响应面法优化辣椒碱β-环糊精包合物制备工艺

利用饱和水溶液法制备辣椒碱β-环糊精包合物,以包合率和包合物产率为评价指标,通过对包合温度、包合时间及配料比的考察,以响应面法优选最佳工艺条件。结果表明,辣椒碱β-环糊精包合物的最佳包合条件为包合温度50℃,包合时间为3 h,配料比为1∶1(摩尔比),此时包合物平均产率为53.97%,平均包合率为52.51%。采用响应面法可优化辣椒碱β-环糊精包合物的制备工艺,为辣椒碱药物制剂的研发提供借鉴。     

花椒根腐病的成因分析

本文通过设立标准地定点调查，应用通径分析，揭示了影响花椒根腐病发生的 因素间的相互关系，其主导因素为土壤中病原菌的群体数量，并利用回归分析 建立了发病椒园花椒产量的预测模型。     

Effects of puerarin on apelin-12, angiotensin II,NO and blood pressure in renovascular hypertensive rat

AIM: To investigate the effects of puerarin on blood pressure in renovascular hypertensive rats, and to measure puerarin-induced changes of apelin-12, angiotensin II (Ang II) and nitric oxide(NO), the factors related to development of hypertension. METHODS: Sixty-five male Sprague-Dawley rats were used, of which 8 rats were randomly selected as sham operation group, and the remaining were used to make two-kidney, one-clip model. The rats that met the criterion for Goldblatt hypertensive rat model were randomly allocated into 5 groups: high-, middle- and low-dose puerarin groups, captopril group, and model group. The drugs were administered for 6 weeks. Blood pressure was measured every 2 weeks. Six weeks after treatment, all rats were sacrificed under deep anesthesia. Blood and kidney samples were collected. The level of apelin-12 in serum and kidneys was detected by ELISA. The level of Ang II in plasma and kidneys was measured by radioimmunoassay. NO level in serum was examined by nitrate reductase assay. RESULTS: Puerarin had an antihypertensive effect in a dose-dependent manner. Marked decreases in the level of serum apelin-12 in high- and middle-dose puerarin groups were observed(P<0.01). Puerarin at low dose did not cause obvious change in the content of apelin but still reached significant level (P<0.05). As the dose of puerarin went up, the level of apelin-12 in the kidneys was gradually decreased. Puerarin at high and middle doses obviously reduced the level of AngII in plasma, while purarin at low dose did not produce any significant effects. Puerarin at high and middle doses markedly increased the level of NO in serum, but puerarin at low dose did not induce any significant changes. CONCLUSION: Puerarin has an antihypertensive effect, and its mechanism may be related to inducing the changes of apelin, Ang II and NO, and regulating the balance among those factors.     

棉花早熟芽黄突变体叶绿素荧光动力学特性研究

以中棉所58及其航天诱变芽黄突变体为研究对象,利用快速叶绿素荧光诱导动力学测定和JIP-test数据分析方法,研究了晴天条件下野生型(Wild type,WT)和突变体5个叶位叶片(倒1叶至倒5叶)的原初光化学反应的变化.结果表明,突变体倒2叶最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)最低,至倒5叶时恢复正常.突变体叶片较高的K点的...     

猴头菌不同生长发育期粗蛋白、粗多糖含量及水溶性粗多糖体外免疫活性

测定猴头菌(Hericium erinaceus)华中猴头菌株不同生长发育期子实体中的粗蛋白、粗多糖和水溶性粗多糖中β-葡聚糖含量,并研究不同生长发育期子实体粗多糖体外刺激巨噬细胞产生NO的活性变化规律.结果表明,供试菌株不同生长发育期子实体的粗蛋白、粗多糖和β-葡聚糖含量以及粗多糖体外刺激巨噬细胞产生NO的活性均存在显著或极显著差异,随着生长发育的进行,猴头菌子实体中粗蛋白含量总体上呈下降的趋势(小菌剌期比前一时期有所增加),而多糖含量则总体呈上升趋势(小菌刺期比后一时期高),β-葡聚糖含量呈先快速上升后平稳的趋势;分裂期粗多糖在浓度500 μg/mL时对RAW264.7释放NO的促进作用较强.     

