番茄温敏核不育系花粉发育及其对愈伤组织诱导的效应

[目的]探讨番茄花蕾外观形态及花粉发育时期与花药培养愈伤组织诱导的相关性,筛选出番茄温敏核不育系花药培养的适宜花粉发育时期。[方法]采用形态学观测、细胞学鉴定和花药组织培养相结合的方法,对番茄2个温敏核不育系T7、T8和普通杂交种王蔬、红日2个品种,进行了花蕾外观形态分类、花粉发育时期鉴定与愈伤组织诱导效应的比较研究。[结果]番茄花蕾外观形态与花粉发育时期的关系为：花蕾长0.2~0.3 cm=花粉孢子期,花蕾长0.4~0.5 cm=花粉单核早期,花蕾长0.6~0.7 cm=花粉单核中晚期（单核靠边期）,花蕾长0.8~0.9 cm=花粉二核期、三核期,花蕾长≥1.0 cm=花粉三核期、成熟期;T7、T8、王蔬、红日的花药培养均以花粉发育在单核中晚期（单核靠边期）为最佳时期,此时愈伤组织诱导率达最高,分别为11.8%、13.7%、19.6%和18.1%。[结论]番茄花蕾外观形态及花粉发育时期与花药培养愈伤组织诱导有明显的相关性;番茄温敏核不育系花药培养的适宜花粉发育时期为单核中晚期（单核靠边期）。     

长穗颈温敏核不育水稻长选3S制种时GA3的用量研究

[目的]明确长穗颈温敏核不育水稻长选3S制种时GA3的用量。[方法]以长选3S及其亲本培矮64S为材料,在制种田对长选3S和培矮64S进行GA3不同用量的对比试验。[结果]长选3S在制种中喷施GA3以抽穗10%时为最佳时期,用量为90 g/hm2,分2次喷。在喷施90 g/hm2的条件下,长选3S的穗颈伸出度达到＋1.78 cm,柱头外露率达到96.87%,比培矮64S高21.46个百分点;异交结实率达到36.44%,比培矮64S高16.33个百分点;长选3S/9311制种的理论产量达到2 931.90 kg/hm2,比培矮64S/9311增产1 259.40kg/hm2。[结论]长选3S比培矮64S对GA3更为敏感,可大大减少制种中GA3的用量。     

芝麻三系杂交品种皖芝12号株型特征比较研究

皖芝12号为芝麻三系杂交新品种,对杂交品种与常规栽培品种的株型特征和产量因素进行了比较研究。试验结果表明,杂交品种与常规栽培品种在株型上有明显差异,杂交品种具有较高的株高、主茎直径、叶基角、叶长、叶宽、叶面积指数;杂交品种的干物质积累量较高,在盛花期比亲本材料豫芝98N09和对照品种豫芝4号分别高31.42%和20.19%,并具有最高的经济系数0.239;杂交品种在单株蒴果数、每蒴粒数、千粒重、单株产量表现优于常规栽培品种,皖芝12号产量为1570 kg/hm_²,显著高于亲本材料和对照品种,体现出较强的杂种优势。     

Molecular Markers and Candidate Genes for Thermo-Sensitive Genic Male Sterile in Rice

The discovery of thermo-sensitive genic male sterility(TGMS) has led to development of a simple and highly efficient two-line breeding system. In this study, genetic analysis was conducted using three F_2 populations derived from crosses between IR68301 S, an indica TGMS rice line, and IR14632(tropical japonica), Supanburi 91062(indica) and IR67966-188-2-2-1(tropical japonica), respectively.Approximately 1:3 ratio between sterile and normal pollen of F_2 plants from the three populations revealed that TGMS is controlled by a single recessive gene. Bulked segregant analysis using simple sequence repeat(SSR) and insertion-deletion(InDel) markers were used to identify markers linked to the tms gene. The linkage analysis based on the three populations indicated that the tms locus was located on chromosome 2 covering the same area. Using IR68301S × IR14632 F_2 population, the results showed that the tms locus was located between SSR marker RM12676 and InDel marker 2gAP0050058. The genetic distance from the tms gene to these two flanking markers were 1.10 and 0.82 cM, respectively.InDel marker 2gAP004045 located between these two markers showed complete co-segregation with the TGMS phenotype. In addition, InDel marker vf0206114052 showed 2.94 cM linked to the tms gene using F_2 populations of IR68301S × Supanburi 91062. These markers are useful tool for developing new TGMS lines by marker-assisted selection. There were ten genes located between the two flanking markers RM12676 and 2gAP0050058. Using quantitative real-time PCR for expression analysis, 7 of the 10 genes showed expression in panicles, and response to temperatures. These genes could be the candidate gene controlling TGMS in IR68301S.     

