基于三维姿态拟合的非接触式红鳍东方鲀全长精准估算方法

鱼类生物量无损测算是智能化水产养殖的重要环节,如何实现鱼体全长精准估算是该环节稳定运行的重要前提。该研究以红鳍东方鲀为对象,提出了一种鱼体全长精准估算方法,可在非接触情况下对自由游动的红鳍东方鲀进行精准的体长估算。首先,利用双目立体视觉技术对原始图像进行校正和立体匹配获得深度图像,并通过SOLOV2模型进行鱼体分割;然后,通过自主设计的独立分类器对图像进行高效分类,自动获取可用于全长估算的鱼类侧面图像,其分类准确率达95.3%;最后,耦合图像平面特征和深度信息,对鱼类进行三维姿态拟合,实现鱼类全长精准估算。结果表明,该方法全长估算的平均相对误差为2.67%,标准差为9.45%,且全长估算值与质量表现出良好相关性（R2=0.88）。该研究将为鱼类生物量无损测算提供关键技术支撑,对水产养殖的信息化管理、鱼类生长状况评估、投饵控制等具有重要意义。     

低温胁迫对不同品系暗纹东方鲀肠道微生物群落结构的影响

为了探究低温胁迫对暗纹东方鲀肠道氧化应激、细胞凋亡及肠道微生物组成的影响,实验测定了3个处理温度 (25、19和13 °C),4个取样时间点 (0、6、24和96 h)下氧化应激、细胞凋亡与肠道微生物相关指标。结果显示,与对照组相比,随着温度降低肠道绒毛发生坏死、增生和杯细胞肿大。总超氧化物歧化酶 (T-SOD)、过氧化氢酶 (CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 (GSH-Px)的活性以及丙二醛 (MDA)含量显著增加。肠道微生物组成多样性降低。肠道微生物丰度发生改变,如黄色杆菌属、副球菌属、乳球菌属和双歧杆菌属的丰度随温度降低而上升,梭菌属、气单胞菌属和嗜热芽孢杆菌属的丰度随温度上升而下降。细胞凋亡相关基因 (caspase-3、caspase-7、caspase-9、p53、Bax和Bcl-2)的表达随温度降低升高。此外,实验发现副球菌属和嗜热芽孢杆菌属丰度的改变与肠道氧化应激、细胞凋亡均具有Pearson相关性,其可作为潜在微生物用来反映暗纹东方鲀是否处于氧化应激和细胞凋亡状态。本研究结果可为暗纹东方鲀健康养殖提供基础资料。

     

低温胁迫对不同品系暗纹东方鲀肠道微生物群落结构的影响

为了探究低温胁迫对暗纹东方鲀肠道氧化应激、细胞凋亡及肠道微生物组成的影响,实验测定了3个处理温度 (25、19和13 °C),4个取样时间点 (0、6、24和96 h)下氧化应激、细胞凋亡与肠道微生物相关指标。结果显示,与对照组相比,随着温度降低肠道绒毛发生坏死、增生和杯细胞肿大。总超氧化物歧化酶 (T-SOD)、过氧化氢酶 (CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 (GSH-Px)的活性以及丙二醛 (MDA)含量显著增加。肠道微生物组成多样性降低。肠道微生物丰度发生改变,如黄色杆菌属、副球菌属、乳球菌属和双歧杆菌属的丰度随温度降低而上升,梭菌属、气单胞菌属和嗜热芽孢杆菌属的丰度随温度上升而下降。细胞凋亡相关基因 (caspase-3、caspase-7、caspase-9、p53、Bax和Bcl-2)的表达随温度降低升高。此外,实验发现副球菌属和嗜热芽孢杆菌属丰度的改变与肠道氧化应激、细胞凋亡均具有Pearson相关性,其可作为潜在微生物用来反映暗纹东方鲀是否处于氧化应激和细胞凋亡状态。本研究结果可为暗纹东方鲀健康养殖提供基础资料。

     

暗纹东方鲀Hepcidin基因的扩增及序列分析

利用聚合酶链式反应,首次从暗纹东方纯基因组DNA中扩增Hepcidin基因的部分序列,序列分析表明,不同鱼类之间的Hepcidin基因DNA序列之间的遗传距离为0.33～1.08,所获得的Hepcidin序列,为进一步研究暗纹东方纯中Hepcidin基因的作用机制提供了基础。     

红鳍东方鲀三倍体诱导的初步研究

通过冷休克的方法诱导红鳍东方鲀的受精卵,孵化后的仔鱼,用PAS-Ⅲ型细胞流速仪测定其倍性,得到较高的三倍体诱导率。受精后8 min,0℃下处理15 min和受精后5 min,2℃下处理15min三倍体率最高,为100%;受精后8 min,4℃下处理10 min倍化率最低,为20%;其余几组的三倍体率为90%。正交试验结果表明,影响三倍体诱导率的主次顺序是处理时间、处理温度、处理起始时间。     

