旋耕机实时测试传感器的研究设计

设计了一种供旋耕机测力用的延伸八角环传感器.传感器采用应变电测法,通过检测传感器上受到的作用力来确定旋耕阻力.经标定表明,设计的传感器具有良好的线性、较高的灵敏度及较小的滞后现象,各被测参数间的交互影响很小,可以忽略.     

环境温度与柴油机功率关系的试验研究

选择一台柴油机,在一年四季进行若干次试验,记录环境温度和发动机的功率及其他参数,用数学方法进行处理,分析环境温度与柴油机功率变化之间的数学关系,为柴油机的使用和维护提供参考。     

PASSAT领驭2.0自动变速箱偶尔出现紧急运行状况检修分析

结合PASSAT领驭2.0轿车偶尔出现自动变速箱Ⅲ挡运行的紧急运行状况故障,分析了故障码、有关传感器电路,以及故障产生的原因,据此找出了故障点,并排除了故障。     

基于AT89S51的汽车智能安全报警系统

利用AT89S51设计了一种新型汽车防盗报警系统.当满足报警条件,单片机会向GSM模块发出指令,系统向机主终端发出报警求助短信,同时还发出声光报警、切断发动机电源.本系统具有误报率小,可靠性高,成本低,使用方便等优点.     

自适应巡航系统在汽车中的应用

阐述了汽车自适应巡航系统的作用、工作原理和关键技术,介绍了其在国内外的研究应用情况,并对自适应巡航系统未来发展趋势作了探讨.     

Growth rates and survival of western rock lobster (Panulirus cygnus) at two temperatures (ambient and 23 °C) and two feeding frequencies

Wild caught post-pueruli, year one and year two post settlement juvenile western rock lobster, Panulirus cygnus, were held at ambient temperatures (15.6 °C to 23.1 °C; mean 19.0 ± 0.07 °C) or at 23 °C, and fed the same ration of a formulated pellet diet either once per night, or 3 times per night, over 12 months, to determine whether elevated temperatures and multiple feeds per night would stimulate growth through increased metabolism and feed utilisation without significant negative impacts on survival. Survival of post-pueruli (mean 63%) did not differ between ambient and 23 °C. Survival of year 1 and 2 juveniles was higher at ambient temperatures (p < 0.01 ambient: year 1 juveniles, 68%; year 2 juveniles, 88%; 23 °C: 57% and 74%, respectively). Feeding frequency did not affect survival of post-pueruli and year 2 juveniles (mean 63%, 81% respectively), but survival was 9% higher for year 1 juveniles fed three times per night (58% versus 67%; p < 0.01). All lobsters grew faster at 23 °C than at ambient temperatures (p < 0.05), with the growth of post-pueruli almost doubled at 23 °C (weight gain at 23 °C versus ambient: post-pueruli, 18 438 % versus 9 915 %; year 1 juveniles 259% versus 165%; year 2 juveniles 23% versus 21%). Feed frequency did not influence the growth of year 1 and 2 juveniles. However, there was an interaction effect of temperature and feed frequency on post-pueruli where weight and carapace length were significantly higher at ambient temperatures when post-pueruli were fed three times a day, whereas at 23 °C weight and carapace length were significantly greater when fed once per day (p < 0.05). Feed intake (g pellet dry matter lobster^− 1 day^− 1) of pellet was higher at 23 °C for all lobsters (p < 0.05), but was the same between lobsters fed 3 times per night versus once per night. This study has shown that increasing temperatures to 23 °C significantly improved the growth of P. cygnus post-pueruli without any adverse effects on survival. The faster growth rates exhibited by year 1 and 2 juveniles at 23 °C may potentially offset their lower survival by significantly reducing culture period. There is no benefit of feeding P. cygnus multiple times at night in terms of growth and survival. The implications for P. cygnus culture are that temperatures should be maintained close to 23 °C during the entire growout period, with due care taken to minimise mortalities through adequate provision of food and shelter. Feeding P. cygnus once daily to excess just prior to dusk to co-incide with nocturnal feeding behaviour is recommended.     