The origin of carbonates in termite mounds of the Lubumbashi area, D.R. Congo

The origin of carbonate accumulations in termite mounds is a controversial issue. This study is an attempt to elucidate the processes of carbonate precipitation in Macrotermes mounds built on Ferralsols in Upper Katanga, D.R. Congo, whereby a differentiation between pedogenic and inherited carbonates is considered. Carbonate features were investigated for a 9 m deep termite-mound profile, and for an 18 m wide cross-section through a termite mound and the adjacent soil, using field and laboratory techniques. Field evidence for a pedogenic origin includes morphological type (soft powdery materials, nodules, and coatings on ped surfaces) and distribution patterns of the carbonates. Thin-section studies reveal that the carbonates occur predominantly as impregnative orthic nodules and less commonly as coatings, both clearly pedogenic; calcareous pellets are interpreted as locally reworked pedogenic carbonates. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM-EDS) and stable isotope (δ¹³C) analyses show that all isolated carbonate features consist of high-Mg calcite (4.9-12.3 mol% MgCO₃) with δ¹³C signatures ranging from − 13.2‰ to − 11.5‰. Weddellite (CaC₂O₄. 2H₂O) is identified in a thin-section and by XRD analysis, and appears to be locally transformed into calcite. The stable isotope composition of carbon suggests that calcite precipitated in equilibrium with soil CO₂ generated during decomposition of soil organic matter, and locally most likely during oxidation of oxalate. This study proves that carbonates which accumulated in Macrotermes mounds are pedogenic precipitates, whose deposition is partly related to microbial decay of organic matter, subsequently redistributed to some extent by abiotic dissolution-reprecipitation and termite activity.     

Two- and three-domain bacterial laccase-like genes are present in drained peat soils

Laccases of fungal origin have been intensively studied due to their importance in various biotechnological applications. There is a constant demand for new laccases with improved properties such as stability at higher temperatures or at an alkaline pH. Growing molecular evidence suggests that laccases may also be widespread in bacteria. While only a handful of bacterial laccases have been purified and characterized, several novel traits have already been discovered (e.g. pH-stability and 2-domain organization of the enzyme as opposed to the usual 3-domain structure of fungal laccases). The aim of this study was to examine the diversity of bacterial laccase-like genes in two types of high-organic peat soil using a cloning and sequencing approach. Gene libraries prepared of small fragments (150 base pairs) revealed an amazing diversity of bacterial laccases. The fragments clustered in 11 major lineages, and one third of the 241 sequences resembled laccase-like genes of Acidobacteria. Additionally, a new primer was used to retrieve several larger fragments of the putative bacterial laccase genes that spanned all four copper-binding sites. Both “conventional” 3-domain laccases and the recently described 2-domain small laccases have been obtained using this approach, demonstrating the potential of the primer. The present study thus contributes to the understanding of the diversity of bacterial laccases and provides a new tool for finding laccase-like sequences in bacterial strains and soil samples.     

不同浓度雌二醇对猪卵母细胞体外成熟和孤雌激活胚胎的影响

为了探讨雌二醇（17β-estrodiol,E2）对猪卵母细胞体外成熟及孤雌激活后胚胎早期发育的影响,在卵母细胞体外成熟培养基中添加不同浓度雌二醇,研究卵裂率和囊胚率的变化。以未添加雌二醇的基础液为对照组,比较分析各组卵母细胞核成熟效率、孤雌激活后胚胎的卵裂率、囊胚发育率。结果表明,成熟液中添加1μg／mL雌二醇（E2）对猪卵母细胞的体外成熟具有明显的促进作用,而添加100μg／mL雌二醇（E2）对猪卵母细胞体外成熟具有明显的抑制作用。     

17β-雌二醇对AC细胞活性、细胞周期和超微结构的影响

通过免疫荧光获得雌激素α、β受体在体外星形胶质细胞（Acrocyte,AC）中表达的形态学证据;CCK-8法获得脂多糖（Lipopolysaccharide,LPS）激发AC的适宜浓度。在此基础上,研究了17β-雌二醇（17β-estradiol,E2）对AC的细胞活性、细胞周期和超微结构的影响。结果显示：E2作用AC 48h,10nmol/L E2可提高AC细胞活性和G2＋S%（P〈0.05）,而100,1 000nmol/L E2可降低AC细胞活性（P〈0.05）,100nmol/L E2还可降低G2＋S%（P〈0.05）;100nmol/L E2作用AC 24,48,72h,均可降低AC细胞活性和G2＋S%,以作用48h时抑制作用最强（P〈0.05）;10nmol/L E2可引起AC线粒体数量增加,细胞核分裂增多,但线粒体、粗面内质网结构正常,而100nmol/L E2可导致AC线粒体肿胀或空泡化,粗面内质网扩张或断裂。结果表明,低浓度（10nmol/L）E2促进AC增殖;高浓度（100,1 000nmol/L）E2抑制AC增殖。     

植物乳酸菌发酵对大豆球蛋白和β-伴大豆球蛋白免疫活性及水解度的影响

本试验通过植物乳酸菌对豆粉进行液态发酵,在发酵24,36,48,60,72 h时采集发酵样品进行水解度和免疫活性的检测,结果表明:(1)48 h为植物乳酸菌发酵豆粉的最佳时间,可去除71.08%的β-伴大豆球蛋白和64.22%的大豆球蛋白的免疫活性(P＜0.01),对β-伴大豆球蛋白的去除程度显著高于大豆球蛋白(P＜0...