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11.
提出了一种将功能概念与结构方案集成的图论方法。在设计对象的能量流有向图、邻接矩阵的基础上,通过矩阵变换导出结构设计十分重要的强连接零件集合以及集合的先后顺序,根据通过制定的规则完成结构方案设计,最后进行了实例验证。 相似文献
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系统耦合与荒漠─绿洲草地农业系统─—以祁连山一临泽剖面为例 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
生态系统内部自由能的积累,使系统失去平衡并趋于同其它生态系统结合,自由能驱使两个或两个以上的生态系统或亚生态系统,通过会聚,超循环和耦合而联合,从而形成具有特殊结构一功能的更高一级的新系统。系统耦合可以多途径解放生态系统中的自由能而增加农业生态系统的生产力,亦即从催化潜势,位差潜势,多稳定潜势及管理潜势中取得能输出。上述过程可作用于农业系统中的四个子系统,这四个子系统各有自己的产品:前植物生产,植物生产,动物生产,外生物生产,从而大幅度提高其生产力。在荒漠─绿洲草地农业生态系统中,本文分别计量了各个子系统的能流单位及其流程,证明它的子系统也可以成功的发生系统耦合,其中绿洲子系统应居关键地位。 相似文献
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近年来,我国的景观植物产业得到了很大发展,但仍存在很多问题,为了解决这些问题,我们开发了景观植物信息查询系统(简称LPIIS)。LPIIS的构建包括后台数据库和管理系统2部分,以Microsoft Access开发后台景观植物数据库,实现各种零散的景观植物数据资料的数字化;采用面向对象的开发语言VB进行信息系统的界面设计和系统集成,实现了人性化的界面,操作更为方便。LPIIS的出现改变了过去景观植物信息管理的手工方式,具有可视化人性化的界面、提供多媒体信息、数据的维护和更新具有继承性、后台数据库可方便的移植于网络等特点。 相似文献
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中外合作林业项目对促进我国林业发展的作用日益明显,就湖南中外合作林业项目的特点进行了阐述,并与国内传统林业项目进行了比较,对湖南林业进一步的发展提出见解. 相似文献
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Traffic has a considerable effect on population and community dynamics through the disruption and fragmentation of habitat
and traffic mortality. This paper deals with a systematic way to acquire knowledge about the probabilities of successful road
crossing by mammals and what characteristics affect this traversability. We derive a model from traffic flow theory to estimate
traffic mortality in mammals related to relevant road, traffic and species characteristics. The probability of successful
road crossing is determined by the pavement width of the road, traffic volume, traversing speed of the mammals and their body
length. We include the traversability model in a simple two-patch population model to explore the effects of these road, traffic
and species characteristics on population dynamics. Analysis of the models show that, for our parameter ranges, traffic volume
and traversing speed have the largest effect on traffic mortality. The population size is especially negatively affected when
roads have to be crossed during the daily movements. These predictions could be useful to determine the expected effectiveness
of mitigating measures relative to the current situation. Mitigating measures might alter the road and traffic characteristics.
The effects of these changes on traffic mortality and population dynamics could be analysed by calculating the number of traffic
victims before and after the mitigating measures.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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Michael R. Bedford 《British poultry science》2018,59(5):486-493
ABSTRACT1. Enzymes have been used commercially for nearly 40 years and save significant costs through sparing of expensive nutrients but the mechanism by which this is achieved is still debated.2. The research focused on non-starch polysaccharidase (NSPase) enzymes is used as an example of where greater progress could have been made if the details of the work had been described more fully and the analysis of the data generated had been broader in scope and more critical.3. Lack of standardisation of the details presented in the materials and methods has been identified as a significant barrier to meaningful retrospective analysis and thus limits advances in the understanding of the mode of action of these enzymes.4. The identity of the enzyme employed and its activity is often lacking, and more importantly the purity is rarely disclosed. Contaminant activities which are neither listed nor assayed could play a significant role in the responses observed.5. The dose optimum of most enzymes is often considerably higher than that employed in most studies. Thus studies claiming synergy between two ‘activities’ should ensure that the response is not related to each enzyme simply augmenting the dose of just one activity in the finished feed. This is a common problem, and coupled with the lack of factorial experiments to justify the presence of each enzyme in a multi-enzyme product, it is not surprising that there is still debate as to whether single or multi-enzymes are best suited poultry rations.6. The three proposed mechanisms for NSPases (viscosity, cell wall and prebiotic) are discussed, and along with their strengths and weaknesses it is suggested that a re-evaluation of each is needed. Viscosity may have to be re-evaluated as being a function not only of the cereal being fed, but of the age of the animal as well. The cell wall theory as described is poorly modelled in vitro and hence the validity of these data is questioned. The prebiotic theory may need significant modification as it appears that the quantities of oligomers produced are insufficient to generate the additional volatile fatty acids (VFA)’s reported. It is likely that all three mechanisms play a role in the responses observed, but the prebiotic mechanism probably plays by far the most important part in low viscosity diets.7. Future research would be improved if it considered all potential mechanisms when designing a trial. Significant failings are apparent as a result of adherence to tenets in explanation of the results. Most importantly, it should be emphasised that a hypothesis is there to be tested, not defended. 相似文献
20.
R Le Get 《Australian veterinary journal》2018,96(8):285-290
When contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) was first detected on a farm north of Melbourne, at Bundoora, in 1858, the predominant theory of miasma was being challenged by contagionist theories of disease transmission. This well‐documented case was recorded during a period of change in the scientific assessment of disease and therefore affords an exploration of what aspects of the landscape were considered important for livestock health at the time. Although the introduction, vaccination programs and eventual eradication of CBPP on mainland Australia has been well explored, scholars have neglected this aspect of the disease's history. By comparing 19th century records of farmland with how the site appears today, it is also possible to highlight the limited information provided by contemporary texts, while at the same time developing an appreciation of the ways in which the perception of the rural landscape has changed. This differing perception has implications for the utilisation of these sources for veterinary and environmental historians seeking to understand the mid‐19th century agricultural landscape and how it relates to animal health. 相似文献