非农就业质量如何影响山区农户土地转出稳定性——基于浙江省4县480户农户的观察

为厘清非农就业质量对山区农户土地转出稳定性的影响机制,基于2021年浙江省山区4县480户农户调查数据,采取OLS、Heckman两阶段以及2SLS等模型开展实证研究,同时采取Probit模型检验作用机制并结合案例加以佐证。结果表明：1）非农就业质量的改善激励山区农户提高土地转出的稳定性。2）非农就业质量显著影响老一代农户和“体制外”农户土地转出的稳定性,但是对新生代农户和“体制内”农户的影响不显著,同时,非农就业质量对土地转出稳定性的影响并不因为就业距离的远近而产生差异;3）非农就业质量影响土地转出稳定性的作用机制在于强化农户的城市融入意愿、弱化农户对地租的偏好以及弱化土地的社会保障功能。相关政策需要致力于提升山区农户的非农就业质量,提升和完善非农就业的稳定性、收入和保障制度。     

农村居民点整理潜力转化耕地经济限制性研究

就农村居民点整理潜力转化为耕地的经济限制性进行研究。从经济可行性评价入手,构建指标体系,采用多指标综合评价法、层次分析法与专家咨询法,测算研究区经济适宜性评分,确定研究区农村居民点整理潜力转化为耕地的经济限制性,得出各区县整理潜力转化为耕地的经济限制性修正系数。研究结果表明,天津市农村居民点整理潜力转化为耕地的经济限制性可分为3 个类别：（1）无经济限制性区县,1≥a 经≥0.6,包括西青区、北辰区、东丽区3 个区县;（2）有一定经济限制性区县,0.6＞a 经≥0.3,包括塘沽区、津南区、武清区、宁河区、汉沽区、大港区6 个区县。（3）经济限制性较大区县,0.3＞a 经≥0,包括蓟县、宝坻区、静海区3 个区县。各区县农村居民点整理潜力转化耕地的经济限制性在多经济因素影响下差别很大。     

冷凉山区滇杂31“浅肥密嫩”丰产栽培配套技术规程

为提高冷凉山区水稻生产水稻生产水平,对黔南州冷凉山区滇杂31“浅肥密嫩”丰产栽培配套技术规程进行了介绍.     

砒砂岩地区沙棘生态工程的土壤修复效果分析

本文以砒砂岩地区沙棘生态工程为研究对象,探讨沙棘生态修复工程实施对表层土壤理化性状的改良作用,初步研究结果表明：实施造林工程8年后,沙棘林地表层土壤的总孔隙度比荒坡地提高7.4%,土壤粘粒含量占49.15%,比荒地增加了75%;〉5mm的大团粒含量为43.38%,是荒地的2.99倍,有机质含量为13.92g/kg,是荒地的3.68倍;全氮、全磷、全钾的含量分别为荒地的1.72倍、1.13倍与1.36倍,有效氮、速效钾、速效磷含量分别为荒地的4.54倍、3.29倍与7.6倍。说明沙棘造林使造林区的土壤结构得到显著改善,沙棘生态修复工程的生态效益突出,可有效降低该地区降雨对土壤的侵蚀和地表径流的冲刷。     

陕北丘陵沟壑区畜牧业发展战略研究

通过对陕北丘陵沟壑区畜牧业现状、面临的挑战分析,提出了该区畜牧业应以生态环境建设为前提,立草为业;改革放牧为舍饲,大力发展草食肉畜;建立高效生态畜牧产业示范区,推广“公司+农户”以沼气为纽带的“五位一体”生态型塑膜温室畜牧产业化发展模式,经5～10年使草食型:精料型畜种结构调整为6:4等战略思路。     

黄土高原水土保持对农业持续发展的作用

通过大量事实分析了水土流失的危害及水土保持对农业可持续发展的作用,充分说明了水土保持是黄土高原农业走持续发展道路的可靠保证,也是改善生态环境和生产条件并防止山区水旱灾害,促进群众脱贫致富的根本途径。     

