氨氮对菊黄东方鲀幼鱼的毒性试验

为研究氨氮对菊黄东方鲀的中毒症状,了解急性毒性作用强度,进行了氨氮对菊黄东方鲀的急性毒性试验,以期为科研和生产提供科学依据。在盐度20,pH 8.30条件下进行了氨氮对菊黄东方鲀幼鱼（40日龄）的急性毒性试验。试验结果表明：氨氮对菊黄东方鲀幼鱼48 h LC50值和96 h LC50 值（95%可信限）分别为3.855 mg/L (3.356~4.385 mg/L)和2.824 mg/L (2.672~2.987 mg/L),安全浓度为0.282 mg/L。     

岭南花椒果实精油成分的分析及对两种蚊虫的毒杀活性

采用GC-MS分析了岭南花椒Zanthoxylum austrosinense果实精油的化学成分,并采用浸液法和三角瓶法测试了该精油对白纹伊蚊Aedes albopictus和致倦库蚊Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus幼虫、蛹及成蚊的毒杀活性。在岭南花椒果实精油中共鉴定出48种化合物,占该精油挥发性成分总量的97.39%;该精油对白纹伊蚊和致倦库蚊4龄幼虫的LC50值分别为163.42和65.08μg.mL-1;熏蒸剂量为109.4μg.cm-3时,岭南花椒果实精油对白纹伊蚊和致倦库蚊成蚊的KT50值分别为4.32和5.52 min;该精油对两种蚊虫成蚊的24 h毒杀LC50值分别为47.14和25.78μg.cm-3。试验数据表明,岭南花椒果实精油对蚊虫有显著的杀虫活性,具有开发成高效环保的灭蚊剂的潜力。     

盐度和温度对条石鲷幼鱼能量收支的影响

以条石鲷幼鱼(初始体重5.46 g)为试验对象,研究不同盐度(17.5‰,22.5‰,27.5‰,32.5‰,37.5‰和42.5‰)和不同温度(18℃,22℃,26℃和30℃)对条石鲷幼鱼生长及能量收支的影响。结果表明：盐度和温度对条石鲷幼鱼的特定生长率、摄食率、转化效率及能量收支分配率均有显著影响,但对吸收效率影响不显著。在盐度为22.5‰,温度为22℃时,条石鲷幼鱼的特定生长率、转化率、摄食率、吸收率及生长能分配率均达到极大值,而排粪能、排泄能及代谢能分配率则处于较低水平。即在盐度22.5‰,温度22℃时,条石鲷幼鱼分别得到最佳的能量分配模式,此时的饵料系数最低,生长最快,是条石鲷幼鱼的最优养殖条件。能量收支方程分别为：100.00C=7.97F+8.66U+26.47G+56.90R(盐度22.5‰);100.00C=11.52F+6.13U+18.96G+63.39R(温度22℃)。研究发现,条石鲷幼鱼属于高代谢、低生长型鱼类。     

野生及人工养殖暗纹东方鲀肌肉营养成分的比较分析(英文)

[Objective] The aim of this study was to evaluate the nutritive value of Takifugu obscurus and provide the scientific basis for artificially feed research.[Method] The nutrient components and nutritive qualities in the muscle of wild and artificially reared Takifugu obscurus were comparatively analyzed.[Result] The contents of crude protein,crude fat,crude ash,total amino acids,essential amino acids and half essential amino acid in the muscle of wild Takifugu obscurus were all higher than those of the artificially reared.The content of four delicious amino acids in the muscle of wild and artificially reared Takifugu obscurus was 17.59% and 14.44%(percentage of dry weight),respectively.The essential amino acid index(EAAI)was 52 and 40 separately,and the constitutional rate of the essential amino acids met the FAO/WHO standard.Valine was the first limiting amino acid of Takifugu obscurus.[Conclusion] The muscle of wild and artificially reared Takifugu obscurus were all high quality food full of animal protein,while the protein nutritive value of wild Takifugu obscurus was higher than that of the artificially reared.     

