土壤水流通量对饱水带溶质运移参数的影响

The transport processes of solutes in two soil columns filled with undistrubed soil material collected from an unsaturated sandy aquifer formation in Belgium subjected to a variable upper boundary condition were identified from breakthrough curves measured by means of time domain reflectometry(TDR),Solute breakthrough was measured with 3 TDR probes inserted into each soil column at three different depths at a 10 minutes time interval.In addition,soil water content and pressure head were measured at 3 different depths.Analyteical solute transport models were used to estimate the solute disperison coefficient and average pore-water velocity from the observed breakthrough curves,the results showed that the analytical solutions were suitable in fitting the observed solute transport,The dispersion coefficient was found to be a function of the soil depth and average proe-water velocity,imposed by the soil water flux.the mobile moistrue content on the other hand was not correlated with the average pore-water velocity and the dispersion coefficient.     

土壤水分测量原理与技术方法研究

土壤水分对作物生长和微生物活动具有重要作用,对农业领域、工程领域、生态领域等均有十分广泛的影响。土壤含水率是土壤理化特性的重要参数之一,也是制定合理灌溉制度、优化水资源管理、保障土体工程施工安全的重要指标之一。本文介绍了国内外目前应用较广泛的几种土壤水分测量方法及其测量原理,并对其优缺点进行了分析。提出了土壤水分测定方法中存在的主要问题及其发展趋势。     

Alteration of soil water content consequent to root-pruning at a windbreak/crop interface in Nebraska, USA

Root-pruning is generally recommended as an appropriate treatment to reduce competition for soil water and/or nutrients and suppression of crop yield in areas adjacent to windbreaks. Several recent studies suggest, however, that factors other than soil water might be causing yield reduction at the interface. For two consecutive years, we evaluated root-pruning effects on soil water at the windbreak/crop interface under both cropped (soybean [Glycine max (L) Merr.] variety Iroquois, 1997) and non-cropped (1998) conditions in Mead, Nebraska, USA. Volumetric soil water content near the windbreaks was systematically measured at various soil depths, distances from the windbreak, and windbreak exposures using Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR). Overall differences in soil water content between root-pruned and non-pruned plots in soybean were smaller in magnitude at all distances in both the west (windbreak on the east side) and the east (windbreak on the west side) exposures in 1997, compared with the non-cropped condition in the south exposure in 1998. With a soybean crop in 1997, volumetric soil water content in the east exposure averaged 2.3% greater in the top 30 cm of the soil profile at a distance of 0.75H (H = windbreak height) into the field from the windbreak when compared to the non-pruned treatment. In the west exposure, however, the differences were undetectable at corresponding distance and depth. The increase in soybean yield in root-pruned plots corresponded well with the observed differences in soil water content at various distances, especially in the east exposure. Under a non-cropped condition in 1998, soil water content in the root-pruned plots was significantly greater than the non-pruned plots in the top 45-cm profile, averaging 3.3% at 0.75H and 2.2% at 1.0H. Beyond 1.0H, the increase was not significant. These results agree with the previously reported range of crop yield suppression near windbreaks, indicating that soil water competition between the crop and windbreak is highly related to, and probably plays a leading role in yield suppression within the competition zone.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

土壤水分测定方法的新进展—TDR测定仪

土壤水分测定方法的新进展—ＴＤＲ测定仪逄春浩（中国科学院地理研究所，北京，１００１０１）水分是天然土壤中的一个重要组成部分，它不仅影响着土壤的物理性质，制约着土壤中的养分和溶济的溶解，转移和微生物的活动，而且是构成土壤肥力和土壤性质的一个重要因素，在...     

基于相位检测原理的土壤水分时域反射测量技术

针对土壤水分测量的特点,提出了用高频正弦波代替脉冲信号作为测试信号,利用相位检测原理测量信号传播时间,从而测量土壤含水量的方法.设计了由高频信号发生器、相位检测器、微处理器和土壤水分探头等组成的P-TDR原理样机.试验表明,该样机测量信号传播时间的精度可达到10 ps,在砂土、壤土和粘壤土中的土壤含水量测量结果与称重法对比差值不超过0.03.     

Evaluation of soil water storage efficiency for rainfall harvesting on hillslope micro-basins built using time domain reflectometry measurements

Micro-basins are slope management structures built out of earth and stones on hillslopes around cultivated trees (e.g., olive trees) for the harvesting of rainfall and runoff water, and for the rehabilitation of land degraded by water erosion.In this study, the results of an experimental survey for the comparison of soil water content for both inside and outside the micro-basins are analyzed. Measurements are taken after some rainfall events from January to December 2003 in a hilly region of Central Tunisia. The time domain reflectometry technique is used to measure soil moisture in 15 sets of soil profiles (inside and outside) at three different depths. Four different soils are evaluated, i.e., Cambisols, Kastanozems, Arenosols, and Calcisols.The data analysis shows a significant improvement on the water stock obtained by this type of management. The differences in water storage with respect to soil type, depths, and tillage are evident, but strongly connected to farm management. For optimal management conditions an important increase of average water stock is observed; however, for bad or no farm management the amelioration is zero or is even deteriorating the state of vegetation.     

TDR技术测定盐碱地土壤盐分和水分及标定研究

根据TDR(Time Domain Refletrometry,时域反射仪)测定土壤水分和土壤电导率的基本原理,使用德国生产的TRIME型TDR测定仪,以塔里木河上游地区盐碱地土壤为对象,进行了土壤盐分(或电导率)和土壤含水率方面的测定研究,并对其进行标定,得出了不同含水率下土壤盐分(或电导率)的半理论半经验的公式。其目的旨在为TDR法在塔里木盆地盐碱地土壤水分和盐分测定中的应用提供理论支持。     

TDR研制与应用方面的若干进展

通过分析近年来国内外关于TDR的文献，总结了TDR研制与应用方面的若干新进展，概括了在使用TDR时应注意的几个问题。结果表明，线圈型TDR探针可很好地解决TDR探针在物理长度上的限制；多功能TDR探针可用来同时测定含水量与基质势、含水量与土壤热学性质、含水量与盐度和温度。当温度在5～45℃之间变化时随着温度的升高，TDR在沙壤土中测定的土壤含水量降低，而在粘壤土和有机质含量高的土壤测定的土壤含水量值升高。TDR探针应以合适的角度插入土壤，同时尽量避免摇摆、两探针不平行插入等误操作。     

农田土壤水分测定三种方法的比较

应用时域反射仪（ＴＤＲ）、中子仪和土钻法测定了农田土壤水分，并对农田土层含水量和土体贮水量的测定结果进行了比较。结果表明，三种方法的测定结果存在一定的差异，ＴＤＲ测定农田土壤水分最精确且稳定性好。本文还提出了用ＴＤＲ配合土钻法测定农田土壤容重的方法。     

土壤水分实时监测的应用与现状

目前有很多种实时监测土壤水分的方法,其中TDR法和FD法因具有众多优点,已经在生产实际中得到广泛应用。从这2种方法的基本理论、产生和应用发展方面进行分析;同时对最近几年来国内出现的基于SWR驻波率原理的土壤水分监测技术的发展现状做一介绍;并介绍一些国外的土壤水分监测技术及其在国内的应用。