Synthesis and biological activity of furanyl anti-juvenile hormonal compounds

Twenty-one synthetic compounds, containing one or more furan rings, were demonstrated to possess anti-juvenile hormone (AJH) activity as evidenced by their induction of premature metamorphosis in the milkweed bug, Oncopeltus fasciatus (Dallas) by contact, topical application or fumigation. The ED₅₀ of the four most active analogs required to induce precocious metamorphosis from 3rd-instar nymphs by residue contact in a Petri dish compared favorably with that of precocene II (6,7-dimethoxy-2,2-dimethyl 2H-chromene) a naturally occurring phytochemical AJH. Precocious metamorphosis was fully reversible by co-treatment with juvenile hormone (JH III) or JH analogs, demonstrating that the observed AJH activity resulted from an induced deficiency of juvenile hormone.     

双斑东方鲀三倍体育苗生产性研究

采用温度休克方法诱导双斑东方鲀三倍体,在水温18-20℃条件下,卵受精后5分钟用40℃的水处理双斑东方鲀受精卵10分钟,三倍体诱导率100％,孵化率相对诱导量达25％;育苗采用前期室内工厂化培育与后期土池培育相结合方法,培育出全为三倍体(体长3 cm以上)苗种5．8万尾,对应孵出苗量,成活率为34．6％。     

暗纹东方鱼屯生殖期两性判别的研究

暗纹东方鱼屯俗称河豚，属江海洄游性鱼类。生殖季节，雌、雄个体副性征差异不明显，不能采用常规鉴别方法进行性别鉴定。作者根据体征、体态特征，采用综合指标判别法对１９９５年３月１５日至５月３０日在江苏仪征—泰州６０ｋｍ江段渔获的１０３８尾暗纹东方鱼屯进行了雌、雄性别判定，正确率达９５．４％。该方法操作简单，不伤鱼体，仅凭眼观即可判定自由游动状河鱼屯的雌、雄。文中有关利用行为差异来判定鱼类雌、雄的方法，国内外尚未见诸报道。该项工作为鉴别鱼类性别提供了一种新方法，在鱼类人工繁殖和规模化生产中具有一定应用价值     

松江鲈鱼初期胚后发育阶段消化系统组织学的初步研究

实验通过对松江鲈鱼(Trachidermus fasciatus Heckel)仔鱼的消化道进行从口腔到尾部的连续切片,观察其消化道的组织学结构。结果表明:①松江鲈鱼仔鱼在出膜后1d与2d的消化道组织结构简单,肠腔部分位置堵塞,未见畅通,仔鱼靠自身的卵黄囊进行营养。②出膜3d后的松江鲈鱼仔鱼消化道畅通,可进行主动摄食。了解到这一情况,并根据其当时精确的口径大小,可为解决松江鲈鱼仔鱼开口时间与选择合适开口饵料提供理论依据。     

盐度对暗纹东方鲀胚胎发育的影响

研究了不同盐度对暗纹东方鲀胚胎发育的影响，盐度为4和8的试验组中受精卵的发育历期、孵化率及初孵仔鱼24小时的存活能力和淡水相比均无显著差异。在盐度12及以上，绝大部分受精卵死亡，仅有极少数个体孵化出膜，且全为畸形并都在24小时内死亡；发育速度随着盐度的升高而变慢。因此，暗纹东方鲀胚胎正常发育所能耐受的盐度范围是0～8。     

Pathological changes induced by three myxosporeans in the intestine of cultured tiger puffer, Takifugu rubripes (Temminck and Schlegel)