A Novel Angiotensin-I-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitory Peptide from Takifugu flavidus

Alcalase, neutral protease, and pepsin were used to hydrolyze the skin of Takifugu flavidus. The T. flavidus hydrolysates (TFHs) with the maximum degree of hydrolysis (DH) and angiotensin-I-converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitory activity were selected and then ultra-filtered to obtain fractions with components of different molecular weights (MWs) (<1, 1–3, 3–10, 10–50, and >50 kDa). The components with MWs < 1 kDa showed the strongest ACE-inhibitory activity with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) of 0.58 mg/mL. Purification and identification using semi-preparative liquid chromatography, Sephadex G-15 gel chromatography, RP-HPLC, and LC–MS/MS yielded one new potential ACE-inhibitory peptide, PPLLFAAL (non-competitive suppression mode; IC₅₀ of 28 μmmol·L⁻¹). Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations indicated that the peptides should bind well to ACE and interact with amino acid residues and the zinc ion at the ACE active site. Furthermore, a short-term assay of antihypertensive activity in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) revealed that PPLLFAAL could significantly decrease the systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of SHRs after intravenous administration. These results suggested that PPLLFAAL may have potential applications in functional foods or pharmaceuticals as an antihypertensive agent.     

Effects of temperature and salinity on oxygen consumption of tawny puffer Takifugu flavidus juvenile

The respiratory rates of Tawny puffer Takifugu flavidus juvenile were measured at four temperatures (20, 23, 26 and 29 °C) and seven salinities (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 g L^?1). The results showed that both temperature and salinity significantly affected the oxygen consumption of tawny puffer juvenile. The oxygen consumption rate (OCR) increased significantly with an increase in the temperature from 20 to 29 °C. Over the entire experimental temperature range (20–29 °C), the Q₁₀ value was 1.59, and the lowest Q₁₀ value was found between 23 and 26 °C. The optimal temperature for the juvenile lies between 23 °C and 26 °C. The OCR at 25 g L^?1 was the highest among all salinity treatments. The OCRs show a parabolic relationship with salinity (5–35 g L^?1). From the quadratic relationship, the highest OCR was predicted to occur at 23.56 g L^?1. The optimal salinity range for the juvenile is from 23 to 25 g L^?1. The results of this study are useful towards facilitating an increase in the production of the species juvenile culture.     

盐度对寄主暗纹东方鲀(Takifugu obscurus)存活影响及其对车轮虫的杀灭作用

为防治河鲀车轮虫病,分别设置0、2.5、5.0、7.5、10.0、12.5、15.0、17.5、20.0、25.0、30.0、35.0和40.0共13个盐度梯度,对暗纹东方鲀进行了浸浴实验。结果显示,盐度为15以下,对暗纹东方鲀的存活没有影响;盐度为0、2.5、5.0时,4 d内车轮虫的数量没有减少反而有增加趋势;盐度7.5作用4 d,盐度10.0作用3.5 d,盐度12.5作用3 d,杀虫率可达95%以上;盐度15.0作用32 h,盐度17.5作用24 h,盐度20.0作用10 h,盐度25.0作用4 h,盐度30.0作用1.5 h,盐度35.0作用1 h,盐度40.0作用0.5 h,对车轮虫的杀虫率均可达100%。应用SPSS软件,对杀虫盐度和时间进行拟合曲线方程分析,其数学模型为对数曲线方程y=34.19-5.55lnx。另外,车轮虫在暗纹东方鲀体表的复活试验显示,用提高盐度的方法杀灭暗纹东方鲀体表车轮虫后,再恢复到正常养殖盐度5.0的情况下,暗纹东方鲀的体表车轮虫病不再复发,说明盐度7.5以上能治疗暗纹东方鲀的车轮虫病。结合提高盐度治疗暗纹东方鲀车轮虫病的生产性试验结果,建议以盐度为7.5–15.0作为治疗暗纹东方鲀体表车轮虫的适宜盐度。     

暗纹东方鲀鱼精蛋白的提取工艺优化研究

以暗纹东方鲀(Takifugu obscurus)精巢组织为原料,采用酸提法提取鱼精蛋白。以得率为指标,通过正交实验,确定了最佳的提取参数。结果显示,提取鱼精蛋白的影响因素重要性依次为：提取次数>硫酸用量>硫酸浓度>95%乙醇用量;最佳提取工艺条件：硫酸浓度为0.2 mol/L、硫酸用量为2.5倍、提取次数为2次、95%乙醇用量为2.5倍。在此工艺条件下,暗纹东方鲀鱼精蛋白的得率为3.82%,蛋白含量达89.01%。通过十二烷基硫酸钠聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(Tricine-SDS-PAGE)可知,提取的粗鱼精蛋白有2个条带,分子量分别在25和20 kDa附近。分析其氨酸酸组成发现,暗纹东方鲀鱼精蛋白属于双鱼精蛋白,其中,精氨酸和丙氨酸含量相对较高,分别占31.40%和17.39%。本研究对暗纹东方鲀鱼精蛋白更好地应用在食品和医药领域具有重要意义。     

