条石鲷胚胎及仔稚鱼的发育

通过对条石鲷胚胎发育和仔鱼发育形态的观察,确定了条石鲷早期发育的进程。条石鲷的受精卵为圆球形、透明、浮性,卵径为0．90～0．95mill,油球1个,卵裂为盘状卵裂。在水温23～24℃,盐度26～28的条件下,受精后7h 10mirh胚胎发育至原肠期;受精后12h,眼囊形成;受精后20h 30min,心跳开始搏动;受精后26h 30min仔鱼孵出。初孵仔鱼全长1．78～2．03min,至5日龄全长3．25～3．30min时,卵黄囊完全消失;至8～15日龄,全长3．50～4．97mm时,鳔形成;至18．20日龄,全长7．10～7．31min时,尾鳍鳍条发育完整。     

低温诱导红鳍东方鲀雄性化及性腺分化的组织学观察

为探索无需紫外线照射、无需投喂性激素、操作简单的低温诱导红鳍东方鲀Takifugu rubripes雄性化的新方法,分别在孵化后15、45、75d将鱼苗进行15℃和17℃低温处理65d,以正常培育温度21℃为对照组,设置平行试验组,并对其性比及性别分化的组织学进行了观察。结果表明:(1)在15℃条件下,试验组雄性率最高可达(74.70±2.79)%;在17℃条件下,试验组雄性率最高为(59.60±3.49)%;在21℃条件下,对照组雄性率为(51.57±0.06)%;温度与雄性率呈负相关(R=-0.827),与雌性率呈正相关(R=0.823)。(2)在21℃条件下,对照组孵化后48d时出现卵巢腔,标志着卵巢分化的开始,68d时生殖腺柄部出现裂缝状的输精管原基,标志着精巢开始分化;在17℃条件下,试验组孵化后63d时观察到明显的卵巢腔,83d时出现输精管原基性腺;而在15℃条件下,试验组孵化后73d时出现明显卵巢腔,93d时出现精小叶,标志组织学上的分化。研究表明,随着处理温度的升高,性腺中细胞分裂速度呈线性关系,在一定范围内升温有助于性腺的发育。     

红鳍东方鲀生长性状的遗传力估计及性状间相关关系的初步研究

为估计红鳍东方鲀Takifugu rubripes生长性状的遗传力及生长性状间的相关关系,构建了5个全同胞家系,测定了210日龄(504尾)和360日龄(500尾)红鳍东方鲀的体质量、体长和体全长等生长性状的表型值,构建固定模型,用全同胞法估计了210日龄和360日龄红鳍东方鲀的体质量、体长和体全长3个生长性状的遗传力。结果表明:红鳍东方鲀的体质量、体长和体全长3个生长性状的遗传力估计值在210日龄时分别为0.54、0.38、0.52,在360日龄时分别为0.46、0.37、0.44,这3个性状的遗传力属于中等和高等遗传力;体质量与体长,体质量与体全长,以及体长与体全长的遗传相关系数在210日龄时分别为0.99、0.99、0.98,在360日龄时分别为0.97、0.97、0.96,这3个性状之间的遗传相关呈高度正相关;测定了102日龄(296尾)红鳍东方鲀的体质量、体长和体高3个生长性状,利用回归模型建立了体质量(W)与体长(L)和体全高(H)的数学模型为W=e-8.513L2.046H0.742(R2=0.903)。本研究结果可为红鳍东方鲀的遗传育种研究提供参考。     

红鳍东方鲀FoxO1基因的原核表达及纯化

采集红鳍东方鲀脂肪组织提取其总RNA,采用RT–PCR方法扩增和克隆红鳍东方鲀FoxO1基因的ORF,并构建其原核表达载体p ET–32/FoxO1,在大肠杆菌Rosetta(DE3)进行表达,通过IPTG诱导表达,对重组FoxO1蛋白进行可溶性分析、纯化及鉴定,结果表明:重组质粒p ET32a/FoxO1被成功构建;用IPTG进行诱导表达,融合蛋白主要以可溶蛋白形式存在,能与抗His标签的兔多克隆抗体发生特异性反应;纯化出了融合表达蛋白,获得了相对分子质量约为110 000的重组蛋白。     

Synthesis and biological activity of furanyl anti-juvenile hormonal compounds

Twenty-one synthetic compounds, containing one or more furan rings, were demonstrated to possess anti-juvenile hormone (AJH) activity as evidenced by their induction of premature metamorphosis in the milkweed bug, Oncopeltus fasciatus (Dallas) by contact, topical application or fumigation. The ED₅₀ of the four most active analogs required to induce precocious metamorphosis from 3rd-instar nymphs by residue contact in a Petri dish compared favorably with that of precocene II (6,7-dimethoxy-2,2-dimethyl 2H-chromene) a naturally occurring phytochemical AJH. Precocious metamorphosis was fully reversible by co-treatment with juvenile hormone (JH III) or JH analogs, demonstrating that the observed AJH activity resulted from an induced deficiency of juvenile hormone.     

