基于氢氧稳定同位素的矮砧苹果树根系吸水深度研究

为了研究矮砧苹果树根系吸水深度,利用氢氧稳定同位素技术,测定了7年生矮砧苹果树在萌芽花期、新梢旺长期和果实膨大期不同深度土壤水的稳定同位素值,并应用IsoSource多元线性模型分析水源的水分贡献率。结果表明:矮砧苹果树在萌芽花期主要利用0~20 cm(59.5%)处的土壤水;在新梢旺长期6月主要吸水深度为0~20 cm(42.9%)和20~40 cm(11.1%);新梢旺长期7月根系的主要吸水深度为0~20 cm(24.3%)和20~40 cm(29.1%);果实膨大期8月为0~20 cm(23.6%)、20~40 cm(37.1%)和40~60 cm(11.6%);果实膨大期9月为0~20 cm(26.3%)、20~40 cm(27.3%)和40~60 cm(13.8%)。     

浑河源头不同水源涵养林根系分布特征

【目的】揭示浑河源头不同水源涵养林根系分布特征。【方法】采用根钻法和WinRHIZO根系分析系统等研究手段,定量分析了不同林地根系参数(根质量密度、根长密度、根表面积密度、根体积密度)垂直分布特征以及不同径级根系分布特征。【结果】各个样地植物根系主要集中在0～20 cm土层,且随着土层深度的增加而减小,0～10 cm土层红松林地和采伐迹地显著大于混交林地和落叶松(p<0.05);各样地不同径级根质量密度分布存在差异,多为细根,根质量密度在0.47～9.73 g/cm~3之间,根长密度在0.88～5.90 cm/cm~3之间,根表面积在0.22～0.94 cm2/cm~3之间,根体积密度在0.003～0.022 cm~3/cm~3之间。【结论】不同水源涵养林植物根系主要集中在0～20 cm,红松和混交林地根系量最高。     

Effects of mycorrhizal fungi on root-hair growth and hormone levels of taproot and lateral roots in trifoliate orange under drought stress

A pot experiment was used to evaluate the effects of an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) Funneliformis mosseae on plant growth performance, root-hair growth, and root hormone levels in trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata) seedlings under well-watered (WW) and drought stress (DS). A 9-week mild DS treatment significantly reduced mycorrhizal colonization of 2nd- and 3rd-order lateral roots. Root mycorrhizal colonization was relatively higher in the 2nd- and 3rd-order lateral roots than in the taproot and the 1st-order lateral root under WW and DS. AMF seedlings exhibited significantly higher root-hair density, length (except for the taproot) and diameter in taproot and 1st-, 2nd-, and 3rd-order lateral roots under WW, and considerably higher root-hair density (except for 1st-order lateral root), length (except for 2nd-order lateral root) and diameter under DS. Mycorrhizal inoculation remarkably increased root abscisic acid (ABA), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), methyl jasmonate, and brassinosteroids (BRs) concentrations under DS, in company with the decrease in root zeatin riboside and gibberellins levels and root IAA effluxes. Root-hair traits were significantly positively correlated with root colonization and root ABA and BRs levels. It is concluded that mycorrhizal plants possessed better root-hair growth to adapt mild DS, which is associated with mycorrhizal colonization and endogenous hormone changes.     

Exogenous application of humic acid and salicylic acid to alleviate seedling drought stress in two corn (Zea mays L.) hybrids

Efficacy of 1?mM humic (HA) and salicylic (SC) acids on SC 260 and SC 705 corn seedlings to alleviate drought stress via polyethylene glycol was studied via hydroponics at Shiraz University, Iran in a factorial, randomized design, with four replicates each. Under stress, SC 260 had higher electrolyte leakage compared to SC 705, and exogenous application of HA combined with SA decreased SC 705 electrolyte leakage. As a general trend, photosynthetic pigment content, relative water content, root and shoot length, mean number and diameter of central and peripheral root metaxylem, and K⁺ accumulation were higher in SC 705 treated with HA and SA compared to SC 260. Application of HA with SA could be an effective and low cost approach to ensure seedling establishment and plant growth in fields affected by soil drought in the early season, especially for the SC 705 corn hybrid in semi-arid regions.     

枫桦树枝和树根木质部非结构性碳水化合物的地区差异

以中国伏牛山脉木札岭和小兴安岭帽儿山2个区域的散孔材树种枫桦(Betula costata)为对象,研究落叶后树枝和树根木质部中非结构性碳水化合物(NSC)含量的地域差异。结果表明,帽儿山枫桦树根和树枝的可溶性糖与淀粉含量均>木札岭;2个区域枫桦树根的可溶性糖与淀粉含量均>树枝。枫桦非结构性碳水化合物的地区差异以及组织差异是树木在休眠期应对环境变化特别是温度变化的结果。     

Assessment of biomass and net primary productivity of a dry tropical forest using geospatial technology

