影响冬小麦籽粒蛋白质的几个生理参数

1986-1989年于田间高肥水平下研究了10个冬小麦品种开花前、开花后和成熟时N积累量、生物产量、茎叶N输出量、碳、氮收获指数（HI、NHI）及花后10天旗叶叶N量（N/LA）8个生理性状对籽粒产量、蛋白质含量和蛋白质产量的影响。通过方差、相关和逐步回归等分析表明：各性状品种间差异显著;所有性状均与产量和蛋白质产量呈极显著正相关,与蛋白质含量不相关。性状间除开花前N积累量与NHI及生物产量与Hl和NHI不相关外,其他性状彼此之间均呈显著和极显著正相关,花后10天叶N量也与其它7个性状均呈显著和极显著正相关。影响产量和蛋白质产量的主要性状分别为生物产量、HI和生物产量、HI和NHI。初步明确了适合冬小麦产量6000公斤/公顷左右,籽粒蛋白质含量13%以上及蛋白质产量780-800公斤/公顷左右各性状的取值范围。     

Freundlich和Temkin等温线模型热力学参数的计算

Derivation of the Freundlich and Temkin isotherm models from the kinetic adsorption/desorption equations was carried out to calculate their thermodynamic equilibrium constants.The calculation formulase of three thermodynamic parameters,the standard molar Gibbs free energy change,the standard molar enthalpy change and the standard molar entropy change,of isothermal adsorption processes for Freundlich and Temkin isotherm models were deduced according to the relationship between the thermodynamic equilibrium constants and the temperature.     

冬小麦优质高产育种的几个生理参数的初步探讨

1983～1985年3年田间试验(中高肥水平,包括33个冬小麦品种)研究了粒秆比(G/LC)、氮粒杆比(NG/NLC)、茎叶重(WLC)和茎叶氮(NLC)四个性状对籽粒产量、蛋白质含量和蛋白质产量的影响。通过方差、相关和逐步回归等分析说明四个性状品种间差异显著;四个性状均与产量和蛋白质产量显著和极显著正相关;G/LC 与籽粒蛋白质含量显著负相     

麦二叉蚜在10个小麦品种(系)室内苗期生物学反应及抗性分析

为了评价不同小麦品种(系)对麦二叉蚜的抗性,应用每株麦苗上接1头蚜虫的方法,在温室内用5个指标(发育历期D_D、成虫与幼虫的体重差W_D、成虫在与发育历期相等时间内的产子数F、相对日均体重增长量MRGR和成虫在与发育历期相等时间内的日均产仔数R_m)测定了10个小麦品种对麦二叉蚜的抗性,并以此为基础用多元方差分析法、多目标综合判别法和聚类分析法评价了这10个小麦品种(系)对麦二叉蚜的抗性,结果表明,Amigo最不适于麦二叉蚜在其上取食,抗性最好,Batis抗性较好,其他品种抗性较弱。     

基于THUMS模型的人车碰撞行人下肢损伤重建分析

汽车-行人交通事故中行人损伤的重建分析在事故处理与成因鉴定中起着重要作用.为探讨碰撞中的不同成伤条件对行人下肢损伤程度的影响机制,利用THUMS人体有限元模型及LS-Dyna仿真软件构建人车碰撞仿真平台.研究表明:利用有限元仿真可以模拟人车碰撞事故中不同成伤参数下行人下肢的动力学响应并进行损伤评定.该方法有利于分析研究...     

N mineralization parameters of sandy arable soils

The objective of this study was to experimentally investigate net N mineralization in sandy arable soils and to derive adequate N mineralization parameters for simulation purposes. Long‐term incubations at 35 °C were done for at least 200 days with 147 sandy arable soils from Northwest Germany. To cumulative net N mineralization curves the simultaneous two‐pool first‐order kinetic equation was fitted in order to differentiate between N mineralization from an easily decomposable, fresh organic matter pool (N_fast) and from a slowly decomposable pool (N_slow) of more humified OM. North German loess soils served as a reference, since available model parameters were mainly derived from those soils. Although curve patterns in sandy soils often somewhat deviated from typical double‐exponential patterns, the mineralization equation generally could be fitted. Two pools were clearly revealed, but a transfer of the standard parameters was found to be not appropriate — except maybe for the pool size of the fast decomposable N pool. The mean k_fast at 35 °C (0.1263 d^—1) is about 46% higher than the known ’︁standard’ loess value, indicating better conditions for decomposition of fresh residues at this temperature. The mean k_slow at 35 °C (0.0023 d^—1), which is 60% lower than reported earlier from loess soils, and much lower mineralization rates of the slowly decomposable N pool give reason to the presence of generally more resistant organic material in these sandy soils. The relation between N_slow and total N was found to be not close enough to derive the pool size of slowly decomposable N just from total N as done for loess soils. Reducing the variability is necessary, promising approaches exist. The eight reference loess soils revealed — on an average — the known N mineralization parameters.     