暗纹东方鱼屯生殖期两性判别的研究

暗纹东方鱼屯俗称河豚，属江海洄游性鱼类。生殖季节，雌、雄个体副性征差异不明显，不能采用常规鉴别方法进行性别鉴定。作者根据体征、体态特征，采用综合指标判别法对１９９５年３月１５日至５月３０日在江苏仪征—泰州６０ｋｍ江段渔获的１０３８尾暗纹东方鱼屯进行了雌、雄性别判定，正确率达９５．４％。该方法操作简单，不伤鱼体，仅凭眼观即可判定自由游动状河鱼屯的雌、雄。文中有关利用行为差异来判定鱼类雌、雄的方法，国内外尚未见诸报道。该项工作为鉴别鱼类性别提供了一种新方法，在鱼类人工繁殖和规模化生产中具有一定应用价值     

盐度对暗纹东方鲀胚胎发育的影响

研究了不同盐度对暗纹东方鲀胚胎发育的影响，盐度为4和8的试验组中受精卵的发育历期、孵化率及初孵仔鱼24小时的存活能力和淡水相比均无显著差异。在盐度12及以上，绝大部分受精卵死亡，仅有极少数个体孵化出膜，且全为畸形并都在24小时内死亡；发育速度随着盐度的升高而变慢。因此，暗纹东方鲀胚胎正常发育所能耐受的盐度范围是0～8。     

Pathological changes induced by three myxosporeans in the intestine of cultured tiger puffer, Takifugu rubripes (Temminck and Schlegel)

Pathological changes in cultured tiger puffer, Takifugu rubripes , with emaciation disease in Kyushu, Japan were studied histologically. In most cases, diseased fish were heavily infected with at least one of three myxosporeans ( Myxidium fugu , Myxidium sp. and Leptotheca fugu ) and two unidentified hyperparasitic microsporeans, attached to, or in, the intestinal epithelium. Myxidium fugu attached to the surface of the epithelium, caused no noticeable effects on the host tissue, irrespective of its infection with the hyperparasite. Myxidium sp., which proliferated in the epithelium, induced severe pathological changes including accumulation of cell debris between the epithelium and lamina propria and resultant detachment of the epithelium. Leptotheca fugu, another histozoic myxosporean, induced degeneration of the epithelium, associated with massive infiltration of macrophages into the epithelium to encapsulate parasites. When L. fugu was infected with its hyperparasitic microsporean, shortened villi were also observed. This is probably because passage of macrophage-parasite aggregates through the basement membrane of the epithelium severely damaged the epithelial structure. It is evident histologically that, unlike epicellular M. fugu , histozoic Myxidium sp. and L. fugu with or without hyperparasitic microsporeans, were highly pathogenic to host fish. This strongly suggests that they are causative agents of the emaciation disease.     

红鳍东方鲀SREBP-1基因的电子克隆及生物信息学分析

利用斑马鱼的SREBP-1的氨基酸序列NP_001098599.1为探针,对红鳍东方鲀基因组数据库进行BLAST分析,获得红鳍东方鲀(Takifugu rubripes)的固醇调节元件结合蛋白-1 (Sterol regulatory element binding protein-1,SREBP-1)的cDNA序列及相应的氨基酸序列.采用生物信息学方法对其基本理化性质、蛋白质结构及功能结构域进行分析.结果发现红鳍东方纯SREBP-1基因的开放阅读框全长3 330 bp,共编码1 109个氨基酸;红鳍东方鲀SREBP-1的氨基酸序列与黄斑蓝子鱼、大西洋鲑、斑马鱼、人、牛及原鸡的同源性分别为81％、73％、72％、55％ 、55％、54％和54％;系统进化分析结果表明,红鳍东方纯SREBP-1与黄斑蓝子鱼的进化关系最为密切,亲缘关系最近;红鳍东方鲀SREBP-1蛋白中α-螺旋较多,该蛋白质氨基端包含1个bHLH-zip的结构.