红鳍东方鲀伪雌鱼卵巢发育迟滞的调控机制

伪雌鱼的培育是红鳍东方鲀(Takifugu rubripes)全雄制种技术研发的关键环节之一,然而外源雌激素诱导获得的伪雌鱼表现出卵巢发育迟滞,降低了其育种价值和效率。为探讨红鳍东方鲀伪雌鱼卵巢发育迟滞的调控机制,本研究从孵化后20日龄开始,用10 μg/L 17 β-雌二醇(E2)浸泡红鳍东方鲀稚幼鱼,每天浸泡1次,每次2 h,至90日龄结束。在90、180和330日龄分别采集处理组(10 μg/L E2)遗传雄性幼鱼和对照组(0 μg/L E2)遗传雌性幼鱼,比较两组幼鱼性腺的组织学和形态学变化特征、下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴相关激素(FSH、LH、E2和17α, 20βOH-PROG)和基因(fshr、lhr、erα、erβ1、erβ2)及脂质积累相关基因(lpl和vldlr)的变化规律。结果显示: 10 μg/L E2可将遗传雄性幼鱼全部诱导为伪雌鱼,且伪雌鱼直至330日龄未二次反转为间性或者雄性,但其性腺系数、卵母细胞数量及卵黄生成前期的卵母细胞面积均显著小于对照雌鱼。此外, 90日龄伪雌鱼的lhr和pgr的表达量显著高于同期对照雌鱼,而17α, 20β-PROG的含量及fshr的表达量显著低于对照组;180日龄伪雌鱼的vldl表达量显著低于对照组;330日龄伪雌鱼的激素含量及基因表达量没有显著差异。综合分析伪雌鱼性腺发育的形态学、组织学和性腺轴相关激素及基因变化规律可见,足够浓度的外源E2能够诱导并维持伪雌鱼的卵巢特征,但E2浓度过高,一方面可能抑制fshr和vldlr基因的表达,从而影响脂质在卵黄生成早期卵母细胞中的积累,导致红鳍东方鲀伪雌鱼卵母细胞生长迟缓;另一方便,高浓度E2抑制伪雌鱼卵原细胞减数分裂的启动,是导致红鳍东方鲀伪雌鱼卵母细胞数量较少的原因之一。     

在循环水养殖系统中养殖密度对红鳍东方鲀应激反应和抗氧化状态的影响

养殖密度是影响养殖水体水质和鱼类生长性能的重要因素。通过红鳍东方鲀(Takifugu rubripes)循环水养殖试验和硝酸盐氮急性处理试验,分别研究不同养殖密度(12.5~20.0 kg/m^3)和不同硝酸盐氮质量浓度(1.0、25.0、100.0和150.0 mg/L)对养殖水体水质、红鳍东方鲀生长性能、应激反应和抗氧化状态的影响。结果显示:不同养殖密度对红鳍东方鲀养殖水体的pH、氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮质量浓度无显著性影响,但较高密度会导致硝酸盐氮质量浓度显著升高,最高升至24.5 mg/L。在较高养殖密度条件下,红鳍东方鲀的生长性能(终体质量、特定增长率和饲料转化率)和抗氧化能力(总抗氧化能力、超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶)较弱,但其脂质过氧化(丙二醛)和应激反应(葡萄糖、乳酸和皮质醇)较强。此外,在硝酸盐氮急性处理试验中,红鳍东方鲀未出现死亡。当硝酸盐氮质量浓度为100.0和150.0 mg/L时,红鳍东方鲀抗氧化能力较弱,而应激反应较强。综上,当养殖密度为16.5 kg/m^3时,红鳍东方鲀的生长和抗氧化状态较好,且应激压力较小,这表明在较高密度条件下,养殖水体硝酸盐氮质量浓度的升高不是引起鱼类生长抑制的主要原因。     

复合生物保鲜剂结合冰温贮藏对红鳍东方鲀的保鲜效果

为了延长红鳍东方鲀鱼块的货架期,利用响应面Box-Behnken原理设计柠檬酸、百里酚和海藻酸钠3因素3水平响应面分析实验,建立以菌落总数为响应值的二次多项式回归模型。并通过pH、汁液流失率、挥发性盐基氮(TVB-N)、硫代巴比妥酸(TBA)、菌落总数及优势腐败菌假单胞菌等指标测定,对最佳配比的复合生物保鲜剂的保鲜效果进行了验证。结果显示,冰温下,柠檬酸、百里酚、海藻酸钠的最优配比分别为0.68%、1.45%、1.94%,贮藏30 d时菌落总数为最低值5.50 lg (CFU/g),并且3种保鲜剂两两间均存在极显著的交互作用。经验证,该复合生物保鲜剂可以显著抑制微生物的增长,有效降低贮藏过程中的TVB-N含量、TBA含量,显著减缓了鱼块的腐败变质发生,货架期较对照组的15 d延长至30 d。     

