籼型耐高温三系不育系巨风2A的选育

以优质常规材料9526为母本,宜陵1B为父本杂交,优选后代与宜陵1A回交而育成的早熟中籼型三系不育系巨风2A,具有耐高温、高异交率、高配合力,所配杂交稻熟色好等优点,应用前景广泛。2014年8月通过了湖北省农作物品种审定委员会的现场鉴定,2015年通过了湖北省审定。     

生态核不育大麦花粉的扫描电镜观察

对生态核不育大麦不育株和可育株的成熟花粉以及对照品种８９０９和鄂啤２号的成熟花粉进行了扫描电镜观察，发现生态核不育大麦不育株和可育株均含有空秕状和圆形、饱满两类花粉；两对照品种的花粉为圆形、饱满类型。生态核不育大麦可育株的圆形花粉与对照品种花粉一样，其萌发孔有明显突出的孔盖；而生态核不育大麦不育株的圆形花粉则无孔盖。因此，可认为萌发孔孔盖的有无是生态核不育大麦可育与不育花粉的典型鉴别特征。     

粳型光敏核不育系与常规粳稻杂交后代育性的遗传分析

在分析粳型光敏核不育系与粳稻品种杂交组合F_3及以后世代部分株系的育性和基因型的基础上,对分离世代各种主基因型的育性及频率分布进行了估计,验证了根据F_1、F_2和BF_1代作出的水稻光敏核不育性及其育性恢复的遗传涉及核内2对独立的主基因的遗传结论。由F_6以上高世代株系中测选出对农垦58s恢复效应有明显差异的两种纯合单显性可育株系,获得了存在两个不同恢复基因的遗传证据。     

甘蓝型油菜波里马细胞质雄性不育与隐性细胞核雄性不育的遗传比较

甘蓝型油菜波里马细胞质雄性不育与隐性细胞核雄性不育受２套完全不同的基因系统控制。所被研究的波里马细胞质雄性不育的保持系和恢复系均带有隐性细胞核雄性不育的２对主效恢复基因Ｍｓ１和Ｍｓ２。２个隐性细胞核雄性不育系均是波里马细胞质雄性不育的保持系，不带有主效恢复基因Ｒｆｃ，但带有一定数目的温度敏感基因Ｔｓ。Ｍｓ１或Ｍｓ２与Ｒｆｃ是独立遗传的     

Ta1小麦不同轮选世代不育株的HMW-GS组成与分析

为了给Ta1小麦轮选育种提供一定的参考．利用SDS—PAGE方法对Ta1小麦轮选群体C2、C5世代不育株及亲本的HMW—GS组成与变异进行分析。结果表明；（1）C2世代不育株的HMW-GS变异十分广泛。变异系数高速94．2％。31种亚基组合中“1，7＋8，2＋12”出现频率最高。Glu—B1位点亚基变异最丰富，有15种类型，而且产生了7、22、13＋16等亲本中不存在的亚基；Glu—D1位点优质亚基5＋10仅占18．0％，2＋12亚基仍占明显优势。（2）C5世代不育株的HMW—GS变异较亲本广泛，29种亚基组合中．杂合的“1，7＋8／14＋15，5＋10”出现频率最高（12．7％），其余皆小于7．0％；Glu—B1位点变异类型仅有9种，且多为杂合。C5世代优质亚基5＋10、14＋15出现频率提高至40．0％和32．0％，但变异系数降为80．7％，表明轮选效果明显，但C5世代群体的遗传异质性较C2世代呈下降趋势。     

萍乡显性核不育水稻临界温度值及其温度敏感期的研究

利用人工气候箱研究了萍乡显性核不育水稻临界温度值及其温度敏感期。试验结果表明高温诱导萍乡显性核不育水稻纯合不育株和杂合不育株育性转换的临界值均为27℃～ 28℃, 说明高温诱导萍乡显性核不育水稻育性转换不存在显性不育基因的剂量效应; 萍乡显性核不育水稻育性转换温度敏感期在花粉母细胞形成期至减数分裂期, 即抽穗前18～ 12 d;同时, 讨论了该不育材料的实际应用问题。     