光唇鱼的形态特征和血液生化指标

运用传统的形态测量方法结合分类特征研究了采自浙江省新昌县的光唇鱼样本。结果显示：背鳍为3,8;胸鳍为1,14-16;腹鳍为1,8;臀鳍为3,5;体长/体高、体长/头长、体长/吻长、体长/眼径、头长/吻长、眼径/头长数值分别为3.18±0.47、4.22±0.42、13.02±4.55、20.56±3.00、3.08±1.03、0.21±0.03。其体侧有纵条;唇后沟的间隔距离较宽,大于口宽的1/3;并对其血液生理生化等指标进行了测定,结果表明光唇鱼血液中红细胞、白细胞和中性粒细胞的平均数目分别为1.20×107个/mm3、1.74×104个/mm3、4.50×102个/mm3;检测的13项血清生化指标中除尿素氮、磷、肌酐和谷草转氨酶等几项指标外其余指标均不存在显著差异;总蛋白为44.00 g/L,葡萄糖为15.87 mmol/L,总胆固醇为7.32 mmol/L,甘油三酯为6.61mmol/L,钙为2.37mmol/L,镁为1.12mmol/L,铁为6.00mmol/L,尿酸为15.00μmol/L,谷丙转氨酶为180.00 U/L;其中血清铁的含量要明显高于钙、磷、镁,谷草转氨酶的活性要高于谷丙转氨酶;与一些不同食性淡水鱼类相比,光唇鱼血液中甘油三酯、总蛋白、血糖和钙、镁离子含量较高;结果可作为光唇鱼的正常生理常数参考值。     

Temperature effects on the development of Enteromyxum spp. (Myxozoa) in experimentally infected tiger puffer, Takifugu rubripes (Temminck & Schlegel)

The effects of water temperature on the development of the enteric myxosporeans, Enteromyxum fugu and Enteromyxum leei, were investigated in experimentally infected tiger puffer, Takifugu rubripes. After naïve tiger puffer were fed gut tissue infected with both E. fugu and E. leei, they were divided into separate tanks and kept at different constant temperature regimes between 10 and 25 °C. Regardless of the water temperature tested, E. fugu was consistently detected with a high prevalence of infection (60–100%), although no sporulation occurred at 10 and 15 °C. Development of E. leei and the onset of disease were suppressed by low water temperatures (<15 °C). However, a temperature increase to 20 °C promoted the development of E. leei, followed by an increase of disease rate in the fish. The present study demonstrates that water temperatures below 15 °C have an inhibitory effect on the development of E. fugu and E. leei, resulting in suppression of enteromyxosis at low temperatures.     

The role of environmental conditions and exploitation in determining dynamics of redfish (Sebastes species) in the Northwest Atlantic

The six stocks of redfish (Sebastes spp.) in the Northwest Atlantic have been fished for the past 60 years, during which time they have also experienced considerable variability in environmental conditions. Despite their close proximity and with life‐history features characteristic of many deep‐sea fishes (long‐lived, slow‐growing, late‐maturing, relatively low fecundity), each redfish stock has displayed quite different dynamics. Some have been able to support apparently sustainable fisheries, whereas others have been forced to close. The causes of such differences are unclear. We used dynamic factor analysis to determine the relative impacts of exploitation (days fishing for redfish, days fishing for shrimp, days fished by all fisheries, catch in the redfish fishery, total redfish catch) and environment (North Atlantic Oscillation, surface temperature, salinity, shallow, middle, and deep bottom temperatures) on trends of abundance in each stock over the years 1960–2004. The results showed that a mix of exploitation and environmental variability, with various and different lag times, accounted for observed trends. The Gulf of St. Lawrence stock was affected most by exploitation. Flemish Cap and northern Newfoundland‐Labrador stocks were mostly affected by environmental factors with longer time lags than more southerly stocks. We conclude that management of redfish must take into account individual responses to exploitation and environment over the time periods during which such factors operate, often decades or more, as opposed to the usual practice of reviewing only dynamics of the past few years. Deep‐sea populations cannot be managed on the same scales as shelf fisheries.     

红鳍东方鲀BAC数据库和ESTs数据库中微卫星的筛选与应用

利用Tandem Repeats Finder软件在红鳍东方鲀Takifugu rubriper BAC数据库和ESTs数据库中查找微卫星标记.选取其中22个序列(11个BAC-SSRs序列、11个EST-SSRs序列)设计引物,并将22对引物用于庄河、河北Ⅰ和河北Ⅱ3个群体,均能扩增出产物,其中EST-SSRs有2对引物扩增产物比预期扩增产物偏大,可能是相应基因组中有内含子导致.研究结果表明,EST-SSRs标记要比BAC-SSRs标记的多态性低,其中11个BAC-SSRs和9个EST-SSRs标记有很好的多态性,可以用于红鳍东方鲀的遗传多样性分析和重要经济性状筛选等方面的研究.     

盐度对条石鲷幼鱼肝脏抗氧化酶活力的影响

测定了不同盐度(8、18、28、38、48)处理后条石鲷幼鱼肝脏中SOD、CAT、GPX和GST 4种酶活力,探讨了盐度变化对条石鲷幼鱼肝脏抗氧化酶活力的影响。当用低盐度8和18处理时,幼鱼肝脏SOD活力无显著变化(P0.05);当处理盐度升至38时,SOD活力增加并在24 h时达到最大,其水平显著高于对照组(P0.05),之后逐渐降低并趋于稳定;而经过盐度48处理时,SOD活力则在24 h时达到最低,之后逐渐升高并趋于稳定。CAT活力在盐度为8和18的处理组中均在处理120 h时达到最高值;在经高盐度处理时与SOD活力具有相似的变化趋势。各盐度处理组中的GPX活力均在处理12~24 h左右出现最低值,然后又逐渐上升并趋于稳定。而GST活力在处理盐度为8、18和38时基本呈增高的变化趋势,当盐度增至48时,GST活力迅速增高并在6 h时达到最高,其水平显著高于对照组(P0.05),之后逐渐趋于平衡。结果表明,条石鲷幼鱼对低盐环境有较强耐受力,在盐度变化时能通过改变抗氧化酶活力来消除氧化压力下产生的多余自由基以维持机体的正常功能。