Feeding interval and photoperiod influence the growth performance of striped knifejaw,Oplegnathus fasciatus

A two‐factor experiment incorporating two photoperiods (16 L:8 D and 24 L:0 D) and four feeding intervals (6, 9, 12 and 24 h) was carried out to determine the most efficient feeding interval and photoperiod for striped knifejaw, Oplegnathus fasciatus. Fish were fed a commercial diet to apparent satiation for 10 weeks. Blood was collected to measure the stress indicators. Both the photoperiod and the feeding intervals had a significant effect on the growth performance of striped knifejaw; however, their interaction did not produce any significant effect. The final body weight, weight gain (%) and feed intake at 6‐, 9‐ and 12‐h feeding intervals under 16 L:8 D were significantly higher than those at the 24‐h interval irrespective of the photoperiod (P<0.05). The specific growth rate at 6, 9 and 12 h intervals of the 16 L:8 D photoperiod was significantly higher than that of the other feeding intervals, except at 12 h of the 24 L:0 D photoperiod (P<0.05). At the end of the experiment, there were no significant differences in the plasma levels of cortisol, glucose and total protein observed in fish exposed to different photoperiods compared with the initial levels. The results suggested that a combination of a 16 L:8 D photoperiod and either of 6‐, 9‐ or 12‐h intervals can be used to stimulate the growth performance in striped knifejaw.     

基于线粒体基因组的东方鲀属系统发育学及群体遗传学

为了细致探究东方鲀属内系统发育关系,本研究首次基于群体尺度对东方鲀属物种进行系统发育分析。利用线粒体基因组,在包含10个种的124尾东方鲀中,挖掘了1 488个单核苷酸多态性（SNP）位点和4个插入缺失（INDEL）,使用这些遗传变异位点进行了系统发育及群体遗传学分析。发现网纹东方魨与铅点东方鲀可能是同种异名,且二者形成的姊妹群位于东方鲀属基部;暗纹东方鲀与红鳍东方鲀、菊黄东方鲀与双斑东方鲀各自亲缘关系较近。此外,实验发现了4尾可疑的双斑东方鲀和菊黄东方鲀杂交个体,以及2尾可疑的横纹东方魨杂交个体。遗传多样性方面,弓斑东方鲀遗传多样性最低。此外,实验在10种东方鲀中共找到595个种间特异性SNP位点。Ka/Ks分析表明,nd6基因的Ka/Ks最高（平均为1.19）,说明在东方鲀属中nd6可能经历了正选择,而ATP合成酶基因可能在东方鲀适应淡水环境中受到选择。研究表明,东方鲀属内系统发育关系较为复杂,且在野生环境下东方鲀物种间广泛存在自然杂交现象,该研究为东方鲀物种快速鉴定提供可靠的分子标记,加速东方鲀属系统发育研究进展,并为东方鲀野生种质资源保护提供了理论依据。     

东海区黄鳍东方鲀寄生异尖线虫的鉴定及河鲀毒素检测

通过检查东海区283尾野生黄鳍东方鲀(Takifugu xanthopterus)样本,发现具有河鲀毒素的黄鳍东方鲀也受到线虫的感染。11月份黄鳍东方鲀体内异尖线虫感染情况最严重。通过形态学特征和线粒体DNA鉴定,黄鳍东方鲀组织内寄生的线虫为派氏异尖线虫(Anisakis pegreffii)。免疫组学分析发现异尖线虫体内含有河鲀毒素,进一步的高效液相色谱-质谱检测结果显示异尖线虫体内河鲀毒素含量为425 ng/g,这是首次发现寄生在东方鲀体内的线虫具有河鲀毒素。     

福建省3种养殖鱼食用健康风险评估

为评估福建省3种养殖鱼类富集环境、饲料中污染物而产生的食用健康风险,对沿海养殖石斑鱼(Epinepheli-nae)、双斑东方鲀(Takifugu bimaculatus)及大黄鱼(Larimichthys crocea)体内主要持久性污染物:无机砷、甲基汞、铅、镉、铜、多环芳烃、多氯联苯、六六六和滴滴涕进行检测.计算...     

