水稻籼粳亚种间杂种配子体败育及其与小穗不孕关系的研究

利用携有和不携有广亲和基因的两种籼粳亚种间杂交为材料,观察其孢子体和配子体的发生过程,明确杂种雌雄配子体败育的特征,结果显示：花粉和胚囊的败育均与小孢子和大孢子第一次有丝分裂异常有关,前者表现为小孢子间有丝会裂不同步,导致部分花粉不能正常成熟和败育,后者表现为大孢子有丝分裂异常（包括一些大孢子有丝分裂的延迟）在成熟的胚珠中不能形成胚囊,利用整体染色技术直接决定了杂种胚囊的育性,不同于携有广亲和基因     

水稻优良恢复系明恢63两个恢复基因恢复力的单独评价

野败型细胞质雄性不育系统是选配杂交稻组合广泛应用的主要不育细胞质资源，野败型细胞质雄性不育的育性恢复能力由两个恢复基因控制。以前的研究表明，明恢63具有2个恢复基因Rf3和Rf(μ)，分别位于第1和第10染色体上。为了分别准确估计这两个恢复基因的遗传效应，根据分子标记基因型，从珍汕97／明恢63衍生的241个F9重组自交系群体中选择两个自交系R124和R1183，它们分别含有单个恢复基因Rf3和Rf(M)，将R124和R1183与珍汕97A杂交，分别得到F1A和F1B，再自交得到F2A和F2B。在武汉和海南分别考察F1的育性，F1A的自然结实率海南和武汉分别为53．4％和60．2％，F1B的自然结实率海南和武汉分别为70．5％和75．7％。而珍汕97A／明恢63的杂种汕优63结实率为81．4％。F2A和F2B群体育性分离均符合1个主基因1：3的孟德尔期望分离比，表明，R124和R1183分别只含有一个恢复基因Rf3和Rf(M)。Rf(M)的效应较大，恢复力强，它单独几乎可以使育性恢复正常。利用标记辅助选择方法，转移两个恢复基因可以快速选育优良恢复系。     

WMSN图像节点低内存小波变换方法研究

基于Le Gall 5/3滤波器提出了一种逐行小波变换方法,处理器从图像节点SD卡逐行读出图像信息,完成多级变换后将变换结果行写入SD卡。该方法 SRAM内存需求低,且仅涉及定点整数乘法、加法及移位操作。应用所提方法对一幅256像素×256像素仔猪灰度图像进行小波变换实验,结果表明,该方法以合理的定点运算代价换取了3.968 KB的SRAM开销以及8.718 s的时间开销。为基于小波变换的WMSN节点图像压缩奠定了基础,使农业生产图像在低带宽WMSN上高效传输成为可能。     

不同干燥方法对杜仲雄花茶品质的影响

以感官评价和功能性成分含量检测相结合,研究了微波工艺与传统炒制、热风干燥方法对杜仲雄花茶品质的影响.结果表明,微波干燥方法效率高,可最大程度地保持杜仲雄花中的功能性成分,干燥的杜仲雄花茶的感官品质佳,可作为生产杜仲雄花茶的首选方法;热风干燥方法也可保持杜仲雄花中的功能性成分,干燥的杜仲雄花茶感官品质较佳,但效率较低,可作为生产杜仲雄花茶的可选方法;传统制茶工艺中的炒制干燥方法对杜仲雄花茶中的功能性成分破坏较大、感官品质差、操作不易控制,不适宜于杜仲雄花茶的干燥.     

Mycorrhizal influence on storage metabolites and mineral nutrition in seed propagated potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) plant

Abstract

Potato (Solanum tuberosum) showed a well-established mutualistic association with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. In the present study, earthen pots containing autoclaved soil were taken in which surface sterilized potato seeds were sown. The seed sowed earthen pots were inoculated by sterilized spores of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi along with sterilized inoculated maize-root fragments, while the rest half of the seed filled pots, without any inoculation depicting control but were provided with non-inoculated maize root fragments. The inoculation was performed twice; first inoculation was done 3 days prior to sowing of potato seeds and second at the time of seedling emergence. Sampling of the inoculated as well as of control plants was performed at 20-day intervals till 80?days after tuber initiation. An increment in the level of metabolites as well as mineral nutrient was found in mycorrhizal inoculated potato tubers in contrast to non-inoculated. Our work demonstrates that inoculation has a great potential in enriching storage metabolites and nutrients in potato plant in low yielding soils.     

