Elongation of the Uppermost Internode for Changxuan 3S,a Thermo- Sensitive Genic Male Sterile Rice Line

Changxuan 3S, a thermo-sensitive genic male sterile （TGMS） rice line with eui gene, is derived from the TGMS rice line Pei＇ai 64S by irradiation with 350 Gy of ^60Co γ-ray. To elucidate the uppermost internode elongation of the TGMS line with eui gene, Changxuan 3S and its parent Pei＇ai 64S were used to study the effects of temperature on panicle exsertion. At 24℃, the uppermost internode of Changxuan 3S elongated the fastest from the 4^th day before flowering to 0 day （flowering）, being 2.1-fold as that of Pei＇ai 64S, whereas it elongated slowly during the 12^th day to the 4^th day before flowering and the 1^st to the 3^rd day after flowering. The uppermost internode of Changxuan 3S exserted from the flag leaf sheath at 22℃, 24℃ and 26℃, and the length of elongated uppermost internode increased with the decreasing temperatures. At 28℃, though the panicles of Changxuan 3S were still enclosed in the leaf sheath, the degree of panicle enclosure was significantly lower compared with Pei＇ai 64S. Cytological studies on Changxuan 3S showed that the uppermost internode elongation was attributed to the increase of cell number and cell elongation, and the latter was more significant. Moreover, the numbers of outermost and innermost parenchyma cells and the cell length of the uppermost internode reduced with the increasing temperatures.     

Interaction between the eui gene and thermo-sensitive genic male sterility in rice

Panicle enclosure is a typical phenotype of almost all male-sterile rice lines. An elongated uppermost internode (eui) mutant exhibited notably rapid elongation of the uppermost internode at the heading stage; this is considered as a potential mechanism to eliminate panicle enclosure. We developed thermo-sensitive genic male-sterile (TGMS) eui mutants that were characterized by notably elongated uppermost internodes. The elongation of the uppermost internode in the TGMS eui mutant Changxuan 3S (CX) is mainly attributed to an increase in cell number and cell elongation, the latter being the more significant process. Temperature treatments revealed that the effects of temperature on panicle exsertion were similar to those on fertility and that the most temperature-sensitive stage coincides with the period from the formation of the pollen mother cell to meiosis during panicle initiation. These results indicate that elongation increases as temperature decreases and that the expression of the eui gene is more efficient at low temperatures than at high temperatures. In hybrid rice seed production using the TGMS eui mutant, the temperature range should be optimized at 24–28°C in order to preserve the development of completely male-sterile pollen and to eliminate panicle enclosure. Consequently, by using TGMS eui rice lines, gibberellin application can be avoided, thereby reducing the cost of hybrid seed production. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

甘蓝型油菜双低显性细胞核+细胞质雄性不育系DGCMS-3A的构建及遗传模式研究

 【目的】验证显性核不育两用系与波里马三系的基因型,明确Gd1AB和D3AB显性核不育的遗传模式,并构建显性细胞核+细胞质不育系统。【方法】通过显性核三系与波里马三系相互杂交验证其基因型,分析Mf和Rfc基因的等位性,采用临保系与显性纯合两用系×显性核不育恢复系F2代核不育株测交的方法,推论显性纯合两用系Gd1AB和D3AB的遗传控制模式。C3B为轮回父本与不育胞质的显性核不育株定向回交,以创建显性核不育+细胞质不育。【结果】鉴别了Gd1AB和D3AB的遗传控制模式,确定甘蓝型油菜显性纯合两用系Gd1AB由一对复等位遗传模式控制,而显性纯合两用系D3AB由两对基因互作控制。初步构建出双低显性杂合核不育+细胞质不育系统DGCMS-3A,并证实了选育显性纯合核不育+细胞质不育系的可行性。【结论】显性抑制基因Mf与波里马恢复基因Rfc不等位,Gd1AB的基因型为N（MsMsrfcrfc）×N（MsMfrfcrfc）),D3AB的基因型为N（MsMsmfmfrfcrfc）×N（MsMsMfmfrfcrfc）。显性核不育+细胞质不育可细分为四种遗传模式：双位点互作显性杂合核不育+细胞质不育[S（Msmsmfmfrfcrfc）+S（msmsmfmfrfcrfc）]、单位点复等位显性杂合核不育+细胞质不育[S（Msmfrfcrfc）+S（mfmfrfcrfc）]、双位点互作显性纯合核不育+细胞质不育[S（MsMsmfmfrfcrfc）+S（MsMsMfmfrfcrfc）]、单位点复等位显性纯合核不育+细胞质不育[S（MsMsrfcrfc）+S（MsMfrfcrfc）]。     

水稻温敏核不育系G156S披叶性状的遗传分析

用具有披叶性状的水稻温敏核不育系G156S与直立叶性状的恢复系杂交,对其F1代、F2代及B1F1代的观察和分析结果表明:披叶性状对直立叶性状为隐性遗传,受1对基因控制。     

几个不育系在杂交稻新组合选育中的利用评价

通过对汕头市农科所近10年在水稻不育系利用情况的分析发现,利用特A组配育成的新组合杂种优势主要来自于千粒重的提高,利用博A组配育成的新组合杂种优势主要来自于单科穗数的增加,而利用优Ⅰ A组配育成的新组合杂种优势主要来自于单科穗数的增加和千粒重的提高.同时,对几个常用不育系在杂交稻新组合选育利用情况进行了分析,为不同类型杂交稻新组合选育提供了科学参考.     