Genetic comparison between torafugu <Emphasis Type="Italic">Takifugu rubripes</Emphasis> and its closely related species karasu <Emphasis Type="Italic">Takifugu chinensis</Emphasis>

Abstract:   Sequence analyses of mitochondrial (mt) and nuclear genes were performed for genetic comparison between two Takifugu pufferfish species: torafugu T. rubripes and karasu T.  chinensis . With a sequence coverage of 20% in mtDNA, 640, 308, 344, 522 and 697 bp encoding mt 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA), adenosine triphosphatase 6 ( ATPase 6 ), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase subunit 4 ( ND4 ), ND5 and cytochrome b (cyt b ), respectively, among 24 wild torafugu, 24 wild karasu and six hybrid-like samples, 15% of the torafugu identified by external color patterns showed nucleotide sequences consistent with karasu. Meanwhile, sequences of 60% karasu were consistent with those registered for torafugu (AJ421455). As for the hybrid-like samples, two possessed karasu-specific sequences in some base positions while torafugu-specific sequences in others. The remaining hybrid-like samples possessed torafugu-specific sequences. On the other hand, the mt control region did not show such type of consistency. Analysis of nuclear melanocortin receptor genes ( MC1R , MC4R ) among 54 samples showed 99–100% inter- and intraspecific sequence identity. Partial nuclear 18S  rRNA, complete internal transcribed spacer 1 ( ITS1 ), partial 5.8S  rRNA and ITS2 genes showed similar levels of identity, indicating a very low level of variation in their respective gene fragments between the two Takifugu species.     

Comparison between α-LNA and DHA in early developmental stages of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Takifugu obscurus</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Takifugu rubripes</Emphasis>

ABSTRACT:   Rearing experiments were conducted to investigate the essential fatty acid requirements in the early developmental stages of river puffer Takifugu obscurus and tiger puffer T. rubripes using two n-3 series unsaturated fatty acids, α-linolenic acid (18:3n-3, α-LNA) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3, DHA), under salinity of 30 and 18.5–20.3°C. River and tiger puffer larvae used in this study were 15 and 14 days old after hatching, and their average body weights were 30.1 and 20.8 mg, respectively. The results on fatty acid requirements of these two species were evaluated from fish growth, survival, fatty acid composition of the fish body and activity test results. The DHA groups of both river and tiger puffer exhibited better survival and weight gain. However, there was no difference in the mean final body weights of river puffer between two dietary groups. Also, the DHA group of tiger puffer showed better results in the recovery test from anesthetic condition than that obtained in the LNA group. In an examination of the fatty acid compositions of the whole body, the LNA group containing no dietary DHA resulted in 0.5% DHA in tiger puffer and 1.1% DHA in river puffer . These results suggest that α-LNA from Artemia converted to eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3, EPA) and to DHA successively by their fatty acid metabolism. Symptoms following essential fatty acid deficiency were not observed in any experimental groups. As river puffer did not represent a significant difference in the dietary effects between α-LNA and DHA treatment groups, its essential fatty acid requirement was assumed to be somewhat closer to that of the freshwater fishes in comparison with that of marine fishes, including tiger puffer.     

条石鲷早期鳞被的形成和初生鳞的发育

采用茜素红染色法对条石鲷(Oplegnathus fasciatus)早期发育阶段鳞片的形成和发育过程进行了观察和测量。结果显示条石鲷鳞片的起始中心有3个,分别是鳃盖后缘、侧线上方和尾柄处。在水温为24~27℃的人工培育条件下,20日龄在这3个起始中心最早出现鳞片,鳃盖后缘至胸鳍基部的鳞被向上下前后扩展,胸鳍后缘的侧线上方鳞被向下和向前后扩展,尾柄处的鳞被前后扩展,头顶部的鳞被向四周扩展,到40日龄时鱼体全身被鳞进入幼鱼期。通过观察还发现,鳞片向下方发育的速度快于上方,上下方向的发育速度快于前后方向。向前扩展到鳃盖后暂停,向后发育到达尾柄末端,最后出现鳞片的部位是鳃盖。条石鲷鳞片为栉鳞,较细小。在鱼体的同一时期同一部位,鳞片的大小存在较大的差异。初生鳞鳞嵴(环片)数目与发育阶段的关系可用二次方程表示。