饲粮蛋白脂肪比对圆斑星鲽(Verasper variegates)生长、消化酶及血清生化指标的影响

为探讨饲粮不同蛋白质和脂肪水平对圆斑星鲽生长、消化酶及血清生化指标的影响,以鱼粉和酪蛋白为蛋白源,鱼油和豆油为脂肪源,配制成蛋白水平为40%、45%、50%,脂肪水平为8%,12%,16%的9组试验饲料(分别表示为P40L8、P40L12、P40L16、P45L8、P45L12、P45L16、P50L8、P50L12、P50L16),每组设3个重复,每重复20尾鱼,经过83 d的饲养试验。结果表明,试鱼成活率不受饲粮中蛋白质和脂肪水平的影响(P>0.05)。增重率、特定生长率和摄食率随脂肪水平的增加而显著降低(P<0.05),P50L8组试鱼增重率较P40L16组高33.63%,特定生长率高31%。饲料效率随蛋白水平的增加而显著增加(P<0.05),P50L8组试鱼饲料效率较P40L8组高24.09%。P50L8组表现出最高的增重率、特定生长率、饲料效率及摄食率。胃蛋白酶随蛋白水平的增加呈现先增加后下降的趋势。胰蛋白酶以P50L8组最高,显著高于P50L12组6.91%(P<0.05),和其他各组差异不显著(P>0.05)。胃脂肪酶随饲粮中蛋白水平的提高先降低后升高。肠脂肪酶以P50L8组最高,但各组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。试鱼血清中总蛋白含量随饲粮蛋白水平的增加显著升高(P<0.05),P50L8组谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶均高于其他组,但各组之间无显著差异(P>0.05)。甘油三酯和总胆固醇以P50L8组最低,且显著低于P45L12和P45L16组(P<0.05),与其他组差异不显著(P>0.05)。由此可见,饲粮脂肪水平增加未引起蛋白质节约作用,饲粮中蛋白质、脂肪、蛋能比和蛋白脂肪比分别为50%、8%、104.31mg/kcal和6.63时,可满足圆斑星鲽的较快生长及其生理需要。     

丁香酚麻醉斑点叉尾鮰在不同无水保活温度下的生理生化变化

为寻求丁香酚麻醉斑点叉尾鮰(Ictalurus punctatus)无水保活的最佳条件,研究了不同无水保活温度(0℃、2℃、4℃、6℃和8℃)下斑点叉尾鮰保活5 h以及复苏24 h后的存活率及各生理生化指标的变化。结果显示,丁香酚麻醉斑点叉尾鮰无水保活5 h的最佳保活温度在2℃～6℃,复苏24 h后存活率≥80%;保活5 h后,血液中谷丙转氨酶(ALT)和谷草转氨酶(AST)显著高于保活前(P <0. 05),复苏24 h后,2℃保活组ALT和AST分别可恢复至12. 52 U/L和16. 13 U/L;肌酐和尿素氮含量显著升高(P <0. 05),尤其在6℃下;鱼肉总蛋白、粗脂肪、硬度、咀嚼性呈下降趋势(P <0. 05)。研究表明,在2℃下无水保活,对鱼肉的生理生化指标影响较小。     

Partial or total replacement of fish meal in the diets of Florida pompano Trachinotus carolinus

Two trials were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of commercial enzyme‐treated soy (ESBM) to replace the use of fish meal (FM) in practical diets for Florida pompano Trachinotus carolinus. The reference diet which has been run in numerous trials for Florida pompano was formulated using 150, 466 and 80 g/kg of FM, soybean meal and corn protein concentrate respectively. In trial 1, test diets were produced by replacing FM with 30.8, 61.4 and 92.1 g/kg of ESBM. In trial 2, test diets were produced by replacing FM with 28.9, 89.8, 120.1 g/kg of ESBM. Triplicate group of fish in trial 1 (mean weight = 13.05 ± 0.34 g) and trial 2 (mean weight = 18.45 ± 0.49 g) was fed these diets to apparent satiety for 8 weeks. Growth performance was affected as the dietary FM was replaced with ESBM. In trial 1, final weight (FW), percentage weight gain and thermal growth coefficient were lower in 6 g/kg of FM compared to 15 g/kg, while feed conversion ratio significantly higher in fish fed the lowest inclusion level of FM (6 g/kg). In trial 2, FW was significantly lower when FM completely replaced by ESBM and no significant differences in other growth parameters. In all trials, no significant differences were observed in terms of crude protein, moisture, fat, crude fibre, dry matter and ash content of the fish. No significant differences in serum levels of total protein, albumin, alkaline phosphatase, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, glucose and bile acids were observed in either trial. However, in trial 1, serum cholesterol level was higher in fish fed 150 g/kg FM compared to other dietary treatments. The histomorphological structure of liver and distal intestine was slightly affected by lower inclusion level of FM. Overall, there was a decreasing trend in pompano growth performance as the inclusion of FM decreased. All parameters indicated that ESBM could be used to reduce the inclusion of FM from 150 to 90 g/kg.