新型甘蓝型油菜核不育材料绵7AB-4-2农艺性状鉴定及分子检测

四川省绵阳市农科所1991年用甘蓝型油菜双高隐性核不育系绵1AB-1作母本,品872—161—134作父本进行转育,F2代出现不育株进行成对兄妹交,经多代选择,培育出隐性核不育系绵7AB-4（双低）。以其不育系的不育性状为选择目标,从中分离纯化出2个农艺性状无明显差异、育性不同的株系,分别定为绵7AB-4-1和绵7AB-4-2,前者兄妹交和可育株自交的不育率分别为50％和25％,后者分别达到80％和60％。笔者对新材料绵7AB-4-2与其姊妹系绵7AB-4—1的农艺性状和SSR引物多态性进行研究,为其进行分子标记、克隆及进一步利用奠定基础。     

两系杂交籼稻配合力分析

以5个新育成的籼型水稻光温敏核不育系和生产上广泛应用的不育系培矮64S为母本,6个新育成的恢复系为父本,采用NCⅡ设计配制36个组合,分别在海南和湖北进行试验(完全随机区组设计,3次重复）,考查单株产量等10个主要农艺性状,分析配合力。大多数性状的一般配合力和特殊配合力方差达到显著或极显著水平,各性状的一般配合力方差均大于特殊配合力方差,表明基因的加性作用大于非加性作用。5个新育成的不育系产量的一般配合力效应没有显著差异,但都显著高于对照不育系培矮64S;华885S的产量一般配合力效应最高,特殊配合力方差较大,是参试不育系中产量配合力最好的亲本;华893S的每穗总粒数和每穗实粒数的一般配合力效应最高,特殊配合力方差最大,是提高每穗粒数的优良亲本;播始历期以华328S表现最好,以华328S作母本可以选育到生育期变化较大的组合,既可以培育中籼型组合,也可以培育晚籼型组合;株高一般配合力以华884S的负效应最高,特殊配合力方差显著大于组合平均值,表明用华884S作母本,容易选育出植株较矮、抗倒性较强的组合。恢复系中,华恢2185的产量一般配合力效应表现最高,特殊配合力方差最大,千粒重、穗长、结实率和播始历期的一般配合力效应均排在参试恢复系首位,是一个理想的亲本;株高、每穗总粒数和着粒密度的配合力,以华1108表现最好。特殊配合力效应最大的前10个组合和单株产量最高的前10个组合顺序完全对应,表明在水稻杂种优势利用中,亲本之一有良好的一般配合力效应,另一个亲本或双方都具有良好的特殊配合力,就有可能育成强优势组合。     

棉花核雄性不育系的培育与利用研究进展

为促进棉花核雄性不育杂交种在在生产上大面积应用,对棉花核雄性不育系的类型、培育与利用、杂交种生产方法等进行了综述。介绍17种棉花核雄性不育系的基因类型及其不育性遗传,通过采用自然突变体的选择、人工诱变、人工转育和改良、生物技术创造等方法培育核雄性不育系,应用于棉花育种研究,中国选育出利用ms14和ms5ms6的核雄性不育杂交种28个,杂交制种技术方法和标记不育系的研究进展为高效简化的杂交制种技术提供支撑。分析指出棉花核雄性不育系的应用前景较好,提出核雄性不育杂交种扩大应用的技术关键是要在标记不育系的研究和创造方面取得突破,在当前核不育杂交种制种中采取不拔除可育株、标记后人工辅助去雄可节约制种用工而不降低制种产量。     

小麦温光敏雄性核不育系K78S在云南的生态适应性研究

自1992年我国育成C49S和ES系列小麦温光敏雄性核不育系以来,温光敏两系法杂交小麦即成为我国小麦杂种优势研究与利用的主要途径之一。利用C49S-87组配的云杂3号（C49S-87/98YR5）2002年首先在云南通过审定并投入生产应用,2001年育成了改良的第二代温光敏雄性核不育系K78S,以其组配的云杂5号于2004年通过审定,云杂6号正进     

隐性长穗颈光温敏核不育水稻花粉育性与抽穗性状的相关性研究

雄性不育水稻包颈是影响杂交种子生产的重要因素。隐性长穗颈（eui）基因具有减轻或完全解除雄性不育水稻包颈的作用。但不同播期的具隐性长穗颈基因的光温敏核不育水稻包颈程度变化较大,为了揭示影响这类不育系包颈程度变化的原因,本文以隐性长穗颈光温敏核不育水稻为材料,分析了花粉育性与穗颈节伸出剑叶叶鞘长度的关系