利用时域反射仪测定饱和砂土中非水相液体

利用时域反射技术,以饱和砂土和菜籽油、机油为研究对象,室内模拟研究了非水相液体(NAPLs,nonaqueous phase liquids)污染土壤的介电常数和电导率的变化规律,确定了饱和砂土中NAPLs含量的预测模型。研究表明:1饱和砂土中体积含油量在0~0.05 cm~3/cm~3时,土壤介电常数并无显著变化;随着NAPLs体积含量的进一步增加,介电常数呈线性减小趋势;土壤体积质量和NAPLs类型对相同饱和度的土壤介电常数未产生影响。2饱和土壤的电导率与NAPLs含量存在良好的线性负相关关系(R2=0.96);土壤体积质量对相同饱和度的土壤电导率未产生影响。3混合介电模型(a=0.5)高估了饱和砂土中NAPLs含量,平均RMSE为0.038 cm~3/cm~3;参数a调整为0.52后,混合介电模型提高了预测精度,比原混合介电模型(a=0.5)预测精度可以提高23.2%。本研究结果表明可利用时域反射技术监测污染土壤的介电常数与电导率并测定饱和土壤中NAPLs的含量。     

Comparison of three dielectric moisture sensors for measurement of water in saline sandy soil

The number of sensor types available for measuring soil water content has increased but investigations to compare their performance in saline soils needs clarification. In this study the performance of commercially available, low-cost soil moisture sensors [time domain reflectometry (TDR), PR1 and WET], all measuring changes in the dielectric constant of the soil water, was evaluated under laboratory conditions in a saline sandy soil. The three sensors were also tested in the same sandy soil growing drip irrigated sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor L. cv. Moench) in a greenhouse. Plants were irrigated daily with either saline water (ECw: 9.4 dS/m) or fresh water (0.11 dS/m). The volume of irrigation was equivalent to 100% of the pan evaporation. The results showed that measurement accuracy was strongly dependent on the salinity of the soil. The PR1 sensor overestimated volumetric water content ( θ ) when the salinity level exceeded 4 dS/m [root mean square of the standard error (RMSE) = 0.009 cm³/cm³]. The WET sensor significantly overestimated θ irrespective of the salinity level (RMSE = 0.014 cm³/cm³). The TDR sensor estimated θ with more accuracy (RMSE = 0.007   cm³/cm³) and thus can be considered as more reliable than the other two sensors. The calibrations were strongly affected by the salinity level of the water, so we recommend that calibration equations are modified to take account of salinity.     

TDR在测量农田土壤水分中的室内标定

给出了一种较简便、准确的时域反射仪(TDR)室内标定方法,该方法工作量小,克服了田间土壤水分空间变异的影响,更适用于粘壤土质的TDR标定。通过对昆山地区粘壤土质的实例标定发现,TDR测量值较烘干法明显偏低,绝对偏差范围0.02~0.09 cm3/cm3,相对偏差随着土壤含水量的减小有增加趋势。但TDR的测量值与真实值之间有较高的相关性(R2=0.9837,P<0.001),可以用一个简单的线形函数进行校正,校正后的TDR测量值中将有98.4%的值接近土壤含水量真实值,说明该校正公式可以作为昆山地区进行TDR校正的参考。     

TDR法、中子法、重量法测定土壤含水量的比较研究

对用ＴＤＲ法、中子法和重量法测得的土壤水分含量观测值的比较结果表明,随着土壤深度和测量时间的变化,中子法的平均测定误差为３．７６％,ＴＤＲ法为３．５９％。并且这２种方法的土壤水含量观测值的时空变化和重量法具有相同的趋势。因此,用ＴＤＲ法测定土壤含水量与用中子法是同样可靠的。     

土壤水分时域反射仪(TDR)自制探头的校正与应用

根据TDR工作原理制作了TDR探头,并对其进行了室内标定,结果表明,介电常数的平方根(Ka)与体积含水量(,θ%)有良好的线性相关(R2=0.995)。并在田间与中子仪测定结果进行了对比,结果表明,平均绝对偏差为0.17%,平均相对偏差为8.58%,说明TDR自制探头可以在黄土高原地区推广应用。     

用于估算冻土中液态水分量的TDR数据校正(英文)

TDR作为1种野外测量土壤水分量简便而准确的方法而被人们熟知和使用。本研究使用TDR在河套灌区对冻土在冻结融解时进行了土壤水分测定。为了用TDR数据计算冻土的液态水分量,文中分析了众多计算模型和经验模型,最终找到了最适合本地区土壤特性的B irchak模型。     

TDR测定不同湿度土壤含水量的精度比较研究

[目的]探讨TDR测定土壤含水量的原理,找出TDR测量土壤含水量的适合范围.[方法]用波兰TDR/MUX/mpts水分测定仪,对不同湿度土样的体积含水量进行测定,同时用烘干法和环刀法分别测量其质量含水量和容重,然后转化成体积含水量与TDR的测量值进行比较.[结果]对于质量含水量为0～5％之间的干燥土壤和质量含水量为22％以上的湿润土壤,TDR的测量精度较低.与烘干法相比,绝对误差均大于2％,相对误差大于10％.对于质量含水量为5％ ～22％之间的土壤,TDR的测量精度较高.[结论]在湿润或半湿润地区,TDR法测量土壤体积含水量有较高的精度.