应用小白鼠代替鸡对禽霍乱蜂胶灭活疫苗进行效检的研究

为寻找其他有效的禽霍乱蜂胶灭活疫苗的效检方法,应用小白鼠代替本动物鸡对禽霍乱蜂胶灭活疫苗进行效检.结果表明,小白鼠免疫时体重15～18 g,疫苗免疫剂量0.3 mL/只,免疫10 d后攻毒,攻毒时体重20～25 g,攻毒剂量5～9 CFU/只时,可代替本动物鸡对禽霍乱蜂胶灭活疫苗进行效检,判定标准为免疫组8/10以上保护,对照组5/5死亡为合格.本效检方法可缩短检验期限7 d,降低检验成本,具有敏感、特异、客观、简便等特点.     

法氏囊活性肽对新城疫弱毒疫苗免疫效果影响的研究

本研究通过给鸡两次注射法氏囊活性肽后,接种新城疫弱毒疫苗,观察法氏囊活性肽对新城疫弱毒疫苗免疫效果的影响,结果表明：纯化的法氏囊活性肽能够提高新城疫弱毒疫苗所诱导产生的血清抗体水平,试验组比对照组平均高１～２个滴度;使血清母源新城疫抗体水平维持较高水平;促进法氏囊的生长发育,对抗传染性法氏囊弱毒疫苗（ＩＢＤ）对法氏囊的损伤,和（或）促进损伤后的法氏囊的修复,对脾脏的生长发育没有影响。     

IgE reactivity to milk components in dogs with cutaneous adverse food reactions

We investigated the IgE reactivity to crude and purified milk antigens in the sera of 112 dogs with cutaneous adverse food reactions (CAFRs). Of the 112 dogs, 33 (29%) had specific IgE for crude milk antigens. In the dogs with milk-specific IgE, IgE reactivity to casein, bovine serum albumin (BSA), α-lactalbumin, β-lactoglobulin, and bovine IgG were 81%, 85%, 39%, 27%, and 35%, respectively. Casein and BSA may be important allergens in dogs with CAFRs. Some canine vaccines contain casein hydrolysate as a stabilizer and the pooled serum with anti-casein IgE showed IgE reactivity to the vaccines containing it. Information about IgE reactivity to casein in dogs with CAFRs could be useful for predicting adverse reactions to the vaccines including casein hydrolysate.     

兔病毒性出血症、巴氏杆菌病二联灭活苗与二种单苗的免疫比较

对研制的兔出血症、巴氏杆菌二联灭活苗分别与二种单苗进行了免疫力、免疫产生期、免疫持续保护效果、保存期的比较。结果表明：二联灭活苗对兔出血症RHD、巴氏杆菌病（Pm）的保护率分别100％（15／15）,86．7％（13／15）。而二种单苗的免疫效果分别是100％（12／12）和88．8％（8／9）,经统计学检验差异不显著（P〉0．05）。二联苗和单苗对RHD均100％保护,对于Pm二联苗和单苗第7天都能产生保护力,第10天可产生较坚强的免疫效果。疫苗免疫持续6个月后免疫对RHD、Pm的保护率分别为100％（8／8）、83．3％（10／12）,单苗免疫后对RHD、Pm的保护率分别为100％（6／6）,85．7％（12／14）,免疫效果无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。二联苗和二种单苗在4～8℃和室温条件下保存6个月,对兔病毒性出血症的保护率达100％,对巴氏杆菌病也具有良好的免疫效果。二种组分制苗无干扰现象发生。     

Effect of the Immunity Efficacy of IBD Immune Complex Vaccine on ND La Sota Vaccine

1-day-old SPF chickens and commercial Jingfen chickens were vaccinated with IBD immune complex(IC) vaccine, NDV La Sota vaccine were inoculated simultaneously every one week and every two weeks.NDV La Sota immunization alone was as the control group.At the 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th week post inoculation, blood samples were taken and the ND HI antibody were tested.Experimental chickens were challenged with high virulent NDV at the 5th week post inoculation, the protective rate of each group was calculated.The results showed the ND HI antibody were not significant different in the combined immunization of IBD IC vaccine priming and NDV La Sota vaccine boost and NDV La Sota vaccine alone immunization (P>0.05).The results indicated that IBD IC vaccine has no immunosuppression on NDV La Sota vaccine in SPF chickens and commercial Jingfen chickens.     