Pathological changes in cultured tiger puffer, Takifugu rubripes , with emaciation disease in Kyushu, Japan were studied histologically. In most cases, diseased fish were heavily infected with at least one of three myxosporeans ( Myxidium fugu , Myxidium sp. and Leptotheca fugu ) and two unidentified hyperparasitic microsporeans, attached to, or in, the intestinal epithelium. Myxidium fugu attached to the surface of the epithelium, caused no noticeable effects on the host tissue, irrespective of its infection with the hyperparasite. Myxidium sp., which proliferated in the epithelium, induced severe pathological changes including accumulation of cell debris between the epithelium and lamina propria and resultant detachment of the epithelium. Leptotheca fugu, another histozoic myxosporean, induced degeneration of the epithelium, associated with massive infiltration of macrophages into the epithelium to encapsulate parasites. When L. fugu was infected with its hyperparasitic microsporean, shortened villi were also observed. This is probably because passage of macrophage-parasite aggregates through the basement membrane of the epithelium severely damaged the epithelial structure. It is evident histologically that, unlike epicellular M. fugu , histozoic Myxidium sp. and L. fugu with or without hyperparasitic microsporeans, were highly pathogenic to host fish. This strongly suggests that they are causative agents of the emaciation disease.     

红鳍东方鲀SREBP-1基因的电子克隆及生物信息学分析

利用斑马鱼的SREBP-1的氨基酸序列NP_001098599.1为探针,对红鳍东方鲀基因组数据库进行BLAST分析,获得红鳍东方鲀(Takifugu rubripes)的固醇调节元件结合蛋白-1 (Sterol regulatory element binding protein-1,SREBP-1)的cDNA序列及相应的氨基酸序列.采用生物信息学方法对其基本理化性质、蛋白质结构及功能结构域进行分析.结果发现红鳍东方纯SREBP-1基因的开放阅读框全长3 330 bp,共编码1 109个氨基酸;红鳍东方鲀SREBP-1的氨基酸序列与黄斑蓝子鱼、大西洋鲑、斑马鱼、人、牛及原鸡的同源性分别为81％、73％、72％、55％ 、55％、54％和54％;系统进化分析结果表明,红鳍东方纯SREBP-1与黄斑蓝子鱼的进化关系最为密切,亲缘关系最近;红鳍东方鲀SREBP-1蛋白中α-螺旋较多,该蛋白质氨基端包含1个bHLH-zip的结构.     

红鳍东方鲀仔鱼期摄食与生长的研究

在水温 ( 1 6± 1 )℃条件下 ,红鳍东方 (Takifugurubripes)仔鱼孵出后 4d开始摄食 ,此时其卵黄囊体积由初孵时的 0 636mm3减少到 0 375mm3;1 2d时 ,卵黄完全耗尽。最高初次摄食率出现在卵黄耗尽时 ,可达 1 0 0 % ;仔鱼能维持 9d高达 90 %以上的初次摄食率。初次摄食强度最大值也出现在 1 2d。饥饿不可逆点 (PNR)出现在 1 5～ 1 6d。在内营养期日平均增长率为 0 2 1 7mm/d ;在PNR前的摄食期 ,饥饿仔鱼的日平均生长率为 0 0 1 7mm/d ;而摄食仔鱼的日平均生长率为 0 0 95mm/d ;PNR后至死亡前 ,饥饿仔鱼呈负增长 ,而摄食仔鱼的日平均生长率达 0 41 0mm/d。     

条石鲷胚胎及仔稚鱼的发育

通过对条石鲷胚胎发育和仔鱼发育形态的观察，确定了条石鲷早期发育的进程。条石鲷的受精卵为圆球形、透明、浮性，卵径为0．90～0．95mill，油球1个，卵裂为盘状卵裂。在水温23～24℃，盐度26～28的条件下，受精后7h 10mirh胚胎发育至原肠期；受精后12h，眼囊形成；受精后20h 30min，心跳开始搏动；受精后26h 30min仔鱼孵出。初孵仔鱼全长1．78～2．03min，至5日龄全长3．25～3．30min时，卵黄囊完全消失；至8～15日龄，全长3．50～4．97mm时，鳔形成；至18．20日龄，全长7．10～7．31min时，尾鳍鳍条发育完整。