利用分子标记辅助选育油菜隐性上位互作核不育临保系

以湘油15、沪油15、优88和沪油17分别与临保系HYZ1-TAM杂交,在其F2利用与不育基因Bnms3和隐性上位基因Bnrf连锁的分子标记对临保系基因型单株进行筛选,并对筛选获得的单株进行测交验证确定是否为临保系基因型.结果表明:在4个品种的转育F2群体共355个单株中,利用分子标记辅助选择获得了62个标记基因型为临保系的单株,这些单株经测交证实有57株为真实临保系,分子标记辅助选择的准确率为91.94%.根据实验结果推测,本研究所用的4个甘蓝型油菜品种在Bnms4基因位点未出现显性可育等位基因.实验结果验证了分子标记辅助选择具有较高的准确率,对开展该不育系统的转育工作具有很好的借鉴意义.     

光敏核不育系1023S的特征特性其应用

1023S是以N95076S为母本、C418为父本杂交选择育成的水稻粳型光敏核不育系.为了充分了解其特征特性,采取分期播种试验和相关指标测试调查相结合的方法进行研究.结果表明,其育性稳定,花粉败育彻底,不肓株率与不育度均为100％;开花习性较好,柱头外露率高,繁殖制种产量高,配合力强,对条纹叶枯病抗性好.     

不同激素组合对番茄温敏核不育系及其杂交组合花药愈伤组织诱导效应

【目的】研究不同激素组合与不同材料基因型互作对番茄温敏核不育系及其杂交组合花药愈伤组织诱导的效应。【方法】以番茄温敏核不育系大107、地D4及其杂交组合大107x牛番茄、地D4x红昆仑为材料,进行不同激素组合（CPPU、TDZ、KT与2,4-D＋6-BA）诱导花药愈伤组织诱导试验。【结果】以MS＋1．0mg／L2,4-D＋0．5mg／L6-BA为基本诱导培养基,分别与不同浓度CPPU、TDZ或KT组合,对不同基因型番茄花药愈伤组织诱导具有明显促进效果,CPPU、TDZ和KT的适宜浓度分别为0．4—0．6、0．03和1．5mg／L。在相同激素条件下,番茄温敏核不育系的花药愈伤组织诱导效果明显优于其杂交组合,平均出愈率和平均愈伤组织直径大小均为：地D4〉大107〉地D4x红昆仑〉大107x牛番茄。【结论】不同基因型番茄花药对激素的敏感性不同;不同激素组合对番茄花药愈伤组织诱导的效应差异显著,以KT与2,4-D、6-BA配组对番茄温敏核不育系及其杂交组合花药愈伤组织的诱导具有显著调控作用。     

幼苗期带白化转绿叶色标记的水稻光温敏核不育系楠丰8S的选育

楠丰8S系温州市农业科学研究院用培矮64S干种子经剂量300Gy的60Coγ射线辐射后系统选育而成的幼苗期带白化转绿叶色标记的水稻光温敏核不育系.该不育系在分子标记OSR23、RM414位点可检测到与培矮64S的多态性;除保持培矮64S原有优良特性外,楠丰8S幼苗期第1～4叶边缘带白化转绿叶色标记,第5叶后转为正常,生长负效应小;配合力好;中抗稻瘟病,高感白叶枯病.2010年通过浙江省农作物品种审定委员会技术鉴定.     

太谷县苗木花卉产业发展现状及对策

通过对太谷县苗木花卉产业的现状进行分析,指出了产业现阶段发展中出现的突出问题;根据太谷县实际情况,提出苗木花卉产业向管理科学化、育苗良种化、苗木质量标准化和生产现代化方向迈进的健康持续发展的一些对策措施。     

A codominant SCAR marker linked to the genic male sterility gene (ms1) in chili pepper (Capsicum annuum)

As one of the genic male sterility (GMS) materials in chili pepper ( Capsicum annuum L.), GMS1 has been used for commercial F₁ hybrid seed production. The male sterility of GMS1 is controlled by a recessive nuclear gene, named ms ₁ . In this study, we developed DNA markers linked to the ms ₁ locus using a combination of bulked segregant analysis and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) in a segregating sibling population. From the screening of 1024 AFLP primer combinations, the AFLP marker E-AGC/M-GTG (514 bp) was identified as being linked to the ms ₁ locus at a distance of about 3 cM. Based on internal sequencing analysis of the E-AGC/M-GTG marker between male fertile and sterile plants, we identified three small deletions with a size of altogether 42 bp in the male-fertile plant and developed a codominant sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) marker. This SCAR marker may be valuable for marker-assisted breeding in the hybrid seed production system of chili pepper using the GMS1 line.