芦笋蓟马密度对巴氏钝绥螨生长发育和生殖的影响

在温度为25℃的室内条件下,研究了芦笋蓟马Thrips tabaci Lindeman 1龄若虫不同密度对巴氏钝绥螨Amblyseiusbarkeri Hughes生长发育和生殖的影响。结果表明:当猎物密度为3头时,巴氏钝绥螨的若螨历期最长,单雌日均产卵量最少,产卵持续时间最长。但总产卵量在各猎物密度处理间差异不显著。每日供给6头以上的芦笋蓟马1龄若虫即可满足巴氏钝绥螨生长发育和生殖的需要。     

稻蓟马危害转Bt基因水稻克螟稻2号研究初报

 用卷叶率、为害级别和严重度3个指标评价了克螟稻2号及其亲本秀水11对稻蓟马的抗感性。结果表明,克螟稻2号较秀水11在3种指标上存在着极显著的差异,克螟稻2号较感虫;两品种上单位叶面积成虫数量差异均不显著,而卵量和若虫数量的差异显著;说明高密度的稻蓟马若虫将对克螟稻2号为害更严重。     

8种杀虫剂对烟蓟马的室内毒力测定

在室内使用浸叶法测定了8种杀虫剂对烟蓟马成虫的毒力。根据不同的杀虫剂对烟蓟马处理不同时间后的结果使用LC50的值进行比较,其毒力效果强弱依次为:多杀霉素>阿维菌素>甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐>高效氯氰菊酯>噻虫嗪>毒死蜱>辛硫磷>硫丹。此外,生物源杀虫剂的效果更好。     

Maize planting time and arthropod abundance in southern Mindanao,Philippines. II. Population dynamics of natural enemies

Abstract

Beneficial arthropods were monitored in monthly plantings over 4 years in a rainfed, triple-maize cropping system in southern Mindanao, Philippines. Generalist predators and two egg parasitoids of the Asian corn borer Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée) (ACB) did not show significant differences in abundance with respect to calendar month of planting over 39 crops. Two species of Trichogramma (T. evanescens Westwood and T. chilonis Ishii) collectively parasitized 67% of ACB egg masses and 58% eggs over the study becoming more abundant as the crop aged. The closeness of the two parasitism rates suggests that to increase parasitoid efficacy, particularly early in the crop, the best strategy would be augmentation and to increase longevity of wasps by providing carbohydrate sources to extend their searching time. Unparasitized egg masses tended to be smaller showing they were more likely to be overlooked. The ratio between the two parasitoids was 56:44 in favour of the former. Trichogramma evanescens had been introduced 2 years earlier by a government project, whereas T. chilonis probably was introduced by sugarcane estates. Prior to their introduction there were no ACB egg parasitoids in the Philippines and both are firmly established as annual parasitism levels did not continue to rise during the study. Parasitoid activity caused significant reductions in neonate ACB larval numbers beginning 7 weeks after crop emergence in an average crop. Egg parasitism rates were positively and linearly correlated with ACB egg mass density. A quadratic regression model was established between mean egg parasitism rates and egg masses size with peak parasitism rates occurring at 25 eggs per mass. Collectively 32 species of generalist predators averaged 0.9 – 1.5 individuals per plant based on weekly samplings. If ants were excluded, the average dropped to 0.1 – 0.3 per plant. Ants, dominated by Solenopsis geminata (F.), fed on ACB eggs and larvae. Coccinellids as the next most numerous were represented by three species where Micraspis crocea (Mulsant) in particular tracked ACB egg masses and probably the corn leaf aphid Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch) as well. Four species of orthropterans also tracked ACB egg masses. The third most abundant guild was 17 spiders with the oxyopid Oxyopes javanus Thorell and the araneid Araneus inustus (C.L. Koch) highly correlated with ACB egg mass densities. Other spiders targeted ACB moths and Atherigona oryzae Malloch adults. The predatory mirid Cyrtorhinus lividipennis Reuter probably targeted the corn leafhopper Cicadulina bimaculata (Evans) and possibly thrips Thrips palmi Karny and Megalurothrips usitatus (Bagnall). The lacewing Chrysopa sp. was abundant late in the crop when aphids were present on tassels.     

节瓜蓟马两性生殖与孤雌生殖研究

本研究证实了节瓜蓟马Thrips palmi孤雌生殖属于产雄性孤雌生殖(arrhenotoky)。在恒温(25±0.5℃)下,节瓜蓟马成虫两种生殖方式的产卵力比较结果表明,两种生殖方式下的成虫产卵力没有显著差异。两性生殖与孤雌生殖下成虫平均产卵量分别为55.69粒和54.90粒,平均日产卵量分别为2.455粒/d和2.275粒/d,平均寿命分别是22.67d和23.96d;产卵前期则均为2.25d。雄性个体平均寿命为19.33d,它与雌性个体平均寿命差异亦不显著。     

黑毛蓟马在北京蒲公英上严重发生

黑毛蓟马在北京温室蒲公英上严重发生, 这是该蓟马又一个新记录寄主植物。本文选用几种常见杀虫剂对其进行了生物测定和田间药效评价, 对其可持续防治进行了讨论。     

乙基多杀菌素与4种杀虫剂复配对黄胸蓟马的联合毒力

为筛选出与乙基多杀菌素复配具有增效作用的杀虫剂组合,采用叶管药膜法测定了乙基多杀菌素分别与啶虫脒、毒死蜱、阿维菌素、高效氯氰菊酯复配对黄胸蓟马2龄若虫的联合毒力,并采用共毒系数法评价了复配组合的联合作用。结果表明,乙基多杀菌素与啶虫脒在配比为3∶7、5∶5、7∶3和8∶2时,与毒死蜱在所有配比组合中,与阿维菌素在配比为2∶8、3∶7和6∶4时,其共毒系数(CTC)均大于120,表现出显著的增效作用;而与高效氯氰菊酯在所有配比下均不具有增效作用。乙基多杀菌素与啶虫脒、毒死蜱、阿维菌素采用上述具有增效作用的复配比复配,在害虫治理和抗性治理中具有一定的应用前景和开发潜力。     

淡翅小花蝽对黄胸蓟马的捕食功能反应与搜寻效应

为评价淡翅小花蝽Orius tantillus对黄胸蓟马Thrips hawaiiensis的捕食作用及控害潜能, 在室内条件下研究了淡翅小花蝽对黄胸蓟马2龄若虫的捕食功能反应?搜寻效应和干扰反应?结果表明:淡翅小花蝽对黄胸蓟马若虫的捕食功能反应符合HollingⅡ型, 其捕食量随着猎物密度的增加而提高, 其搜寻效应随着猎物密度的增加而下降?淡翅小花蝽成虫具有较强的种内干扰作用, 随着自身密度的增加, 其平均捕食量减少, 捕食作用率降低?根据Beddington模型E=a/[1+aThN+bTw(P-1)]拟合获得淡翅小花蝽成虫捕食黄胸蓟马2龄若虫的干扰模型E=0.968 5/(0.011 0N+1.383 7P-0.383 7), 表明淡翅小花蝽的搜寻效应随其自身密度和黄胸蓟马密度的增大而下降?研究结果表明淡翅小花蝽对黄胸蓟马具有较大防治潜力?     

烟蓟马研究进展

概述了烟蓟马的形态变异性、寄主与为害、生殖模式等,阐述了其生活史及发生规律,并介绍了其防治方法。