Transcription and induction profiles of two esterase genes in susceptible and acaricide-resistant Tetranychus cinnabarinus

The carmine spider mite Tetranychus cinnabarinus is the most serious of crop mite pests in China. Their ability to rapidly develop resistance to acaricides has caused difficulty in controlling this mite. In this study, the molecular mechanism of acaricide resistance associated with esterase genes TCE1 and TCE2 was investigated in susceptible and acaricide-resistant strains of T. cinnabarinus. The quantitative real-time PCR (qrtPCR) method was adopted to compare the expression level of two esterase genes TCE1 and TCE2 among four different strains (abamectin-resistant, AbR; fenpropathrin-resistant, FeR; omethoate-resistant, OmR and susceptible strains, S) of T. cinnabarinus. The relative expression level of TCE2 was 1.39-2.47 fold in the three resistant strains compared with the S strain. And after inducing with abamectin, fenpropathrin, and omethoate the highest expression level of TCE2 in the S was 1.64-, 2.92- and 2.24-fold compared with the control, respectively, and this difference was found to be significant. However, there was no obvious difference of the mRNA relative expression levels of TCE1 genes among the four strains, and those of TCE1 were not higher than the control throughout the study. Furthermore, the expression modes of TCE1 and TCE2 in AbR and FeR were similar with that in the S after being treated with abamectin and fenpropathrin, respectively. These results indicated that the enhanced expression of esterase gene TCE2 was associated with acaricide-resistance in T.cinnabarinus.     

15种常用杀虫剂对二斑叶螨的室内药效对比试验

本文采用FAO推荐的玻片浸渍法,选用15种常用杀虫剂的最大登记剂量对二斑叶螨敏感型种群和抗性种群进行了药效对比试验研究。结果表明:施药后观察,哒螨·矿物油、阿维·哒螨灵、阿维菌素、阿维·灭幼脲、阿维·毒死蜱、啶虫脒对敏感型二斑叶螨的速效性防效较好;而炔螨特、桉油精和苦参碱对抗性二斑叶螨的防效较强。     

二点叶螨对氧乐果、甲氰菊酯、四螨嗪及螨嗪菊酯混剂的抗药性

以兰州吐鲁沟公园金花忍冬植物上采集的二点叶螨为敏感种群,在室内盆栽菜豆苗上饲养繁殖后分别用氧乐果、甲氰菊酯、四螨嗪及螨嗪菊酯(甲氰菊酯 四螨嗪)混剂喷雾处理20代,获得二点叶螨抗氧乐果种群(抗性指数RF=35.84倍)、抗甲氰菊酯种群(RF=479.79倍)、抗四螨嗪种群(RF=67.26倍)以及抗混剂螨嗪菊酯种群(RF=26.75倍)。用生化法测定离体酶活性的结果表明,上述四个抗性种群的形成与体内羧酸酯酶、磷酸酯酶、谷胱甘肽转移酶的活力增加及乙酰胆碱酯酶的活性降低有关。4个抗性种群对常用15种供试药剂交互抗性测定结果表明,氧乐果、甲氰菊酯与联苯菊酯、三氟氯氰菊酯、水胺硫磷、久效磷、氰久合剂有交互抗性,甲氰菊酯还与螨蚧克有交互抗性;四螨嗪与三氯杀螨醇(RF=14.15倍)、齐螨素(RF=10.26倍)有交互抗性;螨嗪菊酯与双甲脒、氧乐菊酯有负交互抗性,RF值分别为0.85、0.71倍。     

转Bt基因棉在安庆市大面积种植后害虫发生特点调查

根据调查,转Bt基因棉大面积种植后,棉铃虫、红铃虫发生减轻;棉叶螨发生加重,为害时间延长;甜菜夜蛾、斜纹夜蛾发生面积扩大,为害程度加重。据此初步提出了当地转Bt基因棉害虫防治中应注意的问题和管理对策。     

稻棉轮作对棉红蜘蛛控制作用的研究

稻棉轮作棉田因轮种水稻使红蜘蛛越冬的土壤和寄主杂草环境受到严重破坏，减少了红蜘蛛的越冬基数及早春活动繁殖场所，推迟了进入棉田为害的时间，并促进棉田中天敌数量的增加。从而有效地控制了轮作棉田红蜘蛛的发生危害，减少了防治棉田红蜘蛛的用药次数。     

薰衣草油与肉桂油对朱砂叶螨的生物活性和行为分析

为明确在室内条件下薰衣草油、肉桂油对朱砂叶螨Tetranychus cinnabarinus(Boisduval)的生物活性,采用喷雾、熏蒸法测定了薰衣草油和肉桂油对朱砂叶螨的触杀活性、产卵抑制活性和熏蒸活性,并分析了2种精油的亚致死剂量对雌成螨运动行为的影响。结果表明:与肉桂油相比,薰衣草油对朱砂叶螨的触杀活性较强,经浓度为1%的薰衣草油喷雾处理后,雌成螨、若螨24 h后的死亡率分别为64.07%和52.22%,LC_(50)分别为0.41%和0.89%;浓度为2%的薰衣草油对雌成螨产卵的抑制作用最强;与肉桂油相比,薰衣草油的熏蒸活性也较强,熏蒸雌成螨6、12和24 h后的死亡率分别为70.37%、85.19%和95.19%,LD_(50)分别为0.94、0.59和0.39μL;随精油剂量增加雌成螨运动轨迹紊乱,触壁反射活动减少,移动范围明显减小,而移动频率先升高后降低。研究表明,与肉桂油相比,在朱砂叶螨的生物防治中薰衣草油具有更高的应用价值。