刍议黄河下游引黄泥沙治理及发展趋势

在总结分析黄河下游引黄灌区近40年来泥沙处理的主要方针和泥沙公布状况的基础上,客观评价了当前及今后灌区泥沙治理环境,分析了黄河下游引黄灌区泥沙治理及分布的主要发展趋势。认为在渠首自流集中沉沙的优越条件日渐丧失的条件下,今后引黄泥沙将主要采取浑水灌溉,远距离输沙及分散沉沙的处理方式,黄河下游悬河的现状及古黄河冲积区洼地的存在为这种处理方式提供了前提。提出了结合黄河大堤淤背处理引黄泥沙的设想,开阔了泥沙治理的视野。     

中国北方典型地区农用地膜污染现状调查及其防治对策

通过对我国北方典型地区的调查，初步探索了该地区土壤农膜残留量和残膜特征。研究表明，河北省典型地区温室大棚、蔬菜田和作物田的农膜土壤残留量平均分别为5.629、7.369和2.822 kg·hm^-2，黑龙江省典型地区温室大棚、蔬菜田和作物田残留量平均分别为4.169、3.682和2.430 kg·hm^-2，各采样点之间存在着较大差异，但普遍较高，均明显高于未使用农膜的对照土壤。两地区之间除作物田的土壤农膜残留量没有明显差异外，河北地区其他两类土壤中的农膜残留量水平明显高于黑龙江地区，这种差异与各地区在农事活动及农膜使用上的差异具有一定的相关性。上述两地区土壤中残留农膜尺寸基本一致，主要集中在10～15 cm之间。该文针对我国目前农膜使用情况及其污染现状，提出了相应的防治对策。     

Impacts of lost fishing gear on coral reef sessile invertebrates in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary

The Florida Keys coral reef ecosystem supports multimillion-dollar commercial and recreational fisheries. The ecological effects caused by fishing gear that is lost when cut or broken after snagging on the bottom is a growing concern to managers and scientists. Few data exist, however, to assess the impacts of lost fishing gear to benthic organisms and habitat structure. In this study, 63 offshore coral reef and hard-bottom sites were surveyed during 2001 to quantify the impacts of lost fishing gear to coral reef sessile invertebrates. Lost hook-and-line fishing gear accounted for 87% of all debris (N=298 incidences) encountered and was responsible for 84% of the 321 documented impacts to sponges and benthic cnidarians, predominantly consisting of tissue abrasion causing partial individual or colony mortality. Branching gorgonians (Octocorallia) were the most frequently affected (56%), followed by milleporid hydrocorals (19%) and sponges (13%). Factors affecting the impacts of lost fishing gear include sessile invertebrate density, the density of lost fishing gear, and gear length. While lost hook-and-line fishing gear is ubiquitous in the Florida Keys, less than 0.2% of the available milleporid hydrocorals, stony corals, and gorgonians in the habitats studied are adversely affected in terms of colony abrasions and partial mortality.     

Finding a needle in the haystack: Regional analysis of suitable Eld’s deer (Cervus eldi) forest in Southeast Asia

For species whose decline preceded the modern era and whose distribution is in the developing world, it is difficult to map suitable habitat across its former range. Eld’s deer (Cervus eldi) is an endangered cervid whose range across Southeast Asia was reduced during the last century to disjoint populations in Myanmar and Cambodia. We used ecological data from the present populations to determine landscape and habitat parameters that would help us predict the occurrence of the species in forests not yet surveyed. The suitable-forest GIS model was created using four readily available datasets for elevation, forest type, canopy closure, and human density. Comparison of the GIS model with 24 verified sightings of Eld’s deer during recent large mammal surveys in Cambodia, found 22 sightings (92%) within predicted suitable forest. Use the suitable-forest GIS model to survey a province in southern Lao People’s Democratic Republic, located a single, previously unreported population from 9 patches surveyed. In a separate analysis, a logistic regression model to predict Eld’s deer habitat in Northern Cambodia found percent tree cover, presence of wetlands, and distance to villages as the best predictors of deer, similar to variables used in the GIS model, with the exception of the importance of wetlands. Using mean annual rainfall to rank suitable-forest patches identified in the GIS model indicated dry dipterocarp forests in Northeastern Cambodia and Northern Myanmar have the highest potential to conserve eld’s deer. Examination of the suitable-forest GIS map and current protected areas indicated only Cambodia, with 11% suitable forest protected, has placed sufficient dry dipterocarp forest under protected status. Other Southeast Asia countries have not recognized dry dipterocarp forest as a significant ecotype worthy of conservation status.