Evaluation of a Competitive Exclusion Culture and Megan Vac 1 on Salmonella Typhimurium Colonization in Neonatal Broiler Chickens

The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of individual or simultaneous application of 2 products, a competitive exclusion culture (CEC) or Megan Vac 1 (MV), for bioefficacy in reducing Salmonella Typhimurium (ST) cecal colonization in broiler chicks following experimental challenge. In experiment 1, CEC and MV were applied to day-of-hatch broiler chicks, and chicks were experimentally challenged with ST approximately 48 h later. In control chicks, ST was recovered at a level of 3.84 log₁₀ cfu/g following direct plating of cecal contents, and 12 of 19 (63.15%) cultured individual ceca were positive following selective enrichment. In chicks receiving CEC by spray application on day of hatch, a numerical reduction in ST recovered from cecal contents (2.63 log₁₀ cfu/g) and a significant reduction (P < 0.05) in recovery of ST from cultured ceca following selective enrichment (4 of 18, or 22.2%) was observed when compared with controls. Significant reductions in ST cecal colonization in chicks treated with MV alone were not observed in experiment 1. In experiment 2, chicks received day-of-hatch spray application of CEC alone, MV alone, or CEC and MV as a combined application immediately prior to or within 24 h of chick placement. When chicks were experimentally challenged with ST 48 h posthatch, significant reductions (P < 0.05) in cecal colonization by ST were observed with each experimental group when compared with nontreated controls. These data suggest that both commercially available products, alone or in combination, are efficacious in reducing cecal colonization in broiler chicks challenged with ST.     

猪瘟脾淋毒耐热保护剂活疫苗内毒素检测方法的建立与应用

依据《中华人民共和国兽药典》2005年版(一部)附录112-115和《中华人民共和国药典》2005年版(三部)ⅫE收载的细菌内毒素检测方法及指导原则进行实验。研究猪瘟脾淋毒(耐热保护剂)活疫苗对细菌内毒素检查试验的干扰情况,并建立其内毒素检测方法。结果猪瘟耐热保护剂活疫苗在10倍稀释后对灵敏度为0.25EU/ml的鲎试剂无干扰,细菌内毒素检测方法可用于猪瘟耐热保护剂活疫苗内毒素的检测。     

Genotyping of Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Viruses Isolated from Cattle in Northern Italy

Following the first official report of a clinically severe outbreak of bovine viral diarrhoea disease occurring in a farm in northern Italy, which had originated from the use of a live vaccine contaminated with a strain of BVD genotype II virus, a retrospective study on the prevalence of BVDV genotypes in Italy became highly relevant. For this purpose, the genotype of 78 BVDV-positive specimens, obtained in 1998–1999 from dairy cattle in an area near to where the outbreak occurred, was characterized by PCR technology. Two sets of primers, spanning the 5 UTR of BVDV genome, were used sequentially in a first round of RT-PCR, performed on viral RNA extracted directly from 15 clinical samples and 63 BVDV-infected cell-culture fluids; a second PCR assay followed to selectively amplify only BVDV genotype II. All the viruses under study were characterized as BVDV genotype I. As well as contributing to a better understanding of the prevalence of BVDV genotypes in the field, the results of the present study illustrate the possibility that novel BVDV strains can emerge in susceptible animals through the use of contaminated immunobiological products for bovine use.     

核酸疫苗的研究进展

核酸疫苗是当今研究的前沿领域,与传统疫苗相比具有很多优点,被誉为第3代疫苗革命.本文就核酸疫苗的作用机理、方法、医学上的研究进展及前景做一综述.     

羔羊痢疾、大肠杆菌病、羊猝狙、羊肠毒血症四联油佐剂灭活菌苗研制及预防试验的研究

用标准的魏氏梭菌C58-2 (B型 )、C59-2 (C型 )、C60 -3 (D型 )菌株和贵州省畜牧兽医科学研究所分离的病原性羔羊大肠杆菌地方菌株CH9812 (O119)、SC993 8(O2 4 )株 ,采用先进的乳化工艺按一定的比例研制成四联油佐剂灭活苗和四种油佐剂单苗。进行了羔羊痢疾、羊猝狙、羊肠毒血症、羔羊大肠杆菌病四联油佐剂灭活苗与四种油佐剂单苗进行性能试验比较研究 ,结果是 :四联与单苗之间免疫效力差异不显著 (P >0 0 5 )。免疫后 2 1天攻毒 ,试验羊能抵抗魏氏梭菌 1 0× 1 0 9CFU/ml× 2ml毒素的静脉攻击 ,也能抵抗病原性大肠杆菌 1 0× 1 0 9CFU/ml× 3ml皮下攻击 ,保护率为 1 0 0 %。四联苗和单苗大剂量免疫试验羊 ,未发现任何副作用。证明四联油佐剂苗安全可靠。四联苗免疫期实验证明 :羔羊痢疾、羊猝狙、羊肠毒血症免疫期为 1年 ;羊大肠杆菌病为 8个月。研究结果证明 :四联油剂苗安全可靠 ,其免疫效力、免疫期、免疫安全性能达到或高于同类单价苗的效力标准。用羔羊痢疾、羊猝狙、羊肠毒血症、羔羊大肠杆菌病四联苗佐剂灭活菌苗在册亨、水城、龙里、罗甸等县的 6 0 0户养羊专业户中进行了野外田间试验。共免疫接种不同年龄、不同品种、不同性别的山羊 2 86 0 0只。结果 :四联苗较分次使用单苗接种减少羊