Ultrastructural studies on the pancreatic acini in duck (Anas boscas) and pigeon (Columba livia)

The aim of this research work was to study the histological structure of the pancreatic acini by transmission electron microscope in two avian species, duck and pigeon. The specimens were collected and processed for electron microscopic study. The results showed that the acini of the two avian species were two types; the first one was an electron dense and the second one an electron lucent. The light acinar cells were larger in size than the dark cells. These cells contained centrally located ovoid nuclei with prominent nucleoli and abundant euchromatin. The cytoplasm was electron lucent, with many rough endoplasmic reticulum, polymorphic mitochondria. Numerous zymogen granules were distributed in the basal part and around the nucleus, so these cells considered active cells. The dark acinar cells were characterized by an electron dense cytoplasm. The most prominent cell organelle in these cells were the zymogen granules that appeared in different sizes while other organelles as mitochondria, and rough endoplasmic reticulum were inconspicuous or few, so these cells were considered as inactive cells. The nucleus with indented nuclear membrane located centrally with prominent nucleoli and abundant heterochromatin. Prominent intercellular spaces between the individual acinar cells, as well as well-developed basement membrane separating the electron dense cells and the lumen contained the secretion between acinar cells. It could be concluded that the acinar cells in ducks and pigeons were divided into two types, that is, light and dark acinar cells which mainly attributed to the activity of these cells.     

草莓镶脉病毒粒子提取及电镜观察

从受感染的草莓(Fragaria sp)植株中提取了草莓镶脉病毒(Strawberry vein banding virus,SVBV)粒子并对其进行了电镜观察.用CTAB法从草莓叶片中提取总核酸,设计SVBV外壳蛋白基因特异性引物,利用PCR方法对杭州地区的草莓镶脉病毒感染情况进行检测.检测结果表明,在杭州地区大田种植的草莓中存在SVBV感染现象.从4株受感染草莓植株中分离克隆了SVBV的CP基因片段并测序;序列比较分析发现它们与已报道的美国SVBV分离物的CP基因(序列号NC_001725)核苷酸同源性为91％.利用差速离心法从上述草莓植株的叶片中提纯SVBV病毒,在透射电镜下观察到SVBV病毒粒子呈球形,直径约为40～55 nm.     

Effects of Exogenous Glycinebetaine on Growth and Ultrastructure of Salt-Stressed Rice Seedlings (Oryza sativa L.)

Abstract

The effects of exogenously applied glycinebetaine on the salt-stress-induced inhibition of growth and ultrastructural damages in rice seedlings were investigated. Glycinebetaine was not effective in alleviating the NaCl-induced inhibition of root growth and rather enhanced the NaCl-induced inhibition. However, it was found to alleviate the inhibition of shoot growth induced by NaCl stress. Concentrations of Na were higher in salt-stressed plants than in unstressed plants. Stressed plants receiving glycinebetaine had a significantly lower Na and higher K concentrations in the shoots than the plants grown without application of glycinebetaine. Salinity induced ultrastructural damages in leaf such as swelling of thylakoids, disintegration of grana stacking and intergranal lamellae and destruction of mitochondria (deficiency of cristae, swelling and vacuolation). Such damages were largely prevented by pretreatment with glycinebetaine resulting in greening of the plants. In roots, the epidermis, cortex and root cap were more sensitive to salt stress than the meristem and stele. The most frequently observed ultrastructural alteration due to NaCl salinity was the formation of many large vacuoles in the root tip and root cap cells. The number of mitochondria was increased and they were aggregated in the cytoplasm of the root tip and root cap cells by treatment with NaCl or NaCl plus glycinebetaine. Glycinebetaine could not prevent the NaCl-induced ultrastructural damages in root cells. The effects of glycinebetaine to mitigate the ultrastructural damages in the chloroplast and mitochondria induced by NaCl might be due to the production of many vacuoles in root cells which may act to store Na and decrease its accumulation in the shoot.     

Activities of essential oils from Asarum heterotropoides var. mandshuricum against five phytopathogens

Some secondary metabolites of plants function as antimicrobial products against phytopathogens and constitute an increasingly important class of pesticides. In the present study, the essential oil of Asarum heterotropoides var. mandshuricum was analyzed by GC/MS and its antimicrobial activity was evaluated against five phytopathogenic fungi. Major components of the oil were methyleugenol (59.42%), eucarvone (24.10%), 5-allyl-1,2,3-trimethoxybenzene (5.72%), and 3,7,7-trimethylbicyclo(4.1.0)hept-3-ene (4.93%). The essential oil and the most abundant component, methyleugenol, were separately assayed for inhibition of 5 pathogens: Alternaria humicola, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Rhizoctonia solani, Phytophthora cactorum and Fusarium solani. Both the oil and methyleugenol strongly inhibited the growth of the test pathogens (IC₅₀ values <0.42 μg ml⁻¹) except F. solani, with the best activity against P. cactorum (IC₅₀ values = 0.073 and 0.052 μg ml⁻¹, respectively). It is concluded that the essential oil of A. heterotropoides var. mandshuricum has a broad antiphytopathogenic spectrum, and that methyleugenol is largely responsible for the bioactivity of the oil. The mode of action of methyleugenol against P. cactorum is discussed based on changes in the mycelial ultrastructure.     