黄土高原降雨量空间插值精度比较——KRIGING与TPS法

 黄土高原地域广阔,降雨量时空分布复杂多变,插值方法将影响降雨量的时空变化特征分析,进而影响水文及土壤侵蚀模拟效果。采用黄土高原河龙区间及毗邻地区50余个气象站点20年(1981—2000年)的降雨量数据,分别利用KRIGING（克里金）和TPS（薄板光滑样条）方法对多年平均、年和月降雨量进行插值,对研究区内27个站点进行交叉验证,比较和分析其插值精度变化特征。结果表明：1）无论多年平均,还是年和月尺度,KRIGING与TPS方法降雨量插值结果都能正确反映河龙区间降雨量的空间变化趋势,2种方法交叉验证平均一致性指标（A）绝对值相差均在±0.01范围内,2种方法面平均插值精度均没有显著性差异。2）不同时间尺度的插值精度,KRIGING与TPS 2种插值方法的交叉验证平均一致性指标（A）均表现出多年均值优于4月约14%,优于年值约19%,优于7月约35%。     

Abundance and conservation status of the Yangtze finless porpoise in the Yangtze River, China

The Yangtze finless porpoise (Neophocaena phocaenoides asiaeorientalis) is endemic to the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, China. It is the only freshwater population of porpoises in the world and is currently listed as Endangered by IUCN. In November and December 2006 we used two boats and line transect methods to survey the entire current range of the population, except for two lakes (Poyang and Dongting). Sighting results were similar for both boats, so we pooled all data and analyzed them using two line transect models and a strip transect model. All models produced similar estimates of abundance (1111, 1225 and 1000). We then added independent estimates of the number of porpoises from the two lakes for a total estimate of approximately 1800 porpoises. Our findings indicate that the population continues to decline and that its distribution is becoming more fragmented. Our current estimate in the main river is slightly less than half the estimate from surveys between 1984 and 1991 (which was probably an underestimate). We also found an apparent gap in the distribution of porpoises between Yueyang and Shishou (∼150 km), where sightings had previously been common. Continued threats to Yangtze finless porpoises include bycatch in unregulated and unselective fishing, habitat degradation through dredging, pollution and noise, vessel strikes and water development. Immediate protective measures are urgently needed to ensure the persistence of finless porpoises in the Yangtze River. The survey design and analytical methods developed in this study might be appropriate for surveys of cetaceans in other river systems.     

Interactions between drought stress and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza on the growth of Faidherbia albida (syn. Acacia albida) and Acacia nilotica in sterile and non-sterile soils

Summary Faidherbia albida (syn. Acacia albida) (Del.) A. Chev. and Acacia nilotica (L.) Willd. were grown for 18 weeks in sterile and non-sterile soils inoculated with Glomus clarum (Nicolson and Schenck). During this period, drought stress was imposed for the last 10 (F. albida) or 12 weeks (A. nilotica) at 2-week intervals. A greater number of leaves abscissed in drought-stressed mycorrhizal plants of A. nilotica than drought-stressed non-mycorrhizal and unstressed plants. In F. albida, the number of abscissed leaves was few and similar for all treatments. At the end of the drought stress, inoculation with vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi in sterile soil increased the plant biomass of the two tree species compared to the control plants. In non-sterile soil, the mycorrhizal growth response of introduced G. clarum equalled the effect of indigenous VAM fungi. There were significant interactions between the mycorrhizal and drought stress treatments and between the mycorrhizal and soil treatments for plant biomass and P uptake in F. albida. The absence of these interactions except for that between the mycorrhizal and soil treatments in A. nilotica indicates that the increased plant biomass and nutrient uptake cannot be attributed directly to a mycorrhizal contribution to drought tolerance. F. albida tolerated the drought stress by producing long tap roots and similar weights of dry matter in shoots and roots. Whereas A. nilotica tolerated the drought stress by developing larger root systems able to explore a greater volume of soil, in addition to leaf abscission, for a favourable internal water status. The introduction of G. clarum increased nodulation by A. nilotica under unstressed conditions, but at the expense of a reduced P uptake in sterile soil.     

Tal小麦细胞质对杂种F2主要农艺性状的遗传效应

利用回交方法，探讨了Ｔａｌ小麦细胞质对Ｆ２株高，穗长，穗粒数，千粒重等主要农艺性状的遗传效应。结果表明，Ｔａｌ小麦细胞质对其Ｆ２坟要农艺性状无不良的遗传效应，对粒色的遗传亦无影响。与普通小麦细胞质相比在遗传上基本上是同质的。     

部分高粱转换系与不同高粱细胞质的育性反应

利用部分高粱转换系与具相同核背景不同细胞质的高粱不育系杂交,调查F_1代植株花粉育性和主要农艺性状,结果表明4种细胞质之间育性反应存在着明显的差异,A_1与A_2型细胞质之间差异较小;A_1、A_2与A_3、A_4型之间差异较大。A_1和A_2型细胞质与部分高粱转换系杂交F_1代的自交结实率之间的相关达极显著水准。A_2、A_3型细胞质对F_1代主要农艺性状的影响与A_1型对这些性状的影响无显著差异。A_2型细胞质可以在高粱杂交种生产中加以利用。A_3型细胞质与前两种细胞质的育性反应截然不同。找到了A_3型细胞质的恢复源和能同时恢复A_1、A_2、A_3型细胞质的材料。初步确定了能够鉴定高粱4种不同细胞质的鉴定系。通过对同核异质,异核同质育性反应的研究,表明4种细胞质完全不同,细胞质对育性反应起着决定性的作用,育性反应不因核背景的改变而发生显著变化,不同细胞质育性恢复机制不同。