Rooting Success of Cuttings from Young Picea abies in Transition to Flowering Competent Phase

Abstract

Abundant flowering occurred in a central Swedish trial with 10-yr-old Picea abies L. (Karst.) cuttings, taken on 4-yr-old seedlings. Large deviations in cone-set between clones were assumed to reflect different stages in transition from juvenile to flowering competent phase. Rooting success and first-yr growth performance (leader length, leader origin and plagiotropic growth) were studied on cuttings originating from the upper and lower parts of the crown in 15 clones with heavy cone-set and 15 clones without cones. Twigs from the lower part of the crown had a significantly higher rooting percentage. Cone-set did not have an effect on any of the variables analysed. The results suggest that flowering ability and rooting capacity are independent age-related processes, implying that selection for high rooting capacity in clonal forestry does not reduce flowering competence. The results will have a great impact on breeding of P. abies, since both early flowering and high rooting ability are important traits for reducing the turnover time of the breeding cycle.     

叶绿素荧光测定技术的研究

[目的]规范叶绿素荧光测定程序。[方法]以4个美国山核桃品种的实生苗为材料,在田间测定叶片基部、中部、尖部的F0、Fm、Fv/Fm和Fv/F0值,并在0、5、10、20、40、60min时间段中选择最佳的暗适应时间。[结果]美国山核桃叶片不同部位的F0值几乎无差异,Fm、Fv/Fm、Fv/F0值有一定的差异,Fv/Fm、Fv/F0均表现为叶基部>叶中部>叶尖部,差异不显著。美国山核桃叶片除F0外,Fm、Fv/Fm、Fv/F0均在暗适应5min后测得最大值,与未暗适应的处理在品种间有显著或极显著差异,但品种Elliot暗适应10min的Fm比5min的稍大。田间测定并不是暗适应时间越长越好,测试品种表现一致。[结论]美国山核桃苗期叶片不同部位Fv/Fm、Fv/F0表现为叶基部>叶中部>叶尖部。夏季田间测定荧光参数时,测定前叶片暗适应5min即可。     

水稻不同粒位籽粒淀粉与蛋白质累积动态差异

 以中熟籼稻（扬稻6号）和中熟粳稻（扬粳9538）为材料,研究了穗上不同粒位籽粒灌浆过程中粒重、淀粉、可溶性糖和粗蛋白质含量等动态变化,以期通过分析灌浆物质累积动态差异探讨不同粒位间籽粒品质差异形成的生理原因。穗上不同粒位籽粒灌浆物质累积动态存在显著差异,同一穗上早开花籽粒起步灌浆早,初期灌浆速率快;灌浆前、中期籽粒中淀粉和直链淀粉累积速率、累积量与籽粒开花顺序较为一致,即早开花籽粒大于迟开花籽粒,而不同粒位籽粒间的可溶性糖含量变化则与之相反。灌浆在粒位间的差异扬粳9538大于扬稻6号。成熟期籽粒直链淀粉含量则与开花顺序无必然联系。粗蛋白质含量随灌浆进程呈倒“S”型趋势,即灌浆前期下降较快,至最低点后略有回升,前期下降速率迟开花籽粒大于早开花籽粒,但蛋白质含量在整个灌浆阶段则以迟开花籽粒大于早开花籽粒,二次枝梗大于一次枝梗籽粒,穗下部籽粒高于其他部位籽粒。灌浆前、中期同枝梗上较早开花籽粒含水量下降幅度大于迟开花的籽粒,一次枝梗上第1粒尤为明显。以上结果说明,可溶性碳水化合物的供给可能不是弱势粒发育不良的限制因子,弱势粒灌浆充实不良可能与其较低的生理活性有关。     

A COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC STUDY OF VOLUME AND X-RAY ATTENUATION OF THE LUNGS OF BEAGLES IN VARIOUS BODY POSITIONS

The influence of body position on volume and x-ray attenuation of the lungs of three Beagles was investigated with computed tomography. In left and right lateral recumbency, the dependent lung had decreased volume and increased x-ray attenuation compared with ventral recumbency. Volume and x-ray attenuation of the nondependent lung, however, were unchanged. In dorsal recumbency, there was a vertical gradient of x-ray attenuation being increased dorsally and decreased ventrally compared with ventral recumbency where regional differences in x-ray attenuation were not found. Results indicate a risk of overlooking a mass in the dependent pulmonary parenchyma of dogs in lateral and dorsal recumbency. Regional differences in x-ray attenuation of the lungs of dogs can be avoided if the radiographs are obtained with the dog in ventral recumbency.     

