小麦抗赤霉病基因库研究

利用太谷核不育小麦,进行多亲本杂交,按不同的方式组建基础群体,采用不同的选择方法和选择强度,分别进行轮回选择。对长期库GPO和近期库GPE、GPII、GPIII等4个不同轮选群体,于1989/1990和1990/1991年在南京进行了研究。群体平均抗赤霉病性GPIII较强,GPII较弱。各群体当选优良可育株平均病粒数（率）GPIII较低,但其后代     

光周期条件对湖北光敏感核不育水稻育性转变的影响

湖北光周期敏感核不育水稻是湖北省发现培育的新不育材料,其育性转变受日照长度所控制。本研究通过人工光照和自然日照的调控等手段,初步探明了诱导育性转变的光周期的临界光照长度、光周期阈光值、暗期连续性的作用等。并对曙、暮光在诱导育性转变中的作用进行了论述。     

探讨太谷核不育小麦细胞质效应的试验

通过4个具太谷核不育(Ta)小麦细胞质的回交4代可育材料与其相应核遗传组成的正常细胞质普通小麦轮回亲本品种间的正反 NCⅡ杂交(或由核遗传称为复式双列杂交),探讨 Ta 细胞质对产量等有关性状的遗传效应。试验证实两组亲本核遗传组成相对一致;Ta 细胞质与正常细胞质相比,对粒数、粒重、千粒重、结实率等性状具有不良效应;Ta     

高配合力优质籼型两系不育系504S的选育与应用

504S系安徽省农业科学院水稻研究所以籼型两系不育系1892S为母本,以自育三系保持系65B（丰8B/早籼M057）为父本,经5年8代选择育成的优质籼型温敏核不育系。该不育系具有株型紧凑、叶色深绿、分蘖力强、不育起点温度低、异交结实率较高、配合力强等特性,2013年8月通过安徽省农作物品种审定委员会鉴定。利用504S所配制的两系杂交籼稻新组合两优5078和两优5077具有优质、高产、抗逆的特点,分别于2019年和2020年通过国家农作物品种审定委员会审定。     

我国主要水稻雄性不育系的熟期气候适应性分析

根据我国南方稻区24地区1970~2001年的逐日气象资料,在预测各不育系抽穗期的基础上,以育性敏感期安全和扬花期安全为指标,分析了各不育系在我国南方稻区不同熟制下的熟期气候适应性。结果表明,所有水稻雄性不育系均随播期的推迟生育期缩短,熟期适应性因品种的光温特性及所处的环境条件而异。     

太谷县绿荫西湖规划设计方法及应用

对山西省太谷县山西农业大学西校门外开阔场地进行了调查分析，对场地进行了合理运用设计，以山西农业大学为背景，规划出了一个山西农业大学的微缩景观，以文化，历史，农业，学习等内容来为农大师生以及外来游客介绍农大的特色，既为农大的学生设计了一个可以休闲放松的空间，也为其他游客提供了一个可以娱乐参观的地方。     

利用花药培养技术创制籼型两系不育材料

以培矮64S、福龙S2、F1、H1为试验材料,研究不同播种期对F1代花药培养力的影响,H1群体自然加倍率,愈伤苗系(同一块愈伤组织分化的一丛绿苗,以下简称愈伤苗系)的农艺性状和H1群体基因变异性DNA检测等.结果表明:不同播种期对花药培养力的影响较大;H1群体的二倍体率为64.25％;该DH群体中,大部分愈伤苗系的农艺性状整齐一致,所考查的农艺性状中,除播始历期外,均存在双向超亲优势;利用SSR标记对H1群体中的全体单株进行检测,未发现基因突变或染色体结构变异的存在.     

Cytological screening of rice TGMS lines

An investigation was undertaken to develop new stable thermo‐sensitive genic male sterility (TGMS) rice lines in intermated progenies (IMPs) of TGMS lines by using an anther clearing technique. The results indicate that both pre‐ and post‐meiotic genetic systems operate during anther development for the expression of sterility in TGMS lines. In all the TGMS lines, sterile anthers were small with empty pollen grains of irregular shape, except for TS 16, which showed pollen‐free anthers. This indicates that the sensitive stage of TS 16 is around stage IV (stamen and pistil primordia) of panicle development. Distinct differences were observed between sterile and fertile phases with respect to anther size, shape and colour of the pollen grains in TS 18 and TS 29. The pollen grains at the sterile phase were small and irregular in shape while in the fertile phase they were plump and larger with a yellow colour, establishing that the occurrence of sterility in TS 18 and TS 29 is post‐meiotic. Three distinct classes of pollen fertility percentage viz. <20%, 50‐70% and >90% were observed in IMPs. Anther clearing in IMPs showed distinct developmental patterns of pollen production with respect to distinct classes of pollen fertility. Less than 20% pollen fertility was observed in hybrids such as TS 15 × TS 16, TS 15 × Co 47, TS 18 × TS 16 and TS 18 × Co 47 which hold promise for developing new TGMS lines with a good plant type and acceptable quality.     

太谷显性核不育基因用于抗逆性育种的效应

利用太谷核不育小麦，采用改良半姐妹和混合轮选及隔代回交轮选三种方法进行抗逆性育种。结果表明，改良半姐妹和混合轮选对群体主穗粒数、单株粒重、百粒重等主要产量性状和抗干热风能力均有显著改良效果。改良半姐妹比混合轮选改进幅度大，且对降低群体株高有极显著效果；而混合轮选对降低株高效果不明显；两群体各主要经济性状有向选择目标集中，变异度下降的趋势。用隔代回交轮选法改造丰抗２号效果显著，升选系抗干热风，抗寒性     

AFLP-based STS markers closely linked to a fertility restoration locus (Rfm1) for cytoplasmic male sterility in barley

The Rfm1 gene restores the fertility of the msm1 and msm² male‐sterile cytoplasms in barley. Rfm1 is located on the short arm of chromosome 6H. To develop molecular markers tightly linked to Rfm1 for use in sophisticated marker‐assisted selection and map‐based cloning, an amplified fragment‐length polymorphism (AFLP) marker system with isogenic lines and a segregating BC₁F₁ population was used. Nine hundred primer combinations were screened and a linkage map was constructed around the Rfm1 locus by using 25 recombinant plants selected from 214 BC₁F₁ plants. Three AFLP markers were identified, e34m2, e46m19 and e48m17, linked to the locus. The most closely linked markers were e34m2, at 1.0 cM distally and e46m19, at 1.1 cM proximally. The two AFLP markers were converted to dominant STS markers. These markers should accelerate programmes for breeding restorer lines and will be useful for map‐based cloning.