水稻光温敏核不育系培矮64S低温下育性表达规律研究

藉人工气候室的人控光温条件 ,对两系杂交水稻不育系培矮 64S在 2 2 .0～ 2 3 .0℃的低温下的育性表达规律进行了连续 2年的跟踪研究。主要结果如下 :1) 2 3 .0℃的低温仅能导致培矮 64S花粉不育度的明显降低 ,而 2 2 .5℃和 2 2 .0℃的低温则不仅能导致花粉不育度的下降 ,而且还能诱导一定程度的自交结实 ;2 )培矮 64S的育性温度敏感终止期为幼穗分化第 6期 (花粉母细胞减数分裂期 ) ,育性温度最敏感期为幼穗分化第 4～ 5期 (雌雄蕊形成期至花粉母细胞形成期 ) ;3 )培矮 64S具有光敏性 ,其临界光长处于 13 5 0～ 13 .3 8h之间 ,光敏温度范围为 2 3～ 2 8℃ ;4 )对于农艺性状已经稳定的高世代培矮 64S而言 ,其控制育性表达的遗传基础尚不纯 ,表现在来源相同的不同株系间或同一株系内不同单株间在低温下育性表达存在显著的差异 ,且低温强度加大 ,这种差异就更为明显     

雄性不育及育性恢复基因表达载体的构建

将拟南芥花药特异表达启动子A6与核酸酶基因融合构建不育基因,与核酸酶Bamase特异抑制剂Barstar基因融合构建育性恢复基因,再分别与抗除草剂溴苯睛基因表达盒bxn串联,形成紧密连锁,分别构建植物雄性不育和育性恢复基因表达载体pwP一AN及pwp一AS,以抗澳苯睛基因作为转化和繁殖、制种过程的筛选标记。     

Introgression of Gene for Non-Pollen Type Thermo-Sensitive Genic Male Sterility to Thai Rice Cultivars

For the two-line hybrid rice system, pol en sterility is regulated by recessive gene that responds to temperature. The recessive gene controlling thermo-sensitive genetic male sterility （TGMS） is expressed when the plants are grown in conditions with higher or lower critical temperatures. To transfer tgms gene（s） control ing TGMS to Thai rice cultivars by backcross breeding method, a male sterile line was used as a donor parent while Thai rice cultivars ChaiNat 1, PathumThani 1, and SuphanBuri 1 were used as recurrent parents. The BC2F2 lines were developed from backcrossing and selfing. Moreover, the simple sequence repeat （SSR） markers were developed for identifying tgms gene and the linked marker was used for assisting selection in backcrossing. The identification lines were confirmed by pol en observation. The results showed the success of introgression of the tgms gene into Thai rice cultivars. These lines will be tested for combining ability and used as female parent in hybrid rice production in Thailand.     

Assessment of EST- and genomic microsatellite markers for variety discrimination and genetic diversity studies in wheat

It is likely that in the near future sequence information from sequencing programmes and EST libraries will generate an abundance of genic microsatellite markers. This study is focused on the assessment of their likely impact and performance vis-à-vis their genomic counterparts. Microsatellites from two sources were used to assess the genetic diversity in 56 old and new varieties of bread wheat on the UK Recommended List. A set of 12 microsatellite markers generated from genomic libraries and 20 expressed sequence tag (EST)-derived microsatellites were used in the study, and the performance of both marker sets assessed. The EST-derived or genic microsatellites delivered fingerprints of superior quality, amplifying clear products with few stutter bands. Diversity levels as revealed bygenic microsatellites are similar to the few published results. The PIC values for the genic markers were generally lower than those calculated for the genomic microsatellites, though advantages of both marker classes for variety identification applications are discussed. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.