Growth and enzymatic activity of maize (Zea mays L.) plant: Solution culture test for copper dioxide nano particles

Copper (Cu) is an essential micronutrient for plants, which acts either as the metal component of enzymes or as a functional structural or a regulatory co-factor of a large number of enzymes. To understand the possible benefits of applying nanotechnology to agriculture, the first step should be to analyze penetration and transport of nano-particles in plants. The present study was conducted to test the hypothesis that copper nanoparticle would enter into the plant cell and govern the growth of maize plant.A solution culture experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of Cu nano-particles (<50nm) on the growth and enzymatic activity of maize (Zea mays L.) plant. Bioaccumulation of Cu nano-particles in plant was also investigated. Results showed that Cu nano-particles can enter into the plant cell through roots and leaves. Bioaccumulation increased with increasing concentration of Cu nano-particles (NPs), and agglomeration of particles was observed in the cells using transmission-electron microscopy. Application of Cu nano-particles through solution culture as well as spray enhanced the growth (51%) of maize plant in comparison to control. The different enzymatic activities like glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, andguaiacol peroxidase were studied to find a possible pathway through which NPs may affect the enzymatic activity of plant. Amongst the enzymes, the activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase was highly influenced by copper oxide (CuO)nano-particles application by spray as well as in solution. Experimental results revealed that CuOnano-particles affected the pentose phosphate pathway of maize plant. The obtained experimental results provided conclusive evidence to indicate that the nano-particles considered under this study could enter into the plant cell, easily be assimilated by plants and also enhanced its growth by regulating the different enzyme activities.     

瞬变电磁法探测水库坝基溶洞的效果

在工程地球物理中,溶洞探测是一项非常重要的任务.介绍了一种溶洞探测的新技术--中心回线观测方式瞬变电磁测深方法的基本原理与仪器系统、资料采集及资料分析与解释.在一个中型水库大坝上进行了试验,成功找到了溶洞,并进行了钻孔验证,效果十分明显,说明该方法在工程物探中具有良好的应用前景.     

低功率氦氖激光加血卟啉衍生物杀伤肿瘤细胞的超微结构研究

用低功率氦氖激光-血卟啉衍生物(HpD)所产生的光动力学(PDT)效应治疗小鼠S180纤维肉瘤已获得了一定的实验性疗效,在此基础上进行了PDT杀伤肿瘤细胞的超微结构研究。电镜观察结果发现:PDT疗法治疗后第1天,肿瘤细胞线粒体肿胀,有的线粒体的嵴断裂;第3天,线粒体基质聚集而出现空化灶,嵴消失,内质网扩张,微绒毛减少;治疗后第7天,线粒体基质溶解呈空泡化,细胞膜破坏,胞浆内有空泡,可见胞浆内容物溢出胞外,核糖体减少,核膜部分破坏,染色质聚集成团,核膜破坏消失;13天,细胞核溶解,核内容物溢出胞外。     

Some ultrastructural findings on feline mammary carcinomas and their possible immunological significance

Feline mammary carcinoma is an aggressive highly metastatic malignant neoplasm occurring spontaneously in an outbred population. Tumour tissues from 20 clinical cases of simpletype adenocarcinomas (primary and metastatic tumours, cell suspensions, and cultured cells), were examined ultrastructurally by transmission and scanning electron microscopy.No evidence of an aetiological viral agent was found. Tumour cell morphology suggested that well-developed microvilli and cell surface structure may reflect the relative low immunogenicity and high metastasising potential of these carcinomas in the cat.     

二倍体泥鳅与大鳞副泥鳅及杂交F1精子结构与活力

二倍体泥鳅与大鳞副泥鳅杂交能够顺利获得杂交后代,其正反交核型都为（2n=49）,但杂交后代精巢表现出明显的发育迟缓现象,杂交泥鳅自交与回交实验表明,其雄性不可育。为了解二倍体泥鳅和大鳞副泥鳅杂交F₁雄性不育的原因,实验通过计算机辅助精子活力分析系统（CASA）、光学显微镜、扫描电镜、透射电镜、流式细胞技术分别对二倍体泥鳅（DD）、大鳞副泥鳅（PP）、其正反杂交F₁（DP）和（PD） 4种泥鳅精子的形态结构与活力进行了分析。结果显示,激活30 s时,DD和PP的精子运动率分别为76.50%±0.70%和75.17%±8.60%,极显著高于DP （3.65%±1.75%）和PD （2.68%±0.63%）,且杂交泥鳅的精子的平均运动速度（VAP）、平均曲线速度（VCL）、平均直线运动速度（VSL）等运动参数也极显著低于DD和PP,说明杂交泥鳅精子的活力极其低下。应用流式细胞技术对4种泥鳅精巢内细胞进行倍性鉴定,发现DD和PP精巢内大多为1N精子,而DP和PD精巢内除了正常单倍体精子外,还有大量的2N和4N以及少量的8N细胞。通过扫描电镜和透射电镜...