莲草直胸跳甲成虫产卵选择性及叶位与幼虫发育适合度的关系

采用室内自由选择法和发育测定法研究莲草直胸跳甲(Agasicles hygrophila)成虫对喜旱莲子草(Alternanthera philoxeroides)叶位的产卵选择性及后代发育与不同叶位叶片的适合度.结果表明:(1)莲草直胸跳甲成虫嗜好在中部叶片的叶背产卵,以在第2对叶上的选择系数最高,选择率为35.18%,与第1对叶上的28.03%差异不显著,但显著高于对其他叶位的选择系数;(2)相对于在叶表进行取食,初孵幼虫显著趋向在叶背,且这样取食的1龄幼虫存活率高、发育历期显著缩短,这与雌虫选择在叶背产卵的习性相符,说明其选择有一定生物学意义,即有利于后代发育;(3)叶龄对莲草直胸跳甲各龄幼虫发育有显著影响,叶位越低,各龄幼虫的发育历期越长,但存活率上以取食第1叶位的为最高.     

浅谈自然保护区在湖北生态建设中的地位与作用

随着全国野生动植物保护和自然保护区建设工程的实施 ,自然保护区在我省生态环境建设中的地位与作用越来越重要 ,运用生物多样性管护区的理论指导我省的自然保护区建设将是正确认识自然保护区地位与作用的关键所在。     

变形轴中心孔最佳位置的确定

以往生产中只能凭直观或用外圆打表测量方法来确定变形轴中心孔最佳位置，这既不方便又不准确．经分析与计算，得出变形轴中心孔最佳位置为０．３５Ｌ．     

Variation in infiltration with landscape position: Implications for forest productivity and surface water quality

Variation of infiltration rates with landscape position influences the amount, distribution, and routing of overland flow. Knowledge of runoff patterns gives land managers the opportunity to affect changes that optimize water use efficiency and reduce the risk of water quality impacts. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of landscape position and associated soil properties on infiltration in a small (147 ha) forest/pasture watershed in the Ozark Highlands. Three previously reported studies measured infiltration rates using double ring, sprinkling, single ring, and tension infiltrometers on soils at varying landscape positions. Although large variation in infiltration rates was observed among measurement techniques, upland and side slope soils (Nixa and Clarksville) had consistently lower infiltration rates compared to the soil in the valley bottom (Razort). A conceptual understanding of watershed runoff is developed from these data that includes infiltration excess runoff from the Nixa and Clarksville soils and saturation excess runoff on the Razort soil. Management of the soil water regime based on this understanding would focus on increasing infiltration in upland soils and maintaining the Razort soil areas in forest. Forest productivity would be enhanced by increasing plant-available water in upland soils and decreasing flooding on the Razort soil. Surface water quality would be improved by reducing the transport of potential water contaminants from animal manure applied to upland pastures.     

柑橘高接换种适宜嫁接部位探讨

以温州蜜柑为中间砧,对高林温州蜜柑、太田椪柑进行不同部位高接的适宜性研究.结果表明,不同部位高接对成活率的影响无显著性差异,但树冠的恢复程度与嫁接部位的高低成正比,即高接部位越高,树冠恢复越快;含糖量和糖酸比以腹接最高,侧枝次之;外观以腹接、侧枝高接为好,副主枝高接次之,主枝高接最差.柑桔高接最高高度应控制在1.0 ～ 1.3m,早投产,树冠恢复快,果实品质好,以侧枝高接,腹接为好,侧枝高接易引起内膛空虚,可采取内膛腹接弥补.     

Leaf-fall phenology along a topography-mediated environmental gradient in a cool–temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest in Japan

Leaf-fall phenology was studied in a cool–temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest in central Japan in relation to the topographic environmental gradients that occur along a short mountain slope. Leaf-fall phenology was described quantitatively using data from leaf litter collected along the slope. In autumn, leaf fall at the study site tended to occur slightly earlier on the upper slope than on the lower slope. This pattern was found at both the stand and the species levels. Our results suggest that leaf-fall phenology may be affected by difference in microclimatic conditions, because environmental conditions are thought to be more severe on the upper slope than on the lower slope. The less intensive methods used in this study, the litter trap method, and Dixon’s model succeeded in quantifying the phenological patterns of leaf fall within stands and within species along the short mountain slope.