生物药剂对枸杞蓟马的毒力及田间药效

[目的]筛选出有效防治枸杞蓟马的生物药剂.[方法]通过室内毒力测定和田间药效试验研究6种生物药剂对枸杞蓟马的防治效果.[结果]生物药剂6％乙基多杀菌素、0.4％蛇床子素和0.01％斑蟊素对枸杞蓟马具有较好的控制作用,尤其是6％乙基多杀菌素不仅速效性好而且持效期长,药后7d防效为96.43％,药后14 d防效达72.44％.[结论]6％乙基多杀菌素、0.4％蛇床子素和0.01％斑蟊素是防治枸杞蓟马的理想生物药剂,可在生产中示范和应用.     

长春地区大豆田蓟马种类鉴定及黄蓟马种群动态

为了在大豆生产中更好地防治蓟马类害虫,于2017年长春地区的大豆田中调查蓟马种类及消长动态。结果发现,大豆田有1亚目2科5属6种蓟马,横纹蓟马(Aeolothrips fasciatus)、黄蓟马(Thrips flavus)、豆喙蓟马(Mycterothrips glycines)、齿裂绢蓟马(Hydatothrips dentatus)、烟蓟马(Thrips tabaci)和花蓟马(Frankliniella intonsa)。根据成虫特征编写了本地区大豆田蓟马种类识别检索表。调查发现,黄蓟马是本地区的优势种,发生高峰期为盛花期至始粒期。初步明确了该虫在大豆植株上的垂直分布规律:即主要分布于大豆植株上层叶片的第1叶位到第5叶位,主要在叶背面活动,成虫、若虫在各个物候期虫口数量与大豆叶位之间的关系以逻辑斯蒂模型拟合度较佳。     

蓟马为害对苜蓿叶茎显微结构的影响

为了揭示蓟马为害后紫花苜蓿（Medicago sativa L.）叶片和茎秆细胞组织结构的变化及其与苜蓿耐害性的关系，本研究选用抗、感蓟马苜蓿无性系R-1和I-1，比较蓟马为害后苜蓿叶片和茎秆的显微结构及叶片超微结构的变化。结果表明，受害后，R-1和I-1苜蓿的组织结构有明显改变：叶片上下表皮细胞锯齿边缘消失，细胞显著隆起，气孔缩小，单位面积细胞和气孔数显著增加。在茎秆中，维管束间距和直径变小，维管束细胞减少，厚角组织宽度下降；表皮细胞变短变窄，细胞和气孔数明显增加。叶片栅栏组织细胞收缩，液泡变小，叶绿体淀粉粒变小或减少，叶绿体片层基粒增加，嗜锇体增多。健康R-1叶片上下表皮单位面积细胞和气孔数均少于I-1。受害后，R-1叶片上下表皮单位面积细胞数分别增加1.75和1.51倍，细胞增加倍数、叶绿体片层和基粒均多于I-1。受蓟马为害后，R-1组织结构的变化较I-1更显著。     

Plant protection in spring cereal production with reduced tillage. II. Pests and beneficial insects

In five field experiments run for four years the infestation of pests and the activity of carabids and staphylinids were compared in autumn ploughed and reduced tillage (no-tillage or spring harrowing) plots. Differences were generally most evident in experiments with no-tillage. Weed cover was denser in reduced tillage, and could explain much of the differences. The agromyzid Chromatomyia fuscula was most common in autumn ploughed plots, probably due to healthier plants. Thrips numbers were correlated with grain quality in no-tillage plots. Field slugs were most common in reduced tillage, and were positively correlated with weed cover. Generally, more carabids and staphylinids were caught in reduced tillage. This was especially true for Amara-species and Loricera pilicornis, Philonthus cognatus and Tachinus signatus, which also were positively correlated with weed cover. Aloconota gregaria, Bembidion quadrimaculatum, B. lampros, Harpalus rufipes and Trechus quadristriatus were more common in autumn ploughed plots, several of them preferring open soil.     