This study quantifies biomass, aboveground and belowground net productivity, along with additional environmental factors over a 2-3 year period in Barnawapara Sanctuary of Chhattisgarh, India through satellite remotesensing and GIS techniques. Ten sampling quadrates20×20, 5×5 and 1×1 m were randomly laid for overstorey (OS), understorey (US) and ground vegetation(GS), respectively. Girth of trees was measured at breast height and collar diameters of shrubs and herbs at 0.1 m height. Biomass was estimated using allometric regression equations and herb biomass by harvesting. Net primary productivity (NPP) was determined by Ssumming biomass increment and litter crop values. Aspect and slope influenced the vegetation types, biomass and NPP in different forests. Standing biomass and NPP varied from 18.6 to101.5 Mg ha^-1 and 5.3 to 12.7 Mg ha^-1 a^-1, respectively,in different forest types. The highest biomass was found in dense mixed forest, while net production recoded in Teak forests. Both were lowest in degraded mixed forests of different forest types. OS, US and GS contributed 90.4, 8.7and 0.7%, respectively, for the total mean standing biomass in different forests. This study developed spectral models for the estimation of biomass and NPP using Normalized Difference Vegetation Index and other vegetation indices.The study demonstrated the potential of geospatial tools for estimation of biomass and net productivity of dry tropical forest ecosystem.     

闽楠天然次生林林木综合竞争指数研究

以江西省吉安市闽楠天然次生林作为研究对象,通过八邻域平移法确定对象木,分别采用四邻体法、Voronoi图法选取竞争木,并基于Hegyi简单竞争指数重新构建含胸径、树高、冠幅及林木间距等因子的综合竞争指数,利用Pearson相关分析法和曲线拟合比较分析不同方法选取竞争木的简单竞争指数与综合竞争指数的优劣。结果表明:1)简单竞争指数和综合竞争指数与胸径、树高及冠幅之间均呈极显著负相关(P<0.01);2)综合竞争指数与胸径、树高及冠幅的相关性和拟合度均高于简单竞争指数;3)基于Voronoi图法构建的简单竞争指数和综合竞争指数与胸径、树高及冠幅的相关性和拟合度均高于基于四邻体法构建的简单竞争指数和综合竞争指数。研究结果可为闽楠天然次生林的合理经营与保护等措施的制订提供参考依据。     

基于招聘需求的高校课程改革策略——以图书馆学本科毕业生为例

[研究目的]通过分析招聘单位对图书馆学本科毕业生的需求,有利于高校培养高素质的图书馆学本科毕业生,提高图书馆学本科毕业生的就业率。[研究方法]笔者共采用两种研究方法:文献阅读法和网络调查法。首先,笔者在中国知网上进行文献检索、阅读、分析与总结。其次,通过收集招聘单位发布的雇佣信息,比较不同招聘单位的招聘要求。[研究结论]通过对获取数据的整理分析发现:图书馆发布的招聘岗位类型主要有技术类、行政综合管理类、业务类3种;企业发布的招聘岗位类型主要集中在两个方面,一是情报研究、数据挖掘等领域,二是行政类职务;国考、省考、企事业单位的招聘岗位主要集中在行政类管理岗领域;科研院所以及情报机构的招聘岗位主要以信息深层次加工处理为主。[创新]笔者从招聘单位的角度出发,搜集整理不同招聘单位对图书馆学本科毕业生的需求,从专业能力、学历、工作经验、生源地等多个角度进行横向和纵向对比分析,总结不同招聘单位对图书馆学本科毕业生的需求差异。     

不同树龄油茶林分中土壤养分的变化特征及对细根生物量的影响

以岑溪软枝油茶(Cenxi soft branch Camellia oleifera)无性系林分为研究对象,分析幼龄期(2年生)、结果初期(5年生)和盛产期(8年生) 3种林分中土壤养分的变化特征及对细根生物量的影响。结果表明:3种油茶林分中土壤养分总量差异显著,2年生油茶林分中有机质和水解性氮含量最高,5年油茶林分中有效磷含量最高,8年生油茶林分中速效钾含量最高。水平方向上,4种土壤养分在不同林地中分布较为均匀;垂直方向上,4种养分主要分布在土壤中上层0～30 cm处,整体上元素含量随着土层深度的加深而减少。偏相关分析表明:水解性氮对细根生物量的作用主要表现在40～60 cm土层;有效磷细根生物量的影响主要体现在10～40 cm土层,表现为不同程度的正相关性;速效钾对细根生物量的影响主要体现在10～20 cm土层中,表现为显著的负相关。有机质和有效磷与细根生物量呈极显著相关。     

豆科作物适应酸性土壤的养分高效根系遗传改良

世界上超过40%的耕作土壤为酸性,养分效率低是酸性土壤限制作物产量的主要因素。根系是植物吸收养分和水分的主要器官,也是植物与土壤微生物互作的主要界面。挖掘根系对土壤养分吸收和利用的遗传潜力、改善根际土壤微生物组成及活性是提高作物产量、减少环境污染和提升土壤健康的重要策略。此外,豆科作物与根瘤菌共生所固定的氮素是农业生态系统中不可替代的清洁氮源,也是影响根际土壤微生物组的重要因素。本文以大豆为代表,系统总结了酸性土壤中,豆科作物养分高效根系遗传改良、根系与根际微生物互作提高养分效率和土壤健康的研究进展。此外,本文还概述了应用养分高效大豆品种,通过接种高效根瘤菌剂并与玉米、茶树间套作的生态效益,为豆科作物养分高效遗传改良及推动其在可持续农业中的应用提供理论依据和应用案例。