The effect of temperature on the energy budget of the Manila clam, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Ruditapes philippinarum</Emphasis>

In this study, the energy budget of the Manila clam, Ruditapes philippinarum, was evaluated after one-week acclimation periods at 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25°C. Small clams (151 ± 12 mg DW) and large clams (353 ± 16 mg DW) were fed with the microalgae, Isochrysis galbana. Filtration rate, ingestion rate, assimilation efficiency, oxygen-consumption rate, and ammonia excretion rate were measured. Both filtration rate and ingestion rate of small and large clams were found to be related to temperature. The highest Q ₁₀ values were measured in the range 15–20°C for both small and large clams. Assimilation efficiency of both small and large clams was not significantly influenced by temperature, although the maximum mean values were detected at 20°C. Oxygen consumption rate and ammonia excretion rate of small and large clams were found to be related directly to temperature over the entire range, with a maximum being detected at 25°C. The highest Q ₁₀ value was estimated in the range 10–15°C with regard to oxygen consumption rate, and in the range of 15–20°C with regard to ammonia excretion rate. Scope for growth (SFG) was positive at all temperatures, achieving a maximum value at 20°C in both small and large clams, primarily as a consequence of the enhanced ingestion rate which offset the concomitant elevation in the metabolic rate. In this study we have estimated the thermal optimum for this species at 20°C.     

The combined effects of temperature and GnRHa treatment on the final stages of sexual maturation in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) females

Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) females (2 SW), maturing for the first time, were reared under one of three temperature regimes (high: 14.3 ± 0.5°C; natural: 10.6 ± 1.0°C; and cold: 6.9 ± 1.0°C) in combination with one of two experimental treatments; an injection of GnRH analogue (GnRHa) contained in biodegradable microspheres, or a sham injection (microspheres only). The six experimental groups were then reared under simulated natural photoperiod for 4 weeks. Blood samples were drawn for analysis of plasma steroid levels and the fish were inspected for ovulation weekly. Batches of stripped eggs were incubated in triplicate incubators in raceways until the eyed stage. Treatment with GnRHa resulted in a substantial advancement and synchronization of ovulation at all temperatures, while exposure to cold water also appeared to advance ovulation slightly. While 75% (warm and cold) to 90% (natural) of GnRHa fish ovulated during the 4-week trial, only 30% of sham-treated females exposed to cold water, and none of the sham-treated fish held at higher temperatures, ovulated during this period. Survival rates of embryos to the eyed-stage were significantly higher for broodstock exposed to cold water. Plasma levels of testosterone (T), 17β-oestradiol (E₂), and 17α,20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17,20βP) were all significantly affected by treatment with GnRHa and, to a lesser extent, temperature. The efficiency of GnRHa in counteracting the negative effects of high temperature on ovulation and the associated changes in circulating sex steroids suggest that temperature inhibition operates at least in part at the brain or pituitary.     

温度敏感型雄性不育水稻的鉴定

在人工控制条件下应用两因子完全随机区组设计研究了籼型5460不育系对温度与光照的反应。结果表明参试的5个对照品种(系)的育性在所有处理中都表现正常,而5460不育系在日最高/最低温度为27/22℃、平均为23.5℃时,不论光照时间为12.0h、13.5h 还是15.0h/日,其花粉育性与套袋自交结实率都基本正常,在33/28℃,平均为29.5℃时,不论光照如何,大部分植株表现为完全不育或高度不育。套袋自交结实率的方差分析表明,光照长度引起育性变化的差异不显著,不同温度间的差异极显著,光温互作效应也达到显著水平。试验表明5460不育系是“温度敏感型”的雄性不育系。这一结论与1987年福州地区的气象资料和5460不育系在当时当地的实际育性变化相符合。讨论了温度敏感型雄性不育水稻对理论研究和育种实践的价值。     

阿坝高原近47年气温变化特征分析

利用阿坝地区三大区域(干旱河谷区、丘状高原区和高山峡谷区)所辖13个国家气象站1967～2013年气温资料,采用一元线性回归方法、距平、方差等统计方法对阿坝州及3个区域温度变化趋势进行对比分析,初步揭示出阿坝州气温变化趋势.结果表明,近47年阿坝州平均气温总体呈上升趋势,上升倾向率为0.228℃/10a,且从1998年开始气温上升趋势明显,进入明显增暖期;平均最低气温方差为0.24,对阿坝地区气温上升贡献较大;冬季气温线性增幅最大,为0.320℃/10a,夏季增幅最小,为0.232℃/10a,气候变暖最大的贡献者是冬季,夏季气温适宜,冬季气温较低但不寒冷.