香蕉花蓟马对不同颜色的敏感性及色板田间悬挂组合选择

为明确香蕉花蓟马对不同颜色的敏感性及色板的田间悬挂组合,以香蕉种植基地为试验点,分别比较香蕉花蓟马对10种基本色和8种同类色的敏感性差异,测定颜色、悬挂高度和悬挂方式3者对香蕉花蓟马的互作效应。结果表明：10种基本色中,香蕉花蓟马对黄色最敏感,其次为粉色、蓝色和青色,对其他6种颜色的敏感性较弱;8种同类色中,香蕉花蓟马对橙黄最敏感,其次为香蕉黄、镉黄和纯黄,对其他4种黄色的敏感性较弱。颜色、悬挂高度和悬挂方式均显著影响粘虫色板对香蕉花蓟马成虫的诱集效果,3者间互作效应显著;4种敏感黄色粘虫板,香蕉黄、橙黄和纯黄的悬挂高度均以粘虫板底端与花蕾肩部平齐为宜,镉黄的悬挂高度以粘虫板底端高出花蕾肩部20 cm为宜,悬挂方式均以粘虫板长边为底端为宜,这4种组合以橙黄粘虫板组合对香蕉花蓟马的田间诱集效果最好。     

6种药剂防治芦笋蓟马的研究

[目的]评估6种药剂对蓟马的防治效果。[方法]选用6种不同类型的药剂对芦笋蓟马进行大田药效试验,调查药前、药后虫口密度,计算虫口减退率和防治效果。[结果]0.3%苦生碱AS 60 mg/kg、6.0%乙基多杀菌素SC 600 mg/kg和2.5%多杀菌素SC 350mg/kg对蓟马的防效较好,达到90%左右,明显优于其他处理;10.0%双三氟虫脲EC 2 000 mg/kg的防效次之,达到80%左右,明显优于10.0%烯定虫胺AS 500 mg/kg和24.0%氰氟虫腙SC 2 400 mg/kg。[结论]0.3%苦生碱AS、6.0%乙基多杀菌素SC和2.5%多杀菌素SC分别以剂量60、600和350 mg/kg防治芦笋田蓟马,速效性好,持效期长,对芦笋安全,可在芦笋生产上推广使用。     

Analysis of Iris yellow spot virus replication in vector and non‐vector thrips species

Iris yellow spot virus (IYSV, genus Tospovirus) is a viral disease of bulb and seed onion crops and is transmitted by Thrips tabaci. Foliage damage of up to 75% has been reported in Kenya and Uganda. In this study, the rate of IYSV replication in the larva, pupa and adult stages of T. tabaci and other non‐vector thrips species and colour forms such as Frankliniella occidentalis, F. schultzei (dark) and F. schultzei (pale) was evaluated by monitoring relative levels of nucleocapsid (N) and non‐structural (NSs) proteins using N‐ and NSs‐specific antibodies. The effect of IYSV replication on mortality of thrips was also determined. N protein levels increased in all three stages of IYSV‐fed T. tabaci, indicating replication of IYSV. In IYSV‐fed non‐vector thrips, the increase of N protein levels in the larval stage was lower than IYSV‐fed T. tabaci but higher than their healthy counterparts. The N protein levels did not increase at pupal and adult stages. NSs protein was not detected in first instar of either vector or non‐vector thrips species. After a 4 h post‐acquisition period, a significant increase in NSs proteins was only observed in IYSV‐fed T. tabaci, clearly differentiating vectors and non‐vectors of IYSV. IYSV replication did not influence the survival of the vector thrips species, T. tabaci populations or the non‐vector thrips species. This study indicates the effectiveness of monitoring non‐structural proteins such as NSs, compared to nucleocapsid proteins, for differentiating vectors and non‐vectors of IYSV.     

我国果树蓟马研究进展

概述了我国果树蓟马对水果的为害特点、蓟马种类、发生规律、防治技术及存在的问题等研究进展,并展望了今后对果树蓟马的研究方向。     

释放中华微刺盲蝽防治茄子害虫的研究

采用3．00、1．50和0．75头／m^2 3种释放密度,探讨了释放中华微刺盲蝽对大棚内茄子上节瓜蓟马、烟粉虱和朱砂叶螨等3种害虫的控制作用,结果表明中华微刺盲蝽在释放区能形成种群;在0．75头／m^2的释放密度下,该盲蝽已能很好地控制茄子上的3种害虫,释放后20～30d控制效果达100％．     

南疆地区棉田棉蓟马种群数量动态研究

2002～2004年研究了南疆地区棉田棉蓟马的种群动态及棉花品种的影响.结果表明和以前相比棉蓟马依然是南疆棉花的重要害虫,2002、2003和2004年棉田棉蓟马日最高密度分别为5 328、3 033和3 383头/百株.对转基因抗虫棉GK19(表达Cry1A杀虫蛋白)、SGK321(表达Cry1A+CpTI杀虫蛋白)和普通棉花泗棉3号、石远321的研究表明棉蓟马在不同品种上的季节性数量动态没有显著差异.