LED光谱对红鳍东方鲀仔稚鱼形态性状及生长相关基因表达的影响

设置4种LED光谱环境,分别为蓝(λ450 nm)、绿(λ525 nm)、黄(λ590 nm)和白(λ400~780n m),水温控制在(22±1)℃,光周期为16L:8D,光强设为200 mW/m2。研究光谱对红鳍东方鲀(Takifugu rubripes)受精卵孵化和孵化后1~18 d (即实验第6~23天)仔稚鱼形态性状(全长、体长、躯干长、尾长、头长、眼径和体高)以及生长相关基因,包括生长激素(GH)、生长激素受体1型(GHR1)、类胰岛素生长因子1型(IGF1)基因相对表达量的影响。结果显示,蓝、绿、黄光处理组的受精卵比白光处理组早2 d孵化;在实验结束时,蓝光处理组中,仔稚鱼的全长、体长、躯干长和尾长生长最快,黄光处理组中,头长、眼径和体高生长最快。对于生长相关基因,蓝光下的GH基因表达量显著高于黄、白光组(P<0.05),但与绿光组无显著性差异;不同光谱下,GHR1、IGF1基因的表达量无显著性差异。结果表明,蓝光、绿光和黄光促进红鳍东方鲀受精卵的孵化,蓝光有利于红鳍东方鲀仔稚鱼的生长发育。本文研究了不同光谱对红鳍东方鲀仔稚鱼早期发育的形态性状及生长相关基因表达的影响,为养殖厂对红鳍东方鲀育苗提供科学的参考依据。     

低盐胁迫下松江鲈ATP1A3和ATP2B1基因的表达变化规律

为了探究Na+/K+-ATP酶和Ca2+-ATP酶在松江鲈(Trachidermus fasciatus)应对低盐胁迫过程中的调节作用,本研究基于前期转录组数据,获取目标基因ATP1A3 (Na+/K+-ATP酶α3亚基基因)和ATP2B1 (Ca2+-ATP酶1基因)的序列信息并进行了系统进化分析。利用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测了松江鲈的鳃、肠、肾脏和肝脏组织中2个基因在2种低盐胁迫处理(盐度渐变处理,盐度变化速率为1.1/h;盐度骤变处理,盐度变化速率为27/h)下,不同时间点(0 h、12 h、24 h和48 h)的表达水平。系统进化分析结果表明,ATP1A3和ATP2B1基因分别聚类形成独立分支;在各基因分支中,松江鲈与已报道的鲈形目和鲽形目等鱼类共同聚在硬骨鱼类分支中。在2种低盐胁迫处理下,2个基因在鳃、肠、肾脏和肝脏组织中的表达量呈现不同的变化趋势。鳃组织中ATP1A3表达量在盐度渐变处理下先上升后下降,ATP2B1表达量仅在24 h显著升高;盐度骤变处理下,ATP1A3表达量显著下降,ATP2B1表达量显著上升。2种盐度渐变处理下,肠组织中ATP1A3表达量均在24 h显著下降;ATP2B1表达量在盐度渐变处理下显著上升,盐度骤变处理下在24 h显著上升。在盐度渐变处理下,肾脏组织中2个基因的表达量均在24 h显著上升至最大值;ATP1A3表达量在盐度骤变处理下显著上升,ATP2B1表达量在12 h和48 h显著上升。肝脏组织中2个基因的表达量在盐度渐变处理下均无显著变化;盐度骤变处理下,ATP1A3表达量持续显著上升,ATP2B1表达量在48 h显著上升。结果表明,低盐胁迫处理显著影响了ATP1A3和ATP2B1基因的表达水平,但2个基因的表达量变化规律存在显著性差异。上述结果为探讨Na+/K+-ATP酶和Ca2+-ATP酶在鱼类渗透压调节过程中的作用及洄游性鱼类适应盐度变化的分子调控机制提供了理论依据。