ partial pressure. Results from comparing predicted and experimentally determined concentrations, observations and predictions of pH, alkalinity and calcium concentration in calcite‐saturated solutions agree to the second significant figure; in gypsum‐saturated solutions the standard difference between observations and predictions is <3% in absolute values. The algorithms in SALTIRSOIL have been verified and SALSOLCHEM validated for the reliable calculation of soil salinity, sodicity and alkalinity at water saturation in well‐drained irrigated lands. In simulations for horticultural crops in southeast Spain, soil solution concentration factors at water saturation, quotients of electrical conductivity (EC₂₅) at saturation to electrical conductivity in the irrigation water, and quotients of sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) are very similar to average measured values for the area.     

浅谈阜新蒙古族自治县玉米膜下滴灌农艺措施

以玉米膜下滴灌栽培技术研究成果为依据，总结了辽宁省阜新蒙古族自治县东部地区推广应用该成果的具体措施，并提出相应对策。     

Effect of water deficiency on relationships between metabolism,physiology,biomass,and yield of upland cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.)

Drought is a common abiotic stress that considerably limits crop production. The objective of this study is to explore the influence of water deficiency on the yield, physiologic and metabolomic attributes in upland cotton cultivars(Gossypium hirsutum L). Cotton cultivars, 'Ishonch' and 'Tashkent-6' were selected to study the relationships among their physiologic, metabolomic and yield attributes during water deficiency. Deficit irrigation was designed by modifying the traditional watering protocol to reduce water use. Results indicate that cotton cultivars respond differently to water deficit stress. Water deficit significantly influenced plant height, the number of internodes, and sympodial branches in both cultivars. However, yield components such as the number of bolls, boll seed, lint mass, and individual plant yield were significantly reduced only in 'Tashkent-6'. The leaf area decreased and the specific leaf weight increased in 'Ishonch' under deficit irrigation conditions. However, 'Tashkent-6' demonstrated significant water loss compared to 'Ishonch', and both cultivars showed reduced transpiration rates. Untargeted metabolite profiles of leaves showed clear separation in 'Ishonch', but not in 'Tashkent-6' under deficit irrigation compared to full irrigation. The individual metabolites such as proline and galactinol showed strong association with yield under water deficit stress. Moreover, this study indicates that leaf area and transpiration intensity influence yield during water deficiency. In summary, the correlation among morpho-physiologic, metabolic, and yield components significantly varied between the two cultivars under water deficiency. The flowering stage was sensitive to water stress for both cultivars. The direct relationship between physiology, metabolism, and yield may be a useful selection criterion for determining candidate parents for cotton drought tolerance breeding.     

Effect of the Substrates on the Production of Engrafted Vine Cuttings in Heated Greenhouses

This article highlights the results of a long-term research project on the production of grape stalks engrafted by the desk method. The integrated impact of rootstock varieties, modes of stratification, and different substrates on vegetating vine cuttings, raised in heated greenhouses, and the capacity of their acclimatization after planting was studied. The results of the research show that rootstock variety and modes of stratification influence the output of engrafted vegetating cuttings of vines grown in pots using various substrates. In particular, the engrafted cuttings of variety Rkatsiteli produced on two rootstocks, 5 BB and 101-14, passed stratification (a) in sawdust with local electroheating, (b) on the water with its periodic change, and (c) in the layer of perlite. After preplanting preparations they were planted in pots with six different substrates: (1) soil (control); (2) perlite; (3) sawdust; (4) rice husk + soil + sand (1:1:1); (5) peat + soil + sand (1:1:1); and (6) mold + soil + sand (1:1:1). The cuttings were grown with a covered root system in a heated greenhouse for 35–40 days. Forty-day-old vegetating cuttings, after hardening, were planted into the open ground. Specialties were established during the root and shoot formation on vegetating nursery plant grafts during the rooting period. Optimal substrates for growing engrafted cuttings with a covered root system in heated greenhouses for each rootstock and stratification mode were determined.     

农民用水协会在基层灌区管理中的作用及存在的问题

对近年昌吉州灌区协会发挥的作用进行了分析,并就目前存在的主要问题进行了讨论,以期促进基层灌区的管理。     

短消息在节水灌溉系统中的应用

为了提高农田灌溉中水资源的利用率，实现农田智能化灌溉以及对灌溉系统中主要器件的故障诊断，利用短消息通讯、数据采集与灌溉控制技术，研制了一套包括数据采集、自动灌溉和检查易出故障器件的智能节水灌溉系统。该系统可以根据不同作物的生长需求、不同土质等因素设定自动灌溉参数，实施自动灌溉。通过实际使用证明，系统性能稳定，操作方便。     

皱皮香猪HAS2基因SNPs的鉴定及生物信息学分析

为了探究皱皮香猪全身性皮肤褶皱是否与透明质酸合成酶2（hyaluronan synthase 2,HAS2）基因变异有关,本研究以普通香猪为对照,采用特异性PCR方法克隆HAS2基因的外显子编码区,应用生物信息学方法分析测定基因编码区的碱基变异,检测变异位点在群体中的分布频率。结果显示,皱皮香猪HAS2基因中检测到4个SNPs位点：位于外显子1的T221A错义突变（导致亮氨酸替换为赖氨酸）和A228G同义突变,位于外显子2的T183C和外显子4的C537T同义突变。生物信息学分析发现,T221A和A228G位点构成4种单倍型,其中T-A为皱皮香猪群体的主要单倍型（27.5%）,且在皱皮香猪群体中紧密连锁（r²=0.253）,而且T221A和A228G突变可引起mRNA自由能和蛋白质结构发生变化,TA组合的自由能为-573.29 kJ·mol^-1,TG组合的自由能为-580.89 kJ·mol^-1,AG组合的自由能为-572.66 kJ·mol^-1;AA组合的自由能为-571.03 kJ·mol^-1;蛋白序列中亮氨酸替换为赖氨酸后,α螺旋由35.52%降为32.97%,自由卷曲由43.17%升至44.51%,同时引起蛋白序列三级结构的改变。位点T221A和A228G在香猪群体中呈现出丰富的多态性,均表现出3种基因型;关联分析结果显示,皱皮香猪T221A位点的A等位基因频率显著高于普通香猪（P<0.05）,A228G位点中皱皮香猪的G等位基因频率极显著高于普通香猪（P<0.01）。T183C位点的C等位基因频率和C537T位点的T等位基因频率在皱皮香猪和普通香猪间未达到显著性差异（P>0.05）。研究结果揭示,HAS2基因的外显子1中发生的两个碱基变异可能影响基因转录后mRNA的稳定性以及蛋白的三维结构,影响HA的合成量,并与皱皮香猪体侧皮肤不均匀增厚且发生褶皱有关。     

灌溉设备产品信息与报价系统的开发

本文介绍了开发灌溉设备产品信息与报价系统的必要性及功能 ,较系统地阐述了该软件系统的实现思路 ,并对其应用前景作了初步预测