利用遗传突变基因改良特用玉米Ⅴ.甜玉米胚乳突变基因的效应与利用

简要说明甜玉米突变基因由来以及研究近况.甜玉米在碳水化合物中形成的隐性突变基因占有相当大的比例,其种源丰富,已育成多个品种.在育种技术方面,着重介绍新方法--转座子育种技术。     

南方高海拔山地无毒马铃薯制种技术探析

介绍了南方高海拔山地无毒马铃薯制种技术,主要包择、基地选择、精细整地、注意墒情和冻害、精选种薯、合理施肥、适时播种、化学除草、适时放苗、病虫害防治、收获贮藏等。     

贵州黔中“山地醇甜香”烟叶发展现状及策略

从黔中＂山地醇甜香＂烟叶的质量与风格内涵、市场竞争力和生产效益等方面,总结了近年来黔中特色烟叶的生产现状,今后应从烟叶特色解读、特色品种选育、烟叶品质安全以及构建完善特色烟叶技术支撑体系等方面加强特色烟叶的开发。     

甜椒根系脱氢酶活性与施氮量关系初探

北方城市郊区,近年来甜椒栽培普遍采取定植后即连续大量施肥,以期以肥促秧,提早封垄,减轻病害。但不少地块植株却表现出茎节缩短、叶片黄绿相间且皱缩,茎尖坏死、落叶、落花、落果、产量下降。 本试验针对生产上施氮量过多的问题,探求甜椒根系脱氢酶活性与施肥、产量的关系,以期为生产上合理施肥提供理论依据。     

Chemical,sensory and rheological properties of porridges from processed sorghum (Sorghum bicolor,bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea L. Verdc) and sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) flours

The chemical, sensory and rheological properties of porridges made from blends of sprouted sorghum, bambara groundnuts and fermented sweet potatoes were examined. Sorghum and bambara groundnuts were sprouted for 48 h while sweet potatoes were fermented for the same period. Blends were formulated from the processed ingredients in the ratio of 60:40:0, 57:42:1, 55:44:1 and 52:46:2 (protein basis) of sorghum, bambara groundnuts and sweet potatoes. Porridges were prepared from the composite flours and the traditional sorghum complementary food. Standard assay methods were used to evaluate the flours for nutrient composition. The porridges were also tested for sensory properties and viscosity. Processing increased the levels of most of the nutrients evaluated. Relative to the sorghum traditional complementary food, thecomposite flours had higher levels of lipids, protein, ash, crude fiber and minerals (p<0.05). The porridges from the composite flours were generally liked slightly by the panelists and were about seven times less viscous than the porridge from the traditional sorghum complementary food. Use of the composite flours, particularly the 52:46:2 blend, as a traditional complementary food should be encouraged in Nigeria especially with the increasing cost of commercial complementary foods.     

甜高粱与粒用高粱干物质积累分配与产量形成的比较研究

1978—1988年,我们对甜高粱与粒用高粱的干物质积累、分配与产量形成进行了比较研究,结果表明:(1)两者干物质积累过程都可用 Logistic 模型描述,但甜高粱较粒用高粱干物质积累峰值高,后期积累速度快,单株生物量高。(2)甜高粱是具有穗和茎两个库的双库型作物,其营养生长与生殖生长并进时间长,几乎从拔节延续到成熟。甜高粱茎的     

甜玉米新种质生化成分的分析

以我国自己转育成的甜玉米新种南材料，研究甜玉米的生化成分，优势率和遗传控制，研究结果表明，（１）甜玉米新质各种生化成分与原始基因型接近，营养价值高，食味品质好；（２）甜玉米品质性状优势率以负（向）优势为主，明显不同生长势性状的优势率；（３）普甜，甜脆，超甜玉米籽粒外观性状和糖分含量均受其各自的一对隐性基因控制。     

青椒整枝技术的研究—环状剥皮对生育和产量的影响

本文以“土佐狮子尖椒”品种为试材,对环状剥皮的作用进行探讨.经环状剥皮处理后,早期产量比对照增加29.4～52.6%;果实的干物质占有率也比对照有所增加,而根系的发育情况和直径大于1毫米的粗根数目均低于对照.叶面积指数、净光合率及相对生长率在进行环状剥皮后也低于对照.     

Late blight resistance in a diploid full-sib potato family

Late blight, caused by Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary, is the most destructive disease of potato worldwide. As this pathogen can rapidly overcome major race‐specific resistance genes, identifying the basis for enhanced quantitative resistance has become a crucial element for implementing advanced breeding strategies. A population of 230 full‐sib progeny derived from a cross between two diploid hybrid Solanum phureja × S. stenotomum clones was evaluated for foliage resistance against late blight in replicated trials at multiple locations in Pennsylvania between 1999 and 2002. In field experiments, plants were evaluated visually for per cent defoliation, and area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) was determined. The two parents and three control cultivars (‘Atlantic’, ‘Kennebec’ and ‘Katahdin’) were included in all trials. In all three experiments, the presence of a significant number of clones exhibiting transgressive segregation were observed. There were significant differences among environments as well as among clones, and the clone × environment interaction was also significant. Stability analysis revealed that 37 clones made a significant contribution to the overall environment × clone interaction. Broad‐sense heritability for resistance, measured as AUDPC, was estimated as 0.67. The overall results indicate the presence in this potato family of a high level of field resistance against late blight. This segregating diploid family appears to be a good candidate for quantitative trait loci mapping to identify and characterize the genetic components of partial late blight resistance.     

甘薯天蛾虫蛹蛋白水解特性及其氨基酸营养液的制作工艺研究

甘薯天蛾虫蛹用远天２３和远天１２蛋白酶水解，当底物鲜虫蛹液１２ｍＬ（浓度为２０％，Ｗ／Ｖ），添加１％酶液１ｍＬ，其适宜的水解条件：ｐＨ６～７，５０℃水解１２０ｍｉｎ并加热至７０℃继续水解３０ｍｉｎ；远天２３的酶解效果优于远天１２，添加磷酸（钠）盐和ＥＤＴＡ２Ｎａ可增加可溶性含氮物总量，添加ＶＣ则无效；底物粗蛋白的提取率为８１．２％。文章对虫蛹氨基酸营养液的制作工艺、配方及产品质